Optimum Reaction Time Research Articles

Effect of reaction time on the morphology and efficiency of ambient-air-processed CsFAMAPbIBr triple cation-mixed perovskite solar cells

The mixed-cation halide perovskites containing formamidinium (FA) are vulnerable to moisture due to easy bonding of FA moieties with H2O. Thus, a strict humidity controlled environment is indispensable for the highest efficiency CsFAMAPbIBr perovskites synthesis, which hinders the development of perovskite manufacturing in ambient atmosphere. In addition, the morphological evolution of CsFAMAPbIBr perovskites in a humid environment and consequent photovoltaic performance is important for understanding ambient air processed mixed perovskite solar cells, but few have been reported. Here, CsFAMAPbIBr perovskites were synthesized in an ambient air atmosphere by a sequential two-step deposition method. The effect of the reaction time is focused to corelate morphological variation and the resultant photovoltaic properties. Using the optimal reaction time of 5 s, CsFAMAPbIBr based planar solar cells with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.01% were achieved.

Study on regeneration and desiliconization purification of pickling waste liquid of building steel

In this paper, Fe2O3 power was used to replace the scrap steel in the traditional process, as the medium for removing the free acid in the waste acid solution of the cold-rolled strip pickling. The removal effect of free acid and silicon of the system with Fe2O3 addition and crap steel were compared. The results indicated that the system with Fe2O3 addition obtained a better effect. Subsequently, the optimum dosage, optimum reaction temperature and time were determined by the orthogonal experiment. The effect of flocculants of polyacrylamide (PAM), PAC, PAM+PAC and MgCl2 with the desiliconization was explored.

Prospects for biodiesel production from Macrotermes nigeriensis: Process optimization and characterization of biodiesel properties

The use of insects as feedstock for biodiesel production has sparsely been studied and very little is known of the fuel properties and engine performance of insect biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel was initially produced from an insect feedstock M. nigeriensis, then its physicochemical properties were characterized. The biodiesel was produced via the three-step process of lipid extraction, acid esterification (1 wt% H2SO4) and alkaline transesterification (0.5 wt% NaOH). The optimal reaction time, temperature and methanol-oil molar ratio for the acid-esterification process resulted in a free fatty acid conversion of 96.58%. The volumetric yield, fatty acid methyl esters content and physicochemical properties of M. nigeriensis biodiesel were analyzed using various analytical equipment such as the GC-HRMS, and 1H NMR. Analysis of the production process showed that 86.54 vol% biodiesel was obtained from M. nigeriensis oil. Further analysis showed that the biodiesel contained 96.72% fatty acid methyl esters. The composition of the fatty acid methyl esters was found to be 48% saturated esters and 52% monosaturated esters. The biodiesel density (841 kg m−3), viscosity (2.32 mm2 s−1), flash point (125 °C), pour point (−15 °C), cetane number (51.4), higher heating value (41.8 MJ kg−1) and acid value (0.44 mgKOH.g−1) were in compliance with the ASTM D6751 standards. One of the important results to highlight is the remarkably low viscosity of the biodiesel, which is attributed to the high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. Lower viscosity of fuel helps to improve fuel atomization and combustion efficiency, and hence lower emissions. The absence of polyunsaturated fatty acid esters also indicates that the biodiesel will have good oxidation stability.

Feedback control strategy for optimizing biohydrogen production from organic solid waste in a discontinuous process

The use of control strategies for the biological process of hydrogen (H2) production can increase productivity, stability, and robustness, increasing the viability of the implementation of these systems at the industrial level. A feedback control strategy for optimizing biohydrogen production from organic solid waste in a discontinuous process was proposed and pragmatically tested. The control strategy, which is based on recursively fitting a modified Gompertz model to gathered online data of the cumulative H2 volume, could eventually stabilize the system at an optimal reaction time. The control strategy was evaluated during 140 degradation cycles maintaining a stable H2 production with a reproducible form in the cumulative H2 production curve. Independent of the changes in the microbial population dynamics in the reactor, the control strategy maintained a stable H2 production avoiding the presence of methanogenic archaea. With the proposed controller, a compromise between the needed HRT and the H2 production was obtained.

Treatment of real industrial pharmaceutical wastewater using wet peroxide oxidation

AbstractThe presence of recalcitrant organic molecules with high amounts of chemical oxygen demand, low biodegradability, and lack of effective treatment for pharmaceutical wastewater result in environmental pollution. Batch wet peroxide oxidation (WPO) experiments have been performed to study the effect of temperature (150°C‐250°C), oxidant coefficient (OC 0‐3), and reaction time (20 minutes‐60 minutes) on degradation efficiency of industrial pharmaceutical wastewater. Box‐Behnken design (BBD) with response surface methodology was used to study the effect of independent parameters on total organic carbon (TOC) removal response. The optimum temperature, oxidant coefficient, and reaction time of the process were found to be 250°C, OC 3, and 60 minutes, which resulted in TOC conversion of 57.96%. The obtained quadratic model has been able to predict the response with minimum deviation. The experimental modelling results conveyed that influence of process parameters followed the order: temperature > time > oxidant coefficient. To improve the mineralization efficiency, process parameters were changed to attain the near complete conversion (~99%) of the pharmaceutical wastewater. The qualitative analysis also showed that only a few components of pharmaceuticals were present in the treated effluent.

Repeated Biodiesel Production Using a Cartridge Containing Solid Catalysts Manufactured from Waste Scallop Shells for Simultaneous Lipid Extraction and Transesterification Process

Biodiesel was produced from waste coffee grounds (WCGs) using solid catalysts manufactured from waste scallop shells through a one-step direct process (OSDP) comprising lipid extraction and simultaneous transesterification in a reactor. To facilitate the reuse of the solid catalysts, a cartridge containing the solid catalysts was devised, and the optimal conditions of the OSDP with the cartridge were investigated. Agitation speed was a critical factor for the operation of this novel process, and should be at least 200 rpm. The optimal total volume of the mixture consisting of methanol and n-hexane (9 mL/g-WCGs) was determined, along with the volume fraction of methanol (18.0%) and n-hexane (82.0%) using a statistical Mixture-Design technique. The optimum catalyst concentration (5.0 wt%), temperature (50°C), and reaction time (13 h) were determined through a Full Factorial Design, followed by a One-Factor-at-a-Time technique. Under these optimum conditions, 8.7% of biodiesel yield was obtained. The concentration of solid catalysts in the cartridge significantly influenced the reuse number of the cartridge. The cartridge containing 5.0 wt% of solid catalysts was reused only for the 2nd round of operation, while that containing 100 wt% of solid catalysts was successfully reused until the 12th round of operation, without a noticeable decrease in biodiesel yield.

Subcritical water hydrolysis of Phragmites for sugar extraction and catalytic conversion to platform chemicals

Phragmites karka, also known as common reed, is a perennial grass and a highly invasive crop species, which creates ecological problems by competing with native biodiversity and vegetation. This study involves subcritical water hydrolysis of Phragmites to produce monomeric sugars followed by the catalytic conversion of the sugar-rich hydrolysate to furfural and levulinic acid. Subcritical water hydrolysis was performed by the Central Composite Design method at variable temperatures (150–230 °C), reaction time (15–60 min) and feed concentration (2–5 wt%). The temperature was found to be the most prominent factor affecting biomass hydrolysis. The yield of total reducing sugars from biomass hydrolysis was in the range of 2.1–18.1% where the highest yield was obtained at the optimal temperature (190 °C), reaction time (37.5 min) and feed concentration (2 wt%). During subcritical water hydrolysis of Phragmites, two main degradation products obtained at a higher temperature (230 °C) and reaction time (37.5 min) were furfural (8.2%) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (11.7%). However, at 230 °C and a longer reaction time of 60 min, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yield reduced to 5.1% owing to its conversion to humin while furfural yield elevated to 9.9%. Catalysts such as ZrO2, TiO2, Zr0.5Ti0.5O2, WO3–ZrO2, WO3–TiO2 and WO3–Zr0.5Ti0.5O2 were involved in the conversion of the sugar-rich hydrolysate obtained from subcritical water hydrolysis of Phragmites. The highest sugar conversion was found to be 92% with WO3–ZrO2 resulting in the yields of furfural (51%) and levulinic acid (34%). The activity of particular catalysts (e.g. WO3–ZrO2, WO3–TiO2 and WO3–Zr0.5Ti0.5O2) relied on the synergistic effects of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites.

Reaction Tracking and High-Throughput Screening of Active Compounds in Combinatorial Chemistry by Tandem Mass Spectrometry Molecular Networking.

Combinatorial synthesis has been widely used as an efficient strategy to screen for active compounds. Mass spectrometry is the method of choice in the identification of hits resulting from high-throughput screenings due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and speed. However, manual data processing of mass spectrometry data, especially for structurally diverse products in combinatorial chemistry, is extremely time-consuming and one of the bottlenecks in this process. In this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a tandem mass spectrometry molecular networking-based strategy for product identification, reaction dynamics monitoring, and active compound targeting in combinatorial synthesis. Molecular networking connects compounds with similar tandem mass spectra into a cluster and has been widely used in natural products analysis. We show that both the expected and side products can be readily characterized using molecular networking based on their mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns. Additionally, time-dependent molecular networking was integrated to track reaction dynamics to determine the optimal reaction time to maximize target product yields. We also present a proof-of-concept experiment that successfully identified and isolated active molecules from a dynamic combinatorial library. These results demonstrated the potential of using molecular networking for identifying, tracking, and high-throughput screening of active compounds in combinatorial synthesis.

Preparation and characterization of water-swellable hydrogel-forming porous cellulose beads

Water-swellable hydrogel-forming porous cellulose beads (HFPCBs) were obtained from a single-step thermal reaction between urea and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate on porous cellulose beads (PCBs). The HFPCBs maintained the interconnected porous structure of the PCBs and featured a specific surface area of 36.5 m2/g. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated the introduction of cellulose phosphate carbamate into the HFPCBs. At the optimum reaction composition and time, HFPCBs showed a maximum centrifuge retention capacity of approximately 50 g/g in deionized water. The swelling behavior of the HFPCBs followed the second-order kinetics model. Despite their highly porous structure, HFPCBs had a compressive strength of several tens of kilopascal in the swollen state. To demonstrate their potential application, the swollen HFPCBs were successfully used for the germination of plant seeds.

Effect of variation in sleep onset timing on simple visual reaction time in business process outsourcing employees of Hyderabad, Telangana

Background: From the past decade, changes in various dimensions of lifestyles of the individuals have become inevitable which is evident in sleep onset timing variation like never before. Not only business process outsourcing (BPO) employees, other professions such as doctors, nurses, and police personnel are trying to align their life against the natural circadian rhythm. Due to chronic alterations in sleep onset timing on regular basis, there is a possibility of cognitive domain aberrations in human beings which will eventually affect the quality of life. Optimum reaction time (RT) is very important factor for hassle free day-to-day activities. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to know the effect of sleep onset variation on simple visual RT (VRT). Materials and Methods: Group A includes 60 healthy, male subjects within the age group of 24–30 years who are working in BPO having shift work pattern. Group B includes 60 healthy, age- and sex-matched individuals working only in the daytime. VRT of all the individuals was estimated between 10:00 and 11:00 am using Gary-Darby RT software, version-V4.0. Institute ethical clearance was obtained before conducting the research work. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Results: Mean average VRT and mean longest VRT of Group A and Group B are 0.44 ± 0.26, 0.68 ± 0.36 s and 0.26 ± 0.16, 0.44 ± 0.18 s, respectively. Analysis of statistical data was done by Student’s t-test and P ˂ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. For average VRT and longest VRT ‘P’ is less than 0.05. Conclusion: From above data, chronic variation in sleep onset timing is significantly affecting simple VRT.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-chlorophenol using Lanthanum Oxide Nano-particles under UVC/Vis Irradiation

ABSTRACTPhotocatalytic oxidation using novel photo-catalysts has been considered as an effective method for destruction of recalcitrant organics. In this study, photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) using lanthanum Oxide nanoparticles (LONPs) was investigated under UVC/Vis irradiation. Effect of operational parameters including pH (2 – 11), catalyst content (250-3000 mg L-1), contact time (20 - 180 min) 4-CP concentration (25- 400 mgL-1) were investigated according to one factor at the time experimental procedure. Highest removal efficiency of 4-CP was observed at pH =7. Result was indicated that the removal of 4-CP was increased from 76% to 92%, with increasing catalyst dosage from 0.25 to 1 g L-1. Then, a decrease was observed in 4-CP removal with an enhancement in catalyst dosage from 1 to 3 g L-1. Highest 4-CP removal (98%) was observed at the initial concentration of 25 mg L-1. At the contact time from 20 to 60 min, removal efficiency of 4-CP was increased from 24% to 64%, respectively. The contact time was increased to 120 min, removal efficiency of 4-CP was increased to 100%. Therefore, the optimal reaction time was 100 min. The AOS indices was showed an increasing trend of mineralization. In other words, the process of degradation of 4-CP was improved with photocatalytic degradation by UVC-La2O3. Among the kinetic models, the pseudo-first order model due to the highest correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.991 for the La2O3-UVC process.

Auxiliary Fiber Art Creation Design Based on Conductive Fiber Textile Wireless Structure Sensor

The integration of fiber materials into modern pottery creation is an attempt to explore its boundaries as a specific material and art form. Fiber materials, such as fabric and paper, are not resistant to high temperatures, and the clay attached to them can retain the surface texture, texture, and original three‐dimensional form of the fiber materials intact during the kiln firing process, making up for the defects of single material molding and maintaining the visual effect of ultrathin and highly translucent works. The light source inside the work is more conducive to creating a specific artistic atmosphere. The purpose of this paper is to explore how fiber materials become the basis of ceramic works and the source of decorative expression, so that this expression and process can be systematically analyzed and interpreted in the application of ceramic art creation. Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology, electronics, and optical technology, people’s clothing fabrics have been increasing in demand in terms of function and appearance. This paper focuses on the research and development of fiber textiles from the field of science and technology and discusses the current status of fiber textiles and the possibility of combining fiber art with science and technology. In this paper, wood cellulose‐multiwalled carbon nanotube/wood cellulose composite films were prepared, as well as wood cellulose films and wood cellulose/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films. The optimal reaction time for the preparation of the films was 2 h, and the optimal reaction temperature was 70°C. Experimental results show that the dispersibility of multilayer carbon nanotubes in wood cellulose multilayer carbon nanotubes/wood cellulose composite films in wood cellulose multilayer carbon nanotubes composite films is superior. If the amount of multilayered carbon nanotubes was 3 wt%, the fracture point extension and accessibility of the wood cellulose multilayer carbon nanotubes/wood cellulose composite film are 12.2% and 106.7 MPa, respectively. It is 93.7%, respectively. 10.7% is higher than wood cellulose/multilayered carbon nanotube composite films.

Penentuan Kadar Selulosa Asetat pada Daun Tanaman Puring (Codiaeum variegatum) sebagai Penyerap Timbal di Udara

Pollution is one of the environmental problems in developing countries. Sources of pollution can be caused by nature and due to human actions. One of the air pollution sources is heavy metal content of Pb which is not easily decomposed in nature so that it can contaminate the environment. In Puring plants, especially the leaves have cellulose acetate which can filter heavy metals. The purpose of this study was the manufacturing of cellulose acetate from the leaves of the Puring plant. The cellulose obtained from the simplicia of leaves of the Puring plant will then be reacted into cellulose acetate through the acetylation reaction process using acetic anhydride with variations in temperature and reaction time taken, namely 40, 50, 60° C and as long as 50, 55, and 60 minutes. The levels of cellulose acetate were obtained through the cellulose extraction process, the synthesis of cellulose acetate and the final stage of making the membrane, from this process the optimum temperature and reaction time results were obtained in the second experiment with a temperature and reaction time of 50°C each and for 55 minutes without applying a catalyst 12.40%. In addition, the weight variation of raw material powder was taken, namely 20, 40, 60, 80, and 120 mg using a certain concentration of Pb (II) solution to determine the adsorbent capacity. These results can be obtained from analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR).

Immobilization of Dextranase on Nano-Hydroxyapatite as a Recyclable Catalyst.

The immobilization technology provides a potential pathway for enzyme recycling. Here, we evaluated the potential of using dextranase immobilized onto hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a promising inorganic material. The optimal immobilization temperature, reaction time, and pH were determined to be 25 °C, 120 min, and pH 5, respectively. Dextranase could be loaded at 359.7 U/g. The immobilized dextranase was characterized by field emission gun-scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The hydrolysis capacity of the immobilized enzyme was maintained at 71% at the 30th time of use. According to the constant temperature acceleration experiment, it was estimated that the immobilized dextranase could be stored for 99 days at 20 °C, indicating that the immobilized enzyme had good storage properties. Sodium chloride and sodium acetic did not desorb the immobilized dextranase. In contrast, dextranase was desorbed by sodium fluoride and sodium citrate. The hydrolysates were 79% oligosaccharides. The immobilized dextranase could significantly and thoroughly remove the dental plaque biofilm. Thus, immobilized dextranase has broad potential application in diverse fields in the future.

Optimizing levulinic acid from cellulose catalyzed by HY-zeolite immobilized ionic liquid (HY-IL) using response surface methodology

Levulinic acid (LA) is an ideal platform chemical with various applications. Ionic liquid,1,4-methyl sulfonic acid imidazolium tetrachloroaluminate ([MSIM][AlCl4]) has been immobilized into HY zeolite and tested for the conversion of cellulose to LA. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box–Behnken design (BBD), was employed to identify the optimum conditions for LA production. Experimental results indicate that the second-order model was sufficient for all independent variables with R 2 = 0.90. The optimum temperature, reaction time, catalyst dosage, and feedstock loading for cellulose conversion are 200 °C, 7 h, 0.6 g, and 0.3 g, respectively with LA yield of 27.2%. Meanwhile, the LA yield from oil palm frond (OPF) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) at the optimum condition is 24.1% and 21.3%, respectively. The efficiency of OPF and EFB for LA production is 75% and 72%, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of HY-IL for biomass conversion to levulinic acid under mild condition

Activation of Soluble Polysaccharides with 1-Cyano-4-Dimethylaminopyridine Tetrafluoroborate (CDAP) for Use in Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines and Immunological Reagents. III Optimization of CDAP Activation.

CDAP (1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridine tetrafluoroborate) is employed in the synthesis of conjugate vaccines as a cyanylating reagent. In the published method, which used pH 9 activation at 20 °C (Vaccine, 14:190, 1996), the rapid reaction made the process difficult to control. Here, we describe optimizing CDAP activation using dextran as a model polysaccharide. CDAP stability and reactivity were determined as a function of time, pH and temperature. While the rate of dextran activation was slower at lower pH and temperature, it was balanced by the increased stability of CDAP, which left more reagent available for reaction. Whereas maximal activation took less than 2.5 min at pH 9 and 20 °C, it took 10–15 min at 0 °C. At pH 7 and 0 °C, the optimal time increased to >3 h to achieve a high level of activation. Many buffers interfered with CDAP activation, but DMAP could be used to preadjust the pH of polysaccharide solutions so that the pH only needed to be maintained. We found that the stability of the activated dextran was relatively independent of pH over the range of pH 1–9, with the level of activation decreased by 40–60% over 2 h. The use of low temperature and a less basic pH, with an optimum reaction time, requires less CDAP, improving activation levels while making the process more reliable and easier to scale up.

Conductive Polyaniline Doped with Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antistatic Application.

A novel method was conducted to synthesize conductive polyaniline (PANI) doped with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) (PANDB) in xylene by using chemical oxidative polymerization at 25 °C. Meanwhile, the synthesis process was photographed. Results showed as the reaction time was increased, and the color of the product was gradually turned into dark green. The influence of different synthesis time on properties of synthesized PANDB was then examined by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), a four-point measurement method, and a Field-emittance scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The result indicated that the optimum reaction time was 24 h with conductivity at around 2.03 S/cm. FE-SEM images and the conductivity testing showed that the more needle-like shapes in resulted PANDB, the higher the conductivity. The synthesized PANDB solution was blended with UV curable coating firstly and then coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet. The UV coating/PANDB conductive composite films displayed an impressive translucency along with an adequate flexibility at room temperature. The UV coating/PANDB conductive composite film on PET sheet was flexible, transparent, and with antistatic function.

Optimization of reaction time for detection of organophosphorus pesticides by enzymatic inhibition assay and mathematical modeling of enzyme inhibition

Enzyme inhibition assay was used as a biomarker for detection of organophosphates pesticides in food and environmental samples. The aim of the present study was to optimize the time of enzyme–inhibitor reaction for quantitative determination of fenitrothion organophosphate based on cholinesterase inhibition. The results showed that this method provides a time-efficient, best linearity and simple assay. The effect of reaction time on the linearity relationship of the noncompetitive inhibition equation was studied. The best linearity of the assay was found at an optimum reaction time of 3.0 min, with coefficient of determination r 2 of 0.9972, in the range of inhibitor concentrations from 0.016 to 2.0 mg mL−1. The enzyme inhibition reached a plateau at 5 min by addition of pesticide in vitro and then the inhibited enzyme reactivate spontaneously and approached steady state at 20 min. A theoretical kinetic model to explain the effect of reaction time on the enzyme inhibition by addition of pesticide in vitro was derived. The higher values of coefficient of determination r 2 for the predicted model and error functions of the minimum deviations suggest that this model can be used to represent the experimental data and explain the plasma cholinesterase inhibition by fenitrothion pesticide.

Development of a Novel Homogeneous Nanoparticle-Based Assay for Rapid and High-Throughput Quantitation of the sST2 Protein in Human Serum.

PurposeThe suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) protein is a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family with the transmembrane (ST2L) and soluble (sST2) subtypes and plays an important role in several diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish and validate a novel amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous immunoassay (AlphaLISA) for the detection of sST2 in human serum.Materials and MethodsBased on a sandwich-type immunoassay format, sST2 was captured using two different anti-sST2 antibodies. One of the antibodies was biotinylated while the other one was coated with AlphaLISA chemibeads. Thereafter, multiple tests were conducted to optimize the working conditions and validate analytical performance.ResultsThe optimum concentration of the biotinylated antibodies was 1 μg/mL while the optimal dilution ratio for the anti-sST2 antibodies and conjugated chemibeads was 1:500. In addition, the optimal antigen-antibody reaction time was 15 minutes (min). Notably, the developed method showed a short turnaround time of about 25 min. Moreover, the assay exhibited high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.176 ng/mL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.8 ng/mL. Furthermore, the intra-assay precision and inter-assay precision values were 5.29–7.10% and 9.41%–13.66%, respectively. It is also noteworthy that the test results deviated by less than ±10% when samples had ≤10.0 ng/mL of triglycerides, ≤0.5 mmol/L of bilirubin, ≤5.0 g/L of triglyceride, and ≤250 μg/L of biotin. Additionally, the developed assay was almost consistent with the commercially available PresageTM ST2 assay kit, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.916 and an R2 of 0.963 as well as a slope of 0.957 from linear regression analysis.ConclusionThe present study showed that the sandwich AlphaLISA is a rapid, high-throughput, and reliable test for studying the levels of sST2 in a variety of diseases.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of Proton Exchange Polymer Membrane Properties of Sulfonated Copolymer Eugenol-diallyl Phthalate

Synthesis biopolymer of sulfonated copolymer eugenol-diallyl phthalate (PEGDAF), its characterization, and study of proton exchange polymer membrane properties had been done. This synthesis was conducted by eugenol and diallyl phthalate reaction to form PEGDAF, which is sulfonated using sulfuric acid. In addition, the functional groups of the PEGDAF and its sulfonated form were analyzed using FT-IR. Furthermore, the polymer properties were determined by measuring values of sulfonation degree, cation exchange capacity, proton conductivity, and water uptake. FT-IR spectra showed that the vinyl group had been added to the process of PEGDAF formation, while spectra deconvolution was used to confirm the occurrence of sulfonation reaction. The sulfonation of PEGDAF in 2 h optimum reaction time produces a black solid with a melting point of 133 °C in 16.55% yield. The highest proton conductivity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and water uptake were 8.334 × 10–6 S cm–1, 0.44 meq/g, and 73.0%, respectively.