Mechanical pressing stands out as a widely adopted method for plant oil extraction in rural areas due to its simplicity and lower initial investment. This process requires seed conditioning and adjusted pressing parameters to enhance oil recovery. Previous studies have focused primarily on optimising oil recovery. In a sustainable approach, additional parameters such as specific energy and throughput should be considered due to their impact on production costs. This study aims to balance optimal oil recovery, energy efficiency, and economic viability in peanut oil mechanical extraction. Employing a Box Behnken design, the impact of shell ratio (5%, 10%, and 15%), steaming duration (10 min, 20 min, and 30 min), and rotational speed (20 rpm, 45 rpm, and 70 rpm) on specific energy of pressing stage, oil recovery, and throughput were investigated. Results show specific energy ranging from 50.7 Wh kg -1 to 96.3 Wh kg -1 and oil recovery ranging from 83.2% to 91.0%. Both responses were predominantly influenced by rotational speed. Specifically, lower rotational speed led to increased specific energy and higher oil recovery. A desirability function was introduced to perform multivariate optimisation, assigning response importance based on their influence on oil production cost. The results revealed an optimum point at 70 rpm, 5% shell ratio, and 20 min steaming duration, corresponding to a desirability value of 0.61. This optimum corresponds to a minimised specific energy (49.2 Wh kg -1 ) and maximised throughput (10.9 kg h -1 ), while providing an acceptable oil recovery (86.2%). This research provides valuable insights into optimising peanut oil mechanical extraction, considering energy efficiency and economic viability. • Shell addition, steaming and rotational speed affected peanut oil extraction. • Energy use and oil recovery were optimized simultaneously in mechanical pressing. • A cost-based desirability function supported multivariable optimisation. • Throughput, oil recovery and energy were weighted to define optimal settings.

A novel three-stage direct expansion cycle with optimal internal heat recovery and splitting-mixing processes for utilising LNG’s cold energy

Recovery from knee replacement surgery in conventional orthopaedic healthcare systems can be delayed due to high costs, pain, limited monitoring, and insufficient follow-up, which may hinder early detection of poor healing and inflammation. This study presents a smart orthopaedic healthcare model for knee replacement recovery, where integrated sensors support continuous monitoring and improve the rehabilitation process, thereby reducing delays associated with traditional care systems. A mathematical modelling approach based on compartmental modelling and fractional-order dynamics is used to represent delayed healing responses following total knee replacement surgery. The analysis shows that prolonged delays in monitoring and treatment can lead to unstable recovery patterns, resulting in fluctuations in knee function and inflammation levels. To improve recovery outcomes, the study demonstrates that intelligent sensing devices providing real-time feedback effectively reduce inflammation and enhance joint performance. Results show that when delays are minimised, near-complete restoration of knee function is achieved (≥ 98%), accompanied by optimal inflammation suppression and functional recovery. However, in the presence of delays, recovery remains substantially improved, particularly in terms of inflammation control (≈ 92%), although overall functional gains and recovery efficiency are comparatively reduced. Overall, this work highlights the importance of early inflammation management and feedback-assisted rehabilitation in maintaining knee stability and accelerating recovery. The proposed model provides a theoretical foundation for developing advanced rehabilitation strategies and intelligent device-assisted therapies in smart orthopaedic healthcare systems.

Bilateral clavicle fractures represent one of the rarest patterns of shoulder girdle trauma, occurring predominantly after high-energy mechanisms and posing unique challenges in diagnosis and management. Their simultaneous disruption compromises both clavicular struts, resulting in impaired shoulder biomechanics and necessitating timely stabilization for optimal functional recovery. A 25-year-old male sustained high-velocity trauma following a motorcycle accident and presented with severe bilateral shoulder pain, deformity, swelling, and markedly restricted arm elevation. Neurological and distal vascular examinations were normal. Radiographs demonstrated displaced bilateral midshaft clavicle fractures (Allman Group I), with no associated thoracic or systemic injuries. Due to significant displacement and bilateral involvement, open reduction and internal fixation was performed using 8-hole titanium anatomical locking plates on both sides through an anterior approach. Stable fixation was confirmed intraoperatively. Early pendulum exercises were initiated, followed by progressive passive and active range-of-motion rehabilitation. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. At 1 month, the patient achieved shoulder abduction of 110° on the right and 100° on the left, with full muscle strength bilaterally. Serial imaging demonstrated progressive fracture consolidation with maintained anatomical alignment. Bilateral displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, though rare, can be effectively managed with anatomical locking plate fixation, providing stable reconstruction and permitting early mobilization. This case reinforces the value of operative intervention in high-energy bilateral clavicular injuries, contributing to the limited but growing evidence guiding treatment of this uncommon trauma pattern.

Corneal perforations are defined by a total loss of the various corneal layers of varying significance, which may be of infectious, traumatic, trophic, immunological, or inflammatory origin, affecting both the functional and anatomical prognosis of the eye. Management involves closing the corneal perforation as soon as possible for optimal anatomical and functional recovery. Objective: To define Tenon patch grafting as an effective and promising surgical technique in the management of corneal perforations, especially in developing countries with good anatomical and functional results. Methods: Prospective study collecting epidemiological and clinical data as well as anatomical and functional outcomes of 24 patients treated with this surgical technique over a one-year period, between January 2021 and December 2021; whose follow-up was conducted both by the slit lamp and anterior segment OCT during the follow-up period. Results: The Tenon's capsule graft has demonstrated its effectiveness in the management of corneal perforations, with immediate closure of the corneal perforation achieved in 23 cases, representing 95.83% of our study. Regarding the functional outcomes of our series, the mean final visual acuity was 2.04 Log MAR. Our study has demonstrated that the OCT of the anterior segment constitutes a non-invasive, effective, and objective means in the follow-up period. Conclusion: Tenon graft is effective, promising, and less costly surgical technique, as shown by several studies, particularly useful when corneal grafts are not available and especially in emergencies.

Post-stroke insomnia (PSI) is a critical biological barrier to neurorehabilitation afflicting over half of all stroke survivors. Traditional sedatives often force clinicians into a therapeutic dilemma between sleep efficacy and cognitive suppression. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis has recently emerged as a transformative target to resolve this impasse. Acute stroke triggers profound autonomic dysfunction, causing immediate intestinal barrier collapse. This "leaky gut" facilitates the systemic translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. The resulting inflammatory storm hijacks central tryptophan metabolism via the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme. This "tryptophan steal" diverts serotonin precursors toward neurotoxic kynurenine pathways, driving severe cortical hyperarousal. Sleep fragmentation then prevents the glymphatic system from clearing metabolic waste, further exacerbating neuroinflammation. To break this vicious cycle of neurotoxicity, we propose a phase-dependent therapeutic framework. During the highly vulnerable acute phase, interventions must prioritize gut barrier protection using postbiotics to mitigate infection risks under CNS injury-induced immunodepression (CIDS), often discussed as stroke-induced immunosuppression. As patients enter the chronic phase, therapy shifts toward metabolic restoration using live therapeutics, such as washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) and next-generation psychobiotics like Akkermansia muciniphila. Targeting the MGB axis offers a mechanism-based strategy to achieve precision sleep medicine, restoring the biological foundation necessary for optimal neuroplasticity and recovery.

The association between preoperative computed tomography -determined muscle characteristics and postoperative recovery in physical functioning and physical performance in patients undergoing gastrointestinal or lung cancer surgery.

Background: Arytenoid cartilage dislocation (ACD) is a rare but clinically significant complication of endotracheal intubation that may be misdiagnosed as transient vocal cord paralysis. The potential role of prolonged surgical positioning in ACD remains underrecognized. Methods: A 63-year-old male developed left posterior ACD following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) performed in a steep Trendelenburg position for 3.5 h. Intubation was successfully achieved on the first attempt using a video laryngoscope with full glottic visualization and no apparent airway trauma. Postoperatively, the patient developed persistent dysphonia, dysphagia, aspiration, and tongue deviation. Initial flexible laryngoscopy suggested left vocal cord paralysis, whereas direct laryngoscopy on postoperative day 6 confirmed posterior arytenoid dislocation. Urgent closed reduction was performed, followed by structured voice therapy, which resulted in substantial functional recovery. Discussion: This case illustrates that ACD may occur despite technically optimal and atraumatic intubation and should be interpreted as reflecting a temporal association rather than a definitive causal relationship. Prolonged steep Trendelenburg positioning and extended operative duration may be considered potential contributing biomechanical factors, possibly mediated by venous congestion, mucosal edema, altered endotracheal tube dynamics, and cumulative shear stress on the cricoarytenoid joint. However, these mechanisms remain interpretive and hypothesis-generating. Conclusions: Prolonged steep Trendelenburg positioning and extended operative duration may represent possible contributing biomechanical factors in ACD, even in the setting of atraumatic intubation. Early laryngeal evaluation and timely reduction remain essential for optimal functional recovery.

In this study, suites of wire line logs and core data from four oil wells in a field in the Niger Delta was analyzed using stratified modified Lorenz plot (SML) in order to ascertain the flow zones and establish reservoir heterogeneity for optimal production planning and maximum recovery efficiency. SML plot uses conventional porosity, permeability logs and cores data in a simple cross plotting technique where Shaly intervals on the SML plot tend horizontal to low-angle while sandy intervals with the highest proportion in total cumulative storage capacity and cumulative slow has a steeper gradient-slope on the SML plot. Results from the SML cross-plot of cumulative flow capacity and cumulative storage capacity using well log data identified 57 flow units. For the four wells studied using the core data, 24 flow units were delineated and the value obtained from the stratified modified Lorenz plot (SML) ranges between 0.12 to 0.5 and 0 to 0.56 respectively. The findings indicates that the greater portion of the reservoirs in the area were homogenous maximization of the production of the hydrocarbon from the field in the Niger Delta area.

Background. Technological advances in contemporary drug-eluting stents (DES) have significantly improved the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, most studies focus on traditional clinical endpoints, while the impact of modern PCI technologies on functional recovery and return to physical activity remains less well defined. Aim. This review aimed to examine the relationship between contemporary PCI, vascular healing, and restoration of exercise capacity, with particular emphasis on cardiac rehabilitation. Material and methods. A narrative review of current literature was performed, focusing on vascular healing after PCI, endothelial recovery with newer-generation DES, thrombotic and bleeding risks during exercise, and the role of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. Results. Modern DES characterized by thinner struts and improved biocompatibility are associated with enhanced vascular healing and lower rates of late stent thrombosis. These features may support safer return to physical activity. However, exercise capacity depends not only on coronary patency but also on microvascular function, peripheral conditioning, and participation in rehabilitation programs. Cardiac rehabilitation plays a key role in improving fitness, quality of life, and long-term physical activity. Conclusions. Contemporary PCI provides a stable basis for safe rehabilitation and physical activity. Optimal recovery requires integration of interventional treatment with structured exercise programs and individualized management. Future studies should include standardized functional outcomes.

This study aimed to validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and optimize a sample preparation procedure for the analysis of four artificial sweeteners—acesulfame potassium, sodium saccharin, sucralose, and aspartame—in dairy matrices. The method demonstrated high specificity and excellent linearity (r2 ≥ 0.999). The LOD values ranged from 0.002 to 0.103 mg/L, and the LOQ values ranged from 0.007 to 0.312 mg/L. The method’s accuracy was 84.40%–103.97%, and the precision was within a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.67%. All these results met both the AOAC and ICH guidelines. Minimal matrix effects (within ± 10%) ensured reliable quantification, while optimal recovery was achieved by using 0.6 mL each of potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate for deproteinization. Inter-laboratory validation showed recovery rates of 90.89%–102.74% with ≤ 7.78% RSD, supporting the robustness of the method. The validated method was applied to 40 dairy product samples, including fermented milk, processed milk, thick fermented milk, and lactic acid bacteria beverages. The detected concentrations of acesulfame potassium and sucralose complied with the Korean Food Code limits, respectively. Sodium saccharin was not detected in any samples, consistent with its prohibition. Aspartame was detected only in fermented milk, with concentrations of 65.08–269.42 mg/kg. The validated method reliably assessed compliance with national standards for artificial sweeteners and demonstrated suitability for monitoring artificial sweeteners in dairy products.

Although CD4 recovery has been widely studied, its long-term temporal dynamics and phase-specific characteristics in the modern ART era remain incompletely characterized. This retrospective cohort study included adults with HIV in Nanjing, China, who initiated ART between 2010 and 2019 and maintained viral suppression. The optimal CD4 recovery trajectory model was identified using piecewise linear mixed-effects models with exhaustive grid search. Cumulative probability curves estimated probabilities of CD4 count recovery to ≥500 and ≥350 cells/μL. 2611 individuals contributing 22 970 person-years and 37 959 observations were analyzed. The best-fitting model identified a 4-phase CD4 recovery trajectory with breakpoints at 0.5, 2.5, and 6 years, characterized by the fastest increase during 0-0.5 years (265.4 cells/μL/year), progressive slowing during 0.5-2.5 and 2.5-6 years, and modest growth beyond 6 years (8.6 cells/μL/year). Cumulative probabilities of reaching both thresholds rose steadily but decelerated markedly after 6 years. When stratified by baseline CD4 counts at ART initiation, compared with the 350-499 subgroup, the <200 subgroup showed slower early CD4 count gains (≤49: -57.9; 50-199: -40.3 cells/μL/year) during 0-0.5 years, but accelerated increases during 0.5-2.5 years (≤49: +28.3; 50-199: +10.2 cells/μL/year) that persisted after 6 years (≤49: +4.7; 50-199: +5.3 cells/μL/year). Cumulative probabilities of reaching both thresholds in the <200 subgroup increased continuously throughout follow-up, whereas those with higher baseline levels plateaued at 6 years. CD4 recovery under sustained viral suppression followed a phase-specific trajectory. Individuals with advanced immunosuppression showed delayed but sustained CD4 recovery. These findings may help understand when CD4 recovery approaches its maximal potential.

This paper investigates solution strategies for nonlinear problems in Hilbert spaces, such as nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in Sobolev spaces, when only finite measurements are available. We formulate this as a nonlinear optimal recovery problem, establishing its well-posedness and proving its convergence to the true solution as the number of measurements increases. However, the resulting formulation might not have a finite-dimensional solution in general. We thus present a sufficient condition for the finite dimensionality of the solution, applicable to problems with well-defined point evaluation measurements. To address the broader setting, we introduce a relaxed nonlinear optimal recovery and provide a detailed convergence analysis. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate that our formulations and theoretical findings offer a comprehensive framework for solving nonlinear problems in infinite-dimensional spaces with limited data.

Psychotic disorders substantially impact individuals psychologically, occupationally, and socially. Although modifiable risk factors such as insecure attachment styles, history of psychological trauma, and substance use disorders (of which cannabis is the most frequent) are known to increase risk, it remains unclear how they may interact with each other to create pathways of vulnerability. More importantly, it is also unknown to what extent patients and their families recognize and address these risks to prevent illness, or support recovery. To address this gap, this study aimed to explore how patients and their family members understand the role of attachment, trauma, and cannabis use in the onset and recovery from psychotic disorders. Ultimately, these findings will be used to better inform interventions needed to support optimal recovery. Patients and family members were recruited from the Early Psychosis Intervention Program in Saskatoon and the Schizophrenia Society of Saskatchewan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 patients experiencing first-episode psychosis and 9 family members of individuals with psychosis. Data was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke’s 6-phase framework. Strategies such as reflexive journaling and triangulation across participant groups were used to ensure rigour. Three major themes were generated. Theme 1 described the pre-help seeking period, marked by early confusion and misinterpretation of emerging psychotic symptoms, which often led to delays in initial help seeking, and created emergency situations. Theme 2 outlines the illness period itself, and describes participants understandings of trauma, attachment, and cannabis. While they partially understood their role in illness severity, these risks were rarely understood to have a cumulative role that create pathways of vulnerability in their illness. Finally, Theme 3 highlights recovery, which was often understood to be facilitated by family relationships, psychoeducation provided by specialized clinics, and renewed hope. Our findings reveal that patients and their families often have varying and inadequate understanding of the common risk factors affecting early psychosis. While the psychoeducation offered in the specialized clinic is highly valued and meaningful to recovery, it is not always accessible or sufficient to alleviate these risks. The results highlight the necessity for targeted interventions aimed at increasing knowledge translation and treatment engagement.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective technologies for addressing the growing threat of water pollution to the eco-environment and human health. In spite of continuous improvements in decontamination achieved through laboratory-scale research over decades, converting these scientific achievements into reliable, large-scale engineering solutions remains challenging. This gap primarily stems from the mismatch between research priorities and practical engineering requirements, specifically reflected in significant differences in catalyst application, reactor configuration, byproduct management, treatment objects, and operating conditions. Accordingly, we reveal the engineering understanding and research achievements in these areas and, meanwhile, propose insights to shift research priorities based on engineering bottlenecks to accelerate the implementation of AOPs. By evaluating emerging strategies such as precise oxidation, sustainable system design, machine-learning-assisted optimization, and resource recovery, this perspective provides future development directions for AOPs. Shifting from the pursuit of isolated academic indicators to a comprehensive and engineering-oriented scientific research paradigm is further proposed. Effective dialogue and collaboration between fundamental research and engineering practice are conducive to accelerating the deployment of AOPs in real-world water remediation.

Nitrogen (N) is essential for bacterial growth, and adaptation to N starvation involves extensive reprogramming of metabolism and gene expression. A hallmark subcellular feature in long-term N-starved Escherichia coli cells is the presence of biomolecular condensates of the major bacterial RNA regulator Hfq. The Hfq condensates, which accumulate gradually during N starvation, contribute to adaptation by modulating RNA metabolism and central metabolic pathways. Metabolites play central roles in stress responses, often acting as modulators of protein function to support survival and recovery. Glutathione (GSH), a universal stress protectant, has broad roles in bacterial stress adaptation, yet its function during N starvation remains unexplored. Using a GSH-deficient mutant (ΔgshAB), we show that GSH is required for optimal survival and recovery from prolonged N starvation. We reveal that GSH regulates the temporal dynamics of Hfq condensation and dissipation during N starvation and recovery from N starvation, respectively, via an as-yet unknown mechanism. However, the contribution of GSH to survival during and recovery from N starvation and Hfq condensation dynamics seems to be unlinked. Overall, the results point to a role for GSH in the adaptive response to N starvation, potentially extending its canonical function as a stress protectant.IMPORTANCENitrogen is a vital nutrient for bacterial growth. When nitrogen becomes scarce, bacteria must quickly adapt to survive. Escherichia coli forms tiny structures called Hfq condensates, which help manage genetic information flow and metabolism. Small molecules called metabolites aid bacteria in coping with stress, and one such molecule, glutathione (GSH), protects cells under various stress conditions. GSH's role during nitrogen starvation is unknown. We used an E. coli mutant unable to produce GSH and found that these bacteria struggle to survive and recover from nitrogen starvation. We also discovered that GSH helps control when and how Hfq condensates form and disappear. Although these two functions seem unrelated, our study highlights GSH's versatile role in helping bacteria adapt to nitrogen stress.

Linear cryptanalysis has long served as a cornerstone in the security analysis of symmetric-key cryptanalytic primitives. Through more than 30 years of community efforts, it has become routine to use automated tools to search for the optimal linear approximations. In stark contrast, the key recovery part is still far from automation and optimization. The situation became even more challenging after the work of Flórez-Gutiérrez and Todo [FT24], where the newly introduced Walsh Spectrum Puncturing (WSP) technique brought a large number of candidate key recovery map approximations. In this paper, we formally prove that the approximate key recovery map proposed by [FT24] is the optimal strategy for Bit Puncturing and LAT Subspace Puncturing. We then propose an MILP model to automatically search for the optimal approximate key recovery map for WSP. The automated model is used to improve the linear key recovery attack on the AES finalist Serpent and the ISO standard PRESENT. We reduce the time complexity of the 12-round Serpent key recovery attack to 2184.8 (from 2189.7) for Serpent-192 and to 2200.4 (from 2210.4) for Serpent-256. For PRESENT-128, we update the key recovery attack on its 29-round variant, and extend the attack to 30 rounds for the first time.

Background: Distal femur fractures constitute a small but challenging group of injuries that demand precise fixation for optimal recovery. The dynamic condylar screw (DCS) system provides angular stability and allows controlled compression at the fracture site. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of DCS fixation in patients with distal femur fractures treated at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 26 patients diagnosed radiographically with distal femur fractures and managed surgically using dynamic condylar screw fixation between January and December 2022. Patients aged 20–65 years were included. Postoperative progress, union rate, and functional outcomes were assessed both clinically and radiographically. Results: Of the 26 patients, 76.9% were males and 23.1% females. The majority (46.15%) were aged 41–60 years. The average operative time was 78 ± 6.15 minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 8.5 ± 2.5 days. Complications included one nonunion, two superficial infections, and one implant failure. Based on Neer’s criteria, the final outcomes were excellent in 61.54%, good in 23.07%, fair in 11.54%, and poor in 3.85% of cases. The overall union rate was 94.84%, with a range of motion between 10° and 130°. Conclusion: Dynamic condylar screw fixation offers reliable results with excellent union rates and functional recovery when performed with proper surgical expertise. It remains an effective method for managing distal femur fractures, especially in settings with limited resources. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2024; 16(2): 20-23

Ultra-endurance running presents significant physiological demands, with adequate nutritional intake being critical for optimal preparation, performance, and recovery. However, athletes of this sport often consume an insufficient diet. Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually with ten recreational ultra-endurance runners (age mean ± standard deviation 46 ± 12 years; eight male, two female), all with experience competing in ultra-endurance events, to explore their ultra-endurance experience, dietary intake, nutrition knowledge, and gastrointestinal symptom management. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed in accordance with the COM-B model and the Theoretical Domains Framework. Themes were defined under each of the three COM-B model components: Capability: (1) knowledge and skills, (2) the intention-behaviour challenge; Opportunity: (1) facilitators and barriers to optimal nutrition, (2) information sourcing and learning; and Motivation: (1) drivers of nutrition behaviours, (2) risk perceptions' influence on fuelling strategies. Participants demonstrated strong psychological capability, that is, awareness of nutrition's importance, yet limited behavioural regulation to translate this knowledge into practice. Nutrition strategies were largely self-directed, relying on peers and social media over professional support. Fear of gastrointestinal symptoms and time pressures further shaped dietary decisions. These findings emphasise the importance of evidence-based nutrition guidance to support performance and recovery while minimising gastrointestinal symptom risk. For practitioners and self-coached athletes, recommendations should reflect the practical realities and competing demands of ultra-endurance runners' daily lives and be feasible within real-world settings.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) rehabilitation is a multifactorial process that requires the integration of strength restoration, neuromuscular control, biomechanical symmetry, and objective return-to-sport criteria to achieve optimal functional recovery. Contemporary evidence supports criteria-based progression over purely time-based protocols, emphasizing performance-based decision-making to reduce reinjury risk and enhance long-term outcomes. However, variability persists in the implementation of rehabilitation progression models, biomechanical load management, and functional benchmarking strategies. This literature review synthesizes current evidence on postoperative ACLR rehabilitation and explores the theoretical integration of Body Engineering (BE) principles as a structured conceptual framework. BE conceptualizes rehabilitation as a dynamic systems process that systematically integrates biomechanical, physiological, and functional parameters into individualized progression pathways. By emphasizing objective assessment, load calibration, and functional symmetry restoration, this approach may enhance clinical decision-making and optimize recovery trajectories. Further empirical research is required to validate the clinical applicability and effectiveness of Body Engineering principles within standardized ACLR rehabilitation programs.