Optimal Mode Selection Research Articles

SELECTION OF A MRP SYSTEM FOR OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS

A number of serious problems arise in the development of sub-gas zones of oil and gas deposits due to the joint occurrence of oil and gas. The key problem is gas breakthrough from the gas cap to oil wells. This entails an increase in the gas factor (GOR), a rapid and intense decrease in pressure in the gas cap. If there is a reservoir pressure maintenance system or an active aquifer as a result of a decrease in reservoir pressure in the gas cap, oil may be pushed back into it, which leads to a rise in gas-oil contact, jamming of mobile oil in the «dry sandstones» of the gas cap, which in turn leads to a decrease in reserves of mobile oil and a decrease in the oil recovery factor (ORF). All this together allows us to consider oil in the sub-gas zones as hard-to-recover reserves.Preventing and combating the negative consequences of gas breakthrough from the gas cap to oil wells is a complex task and consists of several areas, such as selection of rational drilling of production and injection wells, selection of optimal operating modes for them, use of inflow control devices or performance of repair and isolation work to limit inflow from intervals with gas breakthrough, periodic shutdown of wells to disband gas cones. The ultimate goal of solving these problems is to increase the oil recovery factor and economic efficiency indicators for the development of sub-gas zones.Due to the variety of ways to optimize the development of oil and gas reservoirs, it is not possible to cover them all in one work, therefore, the tasks associated with optimizing the reservoir pressure maintenance system are considered. It is worth noting that in comparison with the development of oil reservoirs, the presence of a gas cap significantly complicates this task due to the lack of analytical solutions for three-phase filtration. For this reason, the selection of the optimal parameters of the reservoir pressure maintenance system is usually carried out either by multivariate calculations in the hydrodynamic model (HDM), or by the method of analogies or the implementation of pilot tests of various approaches.In this study, an approach based on multivariate numerical calculations using the sector model of the development element of the gas zone was used. As a result of calculations, it was shown that when choosing the optimal parameters of the reservoir pressure maintenance system, it is advisable to use a differentiated approach, which consists in the fact that these parameters must be set individually for zones with different ratios of oil-saturated and gas-saturated thicknesses.

Enhancing crack detection in railway tracks through AI-optimized ultrasonic guided wave modes

The utilization of ultrasonic guided wave technology for detecting cracks in railway tracks involves analyzing echo signals produced by the interaction of cracks with guided wave modes to achieve precise crack localization, which is extremely important in a real-time railway crack robotic detection system. Addressing the challenge of selecting the optimal detection mode for cracks in various regions of railway tracks, this paper presents a method for optimal crack detection mode selection. This method is based on the sensitivity of guided wave modes to cracks. By examining the frequency dispersion characteristics and mode shapes of guided wave modes, we establish indicators for crack zone energy and crack reflection intensity. Our focus is on the railhead of the railway track, selecting guided wave modes characterized by specific cracks for detection purposes. Experimental findings validate the accuracy of our proposed mode selection method in detecting cracks in railway tracks. This research not only enhances crack detection but also lays the groundwork for exploring advanced detection and localization techniques for cracks in railway tracks.

Research on the algorithm for optimal selection of detection modes for rail crack detection

In the application of ultrasonic guided wave testing for rail crack detection, it is necessary to select a guided wave mode that is more sensitive to cracks as the detection mode. However, ultrasonic guided waves have multi-mode and dispersive characteristics. In order to extract mode information from complex signals, this paper proposes an optimal detection mode selection method based on the sensitivity of guided wave modes to cracks. This method is different from the traditional method of determining mode types by calculating the mode velocity through the arrival time of wave packets in the time domain signal. Based on the dispersion characteristics and mode features of guided wave modes, this paper establishes a crack sensitivity evaluation index. In a wide frequency band and among numerous modes, the guided wave modes suitable for detecting cracks in different regions of the full cross-section of rails are accurately selected. Experimental results show that the guided wave modes selected by the mode selection method proposed in this paper, based on the crack area energy and crack reflection intensity evaluation indexes, can accurately identify rail cracks, laying a foundation for the research on rail crack detection and localization methods.

Multi-objective capacity configuration optimization of a nuclear-renewable hybrid system

Integrating the energy storage and the base-load energy can be an efficient solution to cover the fluctuation of renewable energy. A nuclear-renewable hybrid energy system consisting of a small modular thorium molten salt reactor, solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, thermal energy storage and battery storage with two operation modes is proposed to meet the community load demand. The methodology combining multi-objective evolutionary algorithms with multi-criteria decision-making method is used to identify the optimal operation mode and gain the optimal configuration of the proposed nuclear-renewable hybrid energy system. In the first stage, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with better performance is utilized to gain Pareto solutions to minimize the levelized cost of energy while ensuring an acceptable level of deficiency of power supply probability. In the second stage, the multi-criteria decision-making method is adopted to select the best solution from the obtained Pareto frontiers. The optimization results demonstrate that the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm has the best performance compared with other algorithms and the operation mode with battery discharged first is more cost competitive. It is concluded from the results analysis that the selection of optimal mode is influenced by seasonal variation that contributes to large energy storage capacity requirement.

Sustainable Suppliers-to-Consumers’ Sales Mode Selection for Perishable Goods Considering the Blockchain-Based Tracking System

Given the significant product spoilages of perishable goods transported over long distances, they are usually sold from suppliers to consumers through an offline direct channel. Sustainable suppliers can utilize the blockchain-based tracking system (BTS) to reduce product spoilages, enabling the spoilage reduction effect, and offer authentic information, triggering the premium effect. With the advent of e-commerce, they can now opt for an online direct channel, setting the online direct price as either non-different or different from the offline direct price, and have to face challenges in selecting the optimal sales mode. This paper addresses these complexities by developing a mathematical model to construct a sustainable suppliers-to-consumers pricing model, incorporating the BTS, in the perishable goods market. Our research reveals that the decision to adopt the BTS hinges on factors like the spoilage reduction effect, premium effect, production cost, and tag cost, with the premium effect outweighing the spoilage-reduction effect. The necessity of using the BTS grows with extended circulation times, where the BTS significantly reduces spoilages during transportation, fostering sustainable development. While sustainable suppliers may not always bear the tag cost independently, they can adjust their pricing strategies automatically and pass the tag cost to consumers for more profit. The BTS adoption decision does not influence the optimal sales mode selection strategy. The offline direct channel offers the highest profit for suppliers, followed by the Online to Offline (O2O) direct channel with differential pricing, and the O2O direct channel with non-differential pricing yields the lowest profit.

Genetic Algorithm for Mode Selection in Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication for 5G Cellular Networks

The widespread use of smart devices and mobile applications is leading to a massive growth of wireless data traffic. With the rapidly growing of the customers’ data traffic demand, improving the system capacity and increasing the user throughput have become essential concerns for the future fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication network. In a conventional cellular system, devices are not allowed to directly communicate with each other in the licensed cellular spectrum and all communications take place through the base stations (BS) and core network. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication refers to a technology that enables devices to communicate directly with each other, without sending data to the base station and the core network. This technology has the potential to improve system performance, enhance the user experience, increase spectral efficiency, reduce the terminal transmitting power, reduce the burden of the cellular network, and reduce end to end latency. In D2D communication user equipment’s (UEs) are enabled to select among different modes of communication which are defined based on the frequency resource sharing. Dedicated mode where D2D devices directly transmit by using dedicated resources. Reuse mode where D2D devices reuse some resources of the cellular network. Outband mode where D2D communication uses unlicensed spectrum (e.g. the free 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band or the 38 GHz millimetre wave band) where cellular communication does not take place. Cellular mode where the D2D communication is relayed via gNode B (gNB) and it is treated as cellular users. In this work, the target was to reach the optimal mode selection policy and genetic algorithm method was used with the objective of maximizing the total fitness function. Optimal mode selection policy was presented and analysed amongst cellular, dedicated, reused and outband mode. In the present study of mode selection issues in D2D enabled networks, genetic algorithm was proposed for the case when the cellular user equipment (UE) moves in the network. Quality of service (QoS) parameters, mobility parameters and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method were used to define the mode selection algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed genetic algorithm, a study of the convergence of the algorithm and the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) was done.

Sensitivity Analysis and Comparative Study for Different Detection Modes of Logging-While-Drilling Ultradeep Azimuthal Electromagnetic Tools

Summary The logging-while-drilling (LWD) ultradeep azimuthal electromagnetic tool plays a pivotal role in real-time drilling optimization operations. Established tool designs include arrays of coaxial and tilted coils that, during drilling operations, can be processed to a multicomponent magnetic induction data. These data can then be combined into different detection modes, which accentuate sensitivity to particular geological features. Leveraging the established coil design and definitions of various detection modes for an electromagnetic look-ahead (EMLA) tool, this study undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the disparities in detection performance and characterization of subsurface parameters. Through sensitivity analysis, the varying degrees of sensitivity exhibited by these detection modes concerning parameters such as subsurface formation resistivity, formation inclination, and electrical anisotropy have been investigated. The ensuing conclusions derived from an in-depth analysis are as follows: Detection Mode I exhibits remarkable prowess in delineating subsurface boundaries. Optimal exploration distances can be achieved through the judicious selection of source-receiver distances and frequencies. Detection Mode II displays heightened sensitivity to wellbore inclination and anisotropy, effectively elucidating subsurface resistivity anisotropy. This sensitivity is particularly pronounced at wellbore inclinations approaching 60°. Detection Mode III, while lacking directional capability, nonetheless furnishes fundamental insights into subsurface resistivity. Detection Mode IV demonstrates exceptional sensitivity to electrical anisotropy, particularly at higher wellbore inclinations, manifesting a conspicuous response to subsurface resistivity anisotropy. In summary, the diverse detection modes within the realm of ultradeep azimuthal electromagnetic technology each offer distinctive attributes, facilitating optimal mode selection to attain superior outcomes as per specific requisites. This research contributes significantly to an enhanced comprehension of the performance and applicability of the ultradeep azimuthal electromagnetic tool in the field of optimal drilling.

Development of a hybrid intelligent switching hydraulically interconnected suspension system under a multi-objective optimized mode selection strategy with real-world condition

Reduction in vertical acceleration is crucial for car manufacturers. This parameter evaluates the comfort index. Moreover, the handling index is another feature that must be under investigation. The suspension system has an essential impact on these two indices. A hybrid intelligent switching hydraulically interconnected suspension (HISHIS) is proposed. The parallel configuration is combined with the diagonal configuration in the suspension system. A mode selection strategy is discussed to select the layout between diagonal and parallel configurations. The only mode of parallel configuration is called Anti-pitch configuration. The diagonal configuration has three modes, including Anti-roll, Anti-oversteering, and Anti-vibration configuration. According to the mode selection strategy, one of these three diagonal configuration modes might be selected. The origin of roll and pitch generation is inertia force and road inputs. Hopfield neural network can recognize the origin of roll and pitch generation. Therefore, the performance of valves will change according to Hopfield neural network recognition. The results of different maneuvers show the improvement at each targeted parameter in various tasks independently. The data logger gathered the acceleration of the vehicle in real-world conditions. However, the margins of the selection strategy block are multi-objective optimized with a genetic algorithm to reach better responses in real-world conditions. The roll angle, yaw rate, allowable exposure time, and pitch angle are improved by 63%, 5%, 40%, and 99% on average. Also, optimizing the selection strategy improves the allowable exposure time by 9%. Obviously, by combining two layouts, it is possible to have a flexible situation to improve ride comfort and handling situations. In addition, there is a conditional strategy to select different layouts and modes to reach a better response.

Investigation of the effect of infrared and ultrasonic exposure on the kinetics of vacuum freeze-drying of polymeric materials. Part 1: Development of device and process control system

Freeze-drying is a widely used method for obtaining polymer scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. The intensification of the vacuum freeze-drying will increase the productivity of the process and reduce its costs. The 1st part of the article describes the modernization of the vacuum freeze-dryer design to organizing a process with simultaneous infrared radiation and ultrasonic exposure. The algorithms to control the freeze-drying process will be discussed too. The 2nd part of the article will discuss how the drying modes effect on the freeze-drying kinetics of various polymer frameworks. In addition, the application of mathematical modeling to predict the drying kinetics of various polymer scaffolds and the selection of optimal freeze-drying modes will be considered.

Mathematical modeling of obtaining cocoa butter substitute based on its comprehensive quality indicator

Vegetable oil is fundamentally different from other available products in its composition, components and other properties. Selection of optimal technological modes for producing a cocoa butter substitute based on its complex quality indicator. Therefore, it is important to conduct scientific research to improve quality. The complexity of the mechanism of the processes of hydrogenation and interesterification of cottonseed oil gives preference to mathematical models obtained by processing statistical data. Recommended purification methods differ from existing ones in priority and convenience. The problem of obtaining a cocoa butter substitute from vegetable raw materials is becoming very urgent. Optimal technological modes and compositions of processed raw materials for the processes under consideration.

Recycling Strategy of Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Under Urban and Rural Low-Carbon Planning

Abstract The low-carbon ecological city aims to harmonise sustainable urban development with low-emission planning approaches. Emissions from business production processes are central to low-carbon planning. This paper explores three closed-loop supply chain recycling models - manufacturer, retailer, and third-party -considering carbon trading and emission reduction technology investment. Respective Stackelberg game models are developed incorporating carbon emission reduction costs, recycling costs, carbon trading price, emission intensity, and recycling price. The influence of these variables on carbon emission reduction and profit is examined through numerical analysis. Results indicate the government’s free carbon quota does not impact per-unit carbon reduction or manufacturer profit, nor optimal recycling mode selection. Under specific remanufacturing emission intensity and production cost saving conditions, carbon quota trading can substantially incentivise manufacturers to invest in emission reduction and recycling. With carbon trading and emission reduction technology investment, manufacturer recycling optimises economic and environmental benefits when remanufactured products provide high production cost savings. This fosters sustainable development supporting low-carbon planning.

Empowering smart cities: High-altitude platforms based Mobile Edge Computing and Wireless Power Transfer for efficient IoT data processing

This work presents an efficient framework that combines High Altitude Platform (HAP)-based Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) networks with Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) to optimize resource allocation and task offloading. With the proliferation of smart sensor nodes (IoT) generating real-time data, there is a pressing need to overcome device limitations, including finite battery life and computational resources. Our proposed framework leverages HAP-based MEC servers, offering on-demand computation and communication resources without extensive physical infrastructure. Additionally, WPT, through terrestrial networks, addresses IoT device battery constraints by enabling energy harvesting from nearby access points. The primary focus is joint optimization, aiming to maximize computing bits while minimizing energy consumption under system constraints. Given the optimization problem’s complexity, we employ a decomposition approach, breaking it into sub-problems. The first part handles mode selection and task segmentation, determining optimal placement and mode selection variables. The second part addresses resource allocation, optimizing transmission power, offloading time, energy harvesting time, and device computational resources. Numerical results demonstrate the framework’s effectiveness compared to relevant benchmark schemes. This approach holds promise for enhancing IoT device performance and energy efficiency in smart city applications.

Compensation of friction and stick-slip uncertainties in trajectory tracking control of servo DC machines considering actuation constraints

Nowadays, electric motors are common in many precision instrument industries that require high-precision control. If a suitable model of a servo system is available, accurate results can be obtained using a model-based control algorithm. The DC motor is one of the most widely used systems in precision industries, for which a high-precision controller can be designed using its mathematical model with feedback on position and velocity. In such systems and other rotating systems, it is necessary to consider friction in the control system design. Friction enters the system in the form of resistant force or torque in both static and kinetic states, which causes uncertainty in the dynamic modeling of the system, the stick-slip phenomenon, and creates a deadzone in the actuation system. In this article, considering a switching dynamic model for different states of a system subject to friction which has a saturation limit on the control input and an actuation system dependent on the angular velocity feedback, first, the stable reaching laws in two modes of position control and velocity control for different dynamic model switch modes are defined. Then, the control input that forces the tracking error to follow the corresponding reaching law for each control mode is calculated. In the next step, according to the limitations of the actuation system, such as saturation and deadzone, using the filtering mechanism and optimal search for each control mode, the desired values are filtered and it is guaranteed that the control input will be chosen within the allowed range. Finally, using the optimal switching mode selection mechanism, the optimal control mode is selected and the voltage is calculated as the next step input.

Research on quality and performance of FRM laser welded joints with different shaft length ratios elliptical trajectory

The emerging Flexible Ring Mode(FRM) laser technology has shown great potential for welding copper and its alloys with high reflectivity and has been widely used. The design of the welding trajectory significantly affects the porosity and performance of welded joints. This paper first selects the ellipse and its parameters from the three trajectories by numerical simulation method, then studies the appearance forming and counts the weld porosity through the longitudinal and cross-section developing quality, and finally uses a high-speed camera to monitor the copper Behavior of molten pool and spot oscillation process at the front of the plate. It is found that the trajectory of circular motion has a more stable heating process and has a preheating function for the center of the weld. Compared with linear welding, orbital welding achieves penetration of weld seam and forms better weld seam. Laser confocal tests show that S4(a1b0.5) has the most negligible variation in weld appearance and the best formability. S3(a0.5b0.5) has the lowest porosity, which also explains the mechanism of laser welding trajectory stirring the molten pool and pooling of pores under hydrostatic pressure. The tensile test shows that: S3 has the highest tensile strength (215.35 MPa), 89.79% of the base material. But its strain is only 50% of that of the S4 sample with almost the same tensile strength (215.03 MPa). Therefore, this paper proposes that an elliptical welding trajectory can be adopted to obtain welded joints with better tensile strength and plasticity, with the long axis along the welding direction and the short axis perpendicular to the welding direction. This study provides theoretical guidance for the optimal oscillation mode selection for tunable ring mode laser welding of highly reflective materials.

Development of a calculation scheme for selecting the optimal mode of operation of a gas condensate well taking into account the deformation conditions of the formation

To establish premature optimal well operation modes, it is necessary to consider the process of well operation within the framework of ongoing processes in the common reservoir-well hydrodynamic system and take into account the peculiarities of changes in the properties of the gas condensate mixture and the thermobaric conditions of the reservoir in it. Therefore, the object of the study is the operation of a gas condensate well in the event of technological complications in it, which requires the selection of the necessary optimal operating mode to prevent these complications by comprehensively taking into account the factors influencing this process in the “reservoir-well” system.
 The article proposes a calculation scheme for establishing the optimal operating mode of a gas condensate well without the formation of a liquid plug at the bottomhole, taking into account the formation deformation during field development in the depletion mode. The problem is solved by determining the required current working volume of produced gas (as well as condensate), bottomhole and contour values of reservoir pressure, condensate saturation and reservoir porosity. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the determined characteristics of the selected optimal mode of a gas condensate well are significantly affected by a change in the reservoir properties of the reservoir (for example, the permeability of the reservoir), which in turn leads to a change in the optimal working gas flow rate of the well.
 The considered problem has not been previously studied in its full formulation, which is presented in this article, where the solution of the problem under study is achieved taking into account the change in the physical properties of the reservoir fluid and gas, as well as the reservoir properties of the reservoir under conditions of a change in the state of the reservoir system due to emerging deformation processes in the reservoir

Improved efficiency with adaptive front and rear axle independently driven powertrain and disconnect functionality

Front and rear axle independently driven (FRID) powertrains are becoming a popular solution for electric vehicles (EVs) due to torque distribution capability which can enhance powertrain energy efficiency. Typically, permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are used for FRID powertrains due to their high torque, and power density. However, the drive-cycle efficiency of FRID powertrains with PMSMs is typically reduced in comparison to single motor drives. This is due to the unwanted no-load losses of PMSMs in the field weakening region. To overcome this drawback of PMSM FRIDs, this paper proposes an adaptive front- and rear-axle independently driven (AFRID) powertrain, utilizing two dog clutches, so that the powertrain can be operated in different modes (rear, front, and all-wheel drive) by adaptively connecting and disconnecting the front and/or rear electric drive unit (EDU). A rule-based mode selection strategy is developed to utilize the flexibility of different powertrain operating modes of the powertrain for maximizing the energy efficiency of the EDU. The simulation results show that the suggested AFRID powertrain, in comparison to a common FRID powertrain, can improve the WLTC drive-cycle consumption from 22.17 kWhh to 20.50 kWhh per 100 km. Based on the route and road-load information, the energy-saving potential of the AFRID powertrain can be further improved to 20.37 kWhh per 100 km by a suggested predictive mode selection strategy, achieving an optimal mode selection.

High-Precision PCB Topologies Formation by Selective Laser Micromachining

The paper considers possibility of using laser radiation to form and correct printed circuit topology boards through micromachining. Processes arising from the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with processed thin-film coatings are considered. The dependence of the effect of a variable sequence of laser pulses on the quality of the formed holes in coating is presented. Experimental data on the selection of optimal exposure modes of femtosecond radiation on a multilayer coating for selective ablation are presented. Femtosecond laser micromachining allows the precision formation of topological contours, regardless of treated coating type, its thermal and electric conductive properties.

Optimal operation mode selection of sponge city PPP projects using IFSS-prospect theory and VIKOR approach: a case study in China.

The construction of sponge city (SC) public private partnership (PPP) projects is considered to be a feasible measure to solve the "water problems" in China. To ensure the success of SC PPP projects, how to select an appropriate operation mode for SC PPP projects is an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, first, the evaluation index system of operation mode is established from the aspects of project characteristics, government capabilities, project benefits, project implementation, and cooperative partnership. Second, the DEMATEL method and entropy method are introduced to overcome the drawbacks of a single method, and the combination weights are calculated by game theory. Finally, the decision-making model based on intuitionistic fuzzy soft set (IFSS)-prospect theory and VIKOR approach is constructed to select operation mode for SC PPP projects. In this paper, the framework is applied to select an operation mode for the Qingshan demonstration zone project, and its feasibility and effectiveness are verified through sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis. The results show that BOT is the optimal operation mode for SC PPP projects, and government capabilities and project implementation are critical factors to be considered when selecting an operation mode. This study can provide guidance to the government in the OMS of SC PPP projects and improve the sustainability of the projects.

The influence of ultrasonic processing on the structure and electrophysical properties of fruit in combined drying

The intensification of ultrasonic vibrations for the processing of agricultural products is becoming increasingly important in the food industry, as it can reduce energy consumption for the dehydration of raw materials. The research aims to study the effect of sonication on the change of electrophysical parameters and structure of apple raw materials in the process of combined drying using direct electric heating. Using scanning electron microscopy, images of the surface structure of dried apple samples were obtained at different combinations of sonication duration and methods of heat supply to the raw material during the drying process. Based on the experimental studies, the dependences of the current flowing through the sample in the process of combined drying using direct electric heating on the duration of raw material processing in an ultrasonic bath were obtained. The influence of preliminary sonication on the maximum values of the current strength during direct electric heating was determined. The dependences of changes in the resistivity of apple samples during dehydration at different pretreatment durations were investigated. The effect of ultrasound on the initial resistivity of apples, the duration of electro-plasmolysis, and the resistivity values at which the maximum values of the direct electric heating current are observed were determined. The results of the experiments show that the pretreatment of raw materials in an ultrasonic bath can reduce the peak current values by up to 27%. The initial values of the resistivity of the raw material after sonication are reduced by 7.8-13.8% compared to the control samples. The obtained images of the dried fruit surfaces showed an increase in the porosity and roughness of the samples. The obtained results of experimental studies can become a prerequisite for the development of an energy-efficient technical means of ultrasonic processing of fruit and vegetable raw materials before drying and the selection of optimal operating modes

A Modulation Method to Eliminate Leakage Current and Balance Neutral-Point Voltage for Three-Level Inverters in Photovoltaic Systems

In photovoltaic systems, common-mode voltage (CMV) generates leakage current, which shortens the insulation lifespan and causes safety problems. As for neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters, zero CMV PWM (ZCMV PWM) can be implemented to eliminate leakage current, but unable to balance neutral-point (NP) voltage in dc side. This article presents a novel modulation technique for NPC PV inverter. The strategy contains ZCMV PWM and another two modulation modes which keeps CMV constant in one switching period, so as to eliminate leakage current. In order to balance NP voltage, NP current is adjusted by selection of optimal modulation mode and the leakage current is still well eliminated during the process of balancing NP voltage. Compared with conventional ZCMV PWM, the proposed scheme can remove both leakage current and NP voltage deviation. The output performance and limitations of the proposed method are also introduced in the paper. Experiments are provided to verify the validity of the proposed method.