Optimal Learning Outcomes Research Articles

Teachers’ Integration Strategies And Challenges On Inclusion In Selected Public Primary Schools In Lagos, Nigeria

Inclusion aligns with the goals of Education for All (EFA). Therefore, the study identified teachers’ integration strategies and challenges on inclusion in selected public primary schools in Mushin Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos, Nigeria. Descriptive Survey Research Design was used for the study. 240 teachers in Basic 1-6 formed the sample size who were randomly selected across 24 public primary schools in the LGA. Ten teachers were randomly selected from each school. Three research questions in a 21-item structured questionnaire titled ‘Teachers’ Integration Strategies and Challenges on Inclusion’ (TISACI) was used to elicit information from respondents. The instrument was modified and validated by experts in Early Childhood and Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability instrument coefficient was at 0.798. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentages and mean. The study found out that that strategies teachers adopt to integrate pupils include differentiation, use of positive technology tools, giving individualized support and collaborative efforts among others. Also, the study outlined challenges teachers face in inclusion such as having to deal with diverse learners with diverse learning needs, lack of resources and support, poor knowledge in special education among others. The study also found that inclusion has positive impact on pupils’ academic performance as it fosters positive classroom climate, provides individualized support and encourages peer tutoring among others. It was therefore recommended that teachers’ professional training should focus more on tenets of special education, use of differentiation, and diversification of assessment strategies for optimal learning outcome in order to accommodate special needs pupils among others.

Influence of Technology-Assisted Reading Interventions for Improving Reading Skills in English Language Learners

This qualitative study investigates the influence of technology-assisted reading interventions on English Language Learners (ELLs) by examining the perspectives of seven participants and conducting classroom observations and document analysis. Employing a constructivist learning theory and the Technology Acceptance Model as the theoretical framework, the research explores how interactive, personalized, and multimodal learning experiences impact reading skills development. The methodology includes thematic analysis of interviews, observations, and lesson plans, revealing enhanced engagement, improved comprehension, effective vocabulary development, increased fluency, and facilitated peer collaboration as significant results. The study identifies challenges such as technical issues and accessibility, emphasizing the importance of equitable access to technology. The implications for educators and policymakers highlight the need for effective integration of technology-assisted interventions in reading instruction and support for ELLs to optimize learning outcomes.

EXPLORING YOUTUBE IN TEACHING COOKERY TO SECONDARY STUDENTS: A REVIEW

This review explores the role of online video tutorials in developing cooking skills, particularly in the context of senior high school culinary arts education shift to online learning necessitated the use of technology in education, with the Department of Education (DepEd) promoting platforms like YouTube for instructional content. While research directly on online video tutorials for cooking skills is limited, related fields highlight the benefits of video technology for skill development. These benefits include visual repetition, flexible access, and enhanced engagement. This review further examines student preferences for online video tutorials, focusing on YouTube as a primary platform. Students value the increased comprehension and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional methods. The review concludes by advocating for responsible use of online video tutorials to improve culinary education. Recommendations include promoting student engagement with online resources, ensuring tutorial quality, and providing ethical use guidance. Parental support is also identified as a critical factor in student success. Overall, this review emphasizes the potential of online video tutorials to transform culinary education while underscoring the need for responsible utilization and support mechanisms for optimal learning outcomes in the digital age.

Interactive Learning Media to Introduce Working Principle of Hybrid Machines Using Digital Platforms

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, education shifted to application-based and online lectures. In observations made until after the pandemic ended, the use of digital platforms in teaching and learning activities continued in a combined face-to-face and virtual mode. In engineering technology-based learning models, the use of digital platforms was often used. For example, in presenting PowerPoint presentation materials and similar applications. Students were able to absorb lecture material well as long as they didn’t go through boring lectures. Engineering lectures in classrooms and online classes based on presentation platforms were often viewed as boring. Due to this, teachers need to deliver lectures face-to-face in class and deliver material available in books and lectures. Online, the material presented was less attractive to students and was ignored. This study aimed to introduce interactive learning media in the form of a digital platform which contains material about hybrid engines, working principles and components and provides examples of their application in modern vehicle technology. The interactive learning media was used to support the material in lectures so that when attending lectures in class and practicing the material, students could follow them well and optimize learning outcomes. Interactive learning media was made as attractive as possible, informative, and easy to reach because it was accompanied by pictures and videos and had the advantage of being low-cost. The research method used was Research and Development conducted through direct observation of student behavior, then conducting interviews with relevant lecturers and distributing questionnaires to students to obtain valid results. The research continued with the development of a digital platform-based interactive learning media. The final results of the study stated that students and teachers agreed that digital platform-based learning media can be used as media support in teaching techniques. The resulting digital platform-based interactive learning media can be operated online on a laptop or smartphone. It is hoped that the results of this research can help the teaching and learning process in lecture techniques, especially material regarding hybrid engines.
 Keywords: interactive learning media, digital platform, COVID-19.

Transformasi Guru sebagai Fasilitator Pembelajaran di Era Digital

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has changed the educational landscape, encouraging the transformation of the role of teachers into learning facilitators in the digital era. This research aims to explore this transformation phenomenon by exploring shifts in learning paradigms, identifying challenges faced by teachers, evaluating strategies for solving them, and analyzing their impact on student learning. The research method used is a qualitative approach, by collecting data, including in-depth interviews with teachers who actively use technology in learning and direct observation in classes that apply a technology-based approach. The research results show that the transformation of the teacher's role involves a shift in focus from a teacher-centered learning model to a more student-oriented approach, where the teacher acts as a learning facilitator who encourages active student involvement and collaboration. Challenges such as lack of digital skills and gaps in technology access among students are major barriers to adopting these new roles. However, resolution strategies such as training and professional development, collaboration with colleagues, and differentiation of learning have proven effective in overcoming these challenges. The impacts of this transformation include increased student engagement, creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration in digital learning. In conclusion, the transformation of teachers as learning facilitators in the digital era is a complex process that requires in-depth understanding, appropriate strategies, and ongoing support to achieve optimal learning outcomes in an ever-evolving context.

Medical Students` perception Regarding Using Study Guides in Clinical Education

Introduction: Study guide is a tool that helps to direct learners on the education path as a road map and can facilitate their learning process. Moreover, it provides useful information for educators to achieve optimal learning outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the students' perception regarding the application of study guides in clerkship and internship courses in the clinical education process at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This analytical-cross-sectional study was conducted at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021. In this study, the viewpoints of 62 students regarding the use of study guides in the process of clinical education were investigated through a validated Agarwal's (2017) questionnaire. The content validity ratio (CVR) in all items was higher than 0.49, and the content validity index (CVI) in all items was reported to be higher than 0.79, with no items being omitted from the questionnaire. The required data were collected using the field research method. Data were analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and percentage) and inferential tests (Students T-Test) in SPSS software (version 16.0). Results: The mean age of participants in this study was 25.32±0.71 years, and 33 participants (53.2%) were female. The mean satisfaction scores of the students from the internship and clerkship courses were calculated as 3.55±0.97 and 3.44±1.59, respectively, indicating the acceptable satisfaction of the externs and interns with the study guide. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the views of the participants regarding the application of the study guide in internship and clerkship courses (P=0.45). The highest mean score was reported in the "instructiveness" item (4.14±0.69). Conclusion: The results showed that the students considered the study guide an informative tool and a motivator for creating motivation for learning through increasing awareness and knowledge concerning the educational program and the learning process. Systematic planning is recommended for the use of learning guides to manage students' learning in medical school.

Pedagogical Processes to Help Children Learn Algebraic Identities in Mathematics

This paper focuses on refining the pedagogical processes instrumental in the mastering of algebraic identities, employing a meticulous approach to instruction. Emphasizing the utility of resources specifically tailored for visualization, the paper primarily seeks to deepen understanding. Its aim is to instill and foster algebraic thinking among children, encouraging active engagement in the exploration of patterns and problem-solving within the realm of algebra. A significant facet of the research lies in its nuanced acknowledgment and targeted resolution of common challenges inherent in comprehending patterns and algebraic thinking, providing a thoughtful intervention in educational practices. Moreover, the research advocates for the exploration of diverse representations of identical algebraic concepts, acknowledging the multifaceted nature of learning, drawing from other subjects, the idea of memorization of patterns in order to internalize the concepts such that their application can be made irrespective of circumstances such as in grammar where the base rules for the constructions of sentences have to memorized after which their rules can be applied in varied circumstances. The outlined learning objectives for students extend beyond rote memorization, encompassing the identification and recall of common algebraic identities, graphical representation of their meanings, application in simplifying expressions, and the cultivation of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The paper's holistic approach is further highlighted by its emphasis on effective communication in mathematics, stressing the importance of utilizing appropriate language. This well-rounded strategy, integrating theoretical understanding, practical skills, and critical thinking, is meticulously designed to optimize learning outcomes in the intricate domain of algebraic identities, offering a comprehensive foundation for students to build upon.

Penggunaan Website Wordwall Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa di SMK Bima Utomo

A teaching program is a plan for implementing the teaching and learning process which is based on consideration of the objectives to be achieved, materials, methods, tools, time allocation and evaluation so that students master the learning process and have optimal learning outcomes. Wordwall is an interactive media that provides features to foster student learning motivation according to the learning material presented by the teacher in class. Word wall media provides features such as quizzes, matching, pairing, anagrams, random words, word searches, grouping. The PkM (Community Service) Lecture Program with the title "Using the Wordwall Website as a Learning Media to Increase Student Learning Motivation at Bima Utomo BS Vocational School" is carried out by prioritizing how to use the wordwall website, especially for teachers or teaching staff at Bima Utomo BS Vocational School with the main aim increase student learning motivation and make it easier for teachers to deliver learning material. The results of the implementation of Community Service at BIMA UTOMO BS Vocational School, Sidodadi Village, Batang Kuis District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra which was carried out from February 5 - February 27 2024, the team was able to adapt well so that a cooperative relationship was established between the school, students and students, teachers are able to use wordwall media as an interactive learning media for the continuity of teaching and learning activities, socialize the use of wordwall media as an interactive learning media, provide contributions in the form of assistance to the school regarding administration and students feel motivated by the existence of interactive learning media.

AI in education: A review of personalized learning and educational technology

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has ushered in a transformative era, redefining traditional teaching and learning methods. This review explores the multifaceted role of AI in education, with a particular focus on personalized learning and educational technology. The synergy between AI and education promises to address individualized needs, enhance student engagement, and optimize learning outcomes. Personalized learning, enabled by AI algorithms, tailors educational experiences to the unique needs, preferences, and pace of each student. This approach goes beyond a one-size-fits-all model, fostering a more inclusive and effective learning environment. The review delves into the diverse applications of AI-driven personalized learning, ranging from adaptive content delivery and real-time feedback to intelligent tutoring systems. It analyzes the impact of these technologies on student performance, highlighting the potential to narrow educational gaps and cater to diverse learning styles. Educational technology, powered by AI, extends beyond the classroom, encompassing online platforms, virtual reality, and interactive tools. The review explores the integration of AI in curriculum development, content creation, and assessment methods, offering insights into how these technologies augment the teaching and learning experience. Furthermore, the review examines the role of AI in automating administrative tasks, allowing educators to redirect their focus towards personalized instruction. Challenges and ethical considerations associated with the adoption of AI in education are also scrutinized. Privacy concerns, algorithmic biases, and the digital divide are discussed, emphasizing the importance of responsible AI implementation. The review underscores the need for collaborative efforts among educators, policymakers, and technologists to establish ethical guidelines and ensure the equitable distribution of AI-enhanced educational resources. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the evolving landscape of AI in education, with a spotlight on personalized learning and educational technology. As the symbiosis between AI and education continues to evolve, this synthesis of current research and trends aims to guide future developments, fostering an informed and progressive approach to the integration of AI in the educational sphere.

EFEKTIVITAS STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN SISWA AKTIF PADA PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DAN PENERAPAN PRAKTIS

<p><em>This study investigates the effectiveness of active student learning strategies in improving both conceptual comprehension and practical application. The research explores how engaging students in active learning methods positively influences their understanding of concepts and enhances their ability to apply theoretical knowledge in practical settings. The study employs various instructional strategies designed to promote active participation and critical thinking among students, aiming to identify the most effective approaches for optimizing learning outcomes. The findings contribute valuable insights to educational practices by highlighting the significance of incorporating active learning strategies for a comprehensive and practical understanding of academic concepts. </em></p>

The Effect of Using Interactive Multimedia Design with the STEM VR Approach to Strengthening Pancasila Student Profiles in Elementary School

In producing interactive multimedia, based on STEM VR, with the help of virtual reality which elementary school students need in studying human digestion material, it is hoped that virtual packaging of human digestion material will increase students’ understanding of the topic that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Critical and creative research was carried out on the development of interactive multimedia based on virtual reality for learning about human digestion in fifth-grade elementary schools. This research uses the MDLC stage model with six stages, namely concept, design, material collection, assembly, testing, and distribution. The subject is fifth-grade elementary school. The VR-based interactive multimedia product was validated by experts and continued with a posttest and user response questionnaire with the following results. The science material interactive multimedia product has been validated by material and media experts with results that are very suitable for use in the learning process. Then the product was tested on a limited basis at the SDN Rejosari 01 Semarang school with the influence of 84.4% of students really liking VR-based interactive multimedia products and 15.6% being influenced. Other factors that prevent students from achieving optimal learning outcomes include the school’s lack of VR-related infrastructure so that students are not optimal.
 Keywords: the effect, interactive multimedia, STEM VR, Science material, elementary school

Effective Study Hours for Students in the Distribution of Subjects at Vocational High School

The improvement of the learning quality in schools is closely tied to effective time management. Appropriate scheduling of study hours can play a crucial role in achieving optimal learning outcomes for students. This research aims to analyze and understand how effective study hours can influence the distribution of subjects in schools to enhance students' learning outcomes. The study adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research location is conducted at SMKN 6 Surakarta, utilizing data collection techniques including interviews with students and teachers, documentation related to class schedules, and data triangulation techniques to ensure information validity. Data analysis involves interview transcription, categorization, and the identification of emerging patterns. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of study hours significantly impacts the distribution of subjects. Students experiencing effective study hours tend to have a better grasp of the subjects, while suboptimal study hour distributions can hinder achieving the expected learning outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of thorough planning regarding study hour arrangements to enhance learning effectiveness.

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEARNING STYLES ADOPTED BY UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS AT SELECTED COLLEGE, BENGALURU

Background: Learning styles refer to an individuals preferred way of acquiring and processing information. Understanding a students learning style can be crucial for optimizing educational outcomes. In nursing education, catering to diverse learning preferences can enhance student engagement and prepare them for the complex demands of the profession. This study aimed to investigate the learning styles and their relationship with study variables among undergraduate nursing students. Methods and Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. The study was conducted at a selected college in Bangalore, India. A total of 105 undergraduate nursing students were recruited, stratified by their year of study, and selected through proportionate random sampling. Participants completed the Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS) questionnaire, which assesses four learning styles: undirected, application-directed, reproduction-directed, and meaning-directed. Additionally, data on their age, gender, marital status, place of residence, pre-university percentage, preferred medium of instruction, average study hours, and average writing assignment hours were collected. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, were computed for the learning style scores and demographic variables. Chi-square tests were used to analyse the association between learning styles and selected demographic variables, while Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationship between age and learning styles. Results: The findings revealed that students utilized a variety of learning styles, with the majority favouring undirected (64.34%), application-directed (74.24%), reproduction-directed (63.47%), and meaning-directed (65.26%) styles. Interestingly, no significant correlation was found between age and any of the learning styles (all p-values > 0.05). Moreover, the chi-square analysis indicated an association between average hours of study and average hours of writing assignments with the reproduction-directed learning style at the 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: This study highlights the diverse learning preferences among undergraduate nursing students, regardless of their age. Educators in nursing programs should incorporate diverse pedagogical approaches that cater to these different styles to optimize learning outcomes and adequately prepare students for the challenges of the nursing profession. Further research with larger sample sizes could delve deeper into the factors influencing learning styles in this population and provide even more valuable insights for educational design.

Optimizing Learning Outcomes when Teaching Sight Words using Fruits and Vegetables as Reinforcers.

Reinforcers frequently chosen may not offer the same nutritional value as fruits and vegetables. Prior researchers have explored preferences and the effectiveness of salty and sweet foods compared to fruits and vegetables, but the criteria for demonstrating effectiveness have often been arbitrary rather than academic. In addition, it remains unclear how the integration of these potentially nutritious reinforcers might affect learning or hinder learning efficiency. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether introducing fruits or vegetables as potential reinforcers could sustain responding achieved with salty or sweet reinforcers. The implications of this model for incorporating a variety of reinforcers while maintaining responding are also discussed.

Meruntuhkan Mitos: Efektivitas Media Video dalam Kegiatan Pembelajaran

This article examines the effectiveness of videos as a medium in learning activities, focusing on the challenges and potential problems that often arise. Videos are widely regarded as an engaging and innovative learning tool; however, their use can encounter various obstacles, such as lack of interaction, technical difficulties, and limited access. By analyzing a range of literature, this article seeks to identify myths and assumptions about the use of video in education and to provide a more realistic assessment of its effectiveness. Our analysis reveals that while videos can enhance the learning experience, their excessive use without appropriate strategies can diminish their effectiveness. We advocate for a balanced approach, integrating videos with other interactive and participatory learning methods to optimize learning outcomes. Additionally, this article underscores the necessity of teacher training in the effective use of video as a learning medium. Adequate training ensures that educators can overcome technical challenges and integrate videos into their teaching strategies effectively. The recommendations in this article also emphasize the importance of creating a blended learning environment where videos are used in conjunction with other teaching methods to foster a more engaging and effective educational experience. By providing practical insights and recommendations, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of how to use videos effectively in educational settings. It encourages educators to explore and implement alternative methods to ensure that learning experiences are both effective and engaging.

Biomedical students' satisfaction with and engagement in laboratory e-learning support are related to their self-regulation.

Laboratory e-learning support tools can assist students' learning while preparing for laboratory classes. To successfully work in such virtual experimental environments (VEEs) outside class, students require self-regulated learning (SRL) skills. A deeper understanding of the continuous reciprocal interactions between SRL, satisfaction, and online engagement is needed to develop more effective online learning experiences. This study therefore aimed to explore the interconnection between students' satisfaction with, effort/importance and engagement in an exemplary VEE, and to relate this to their perceived SRL and learning outcomes. Based on surveys in 79 university students, SRL was related to VEE engagement, effort/importance, and satisfaction. VEE engagement and satisfaction were not related to learning outcomes, while SRL and effort were. Students with different SRL also tended to interact differently with the VEE and experienced differing degrees of procedural and feedback support by the e-environment. We conclude that, for optimal learning experience and outcomes, students' effort regulation and SRL need to be supported while interacting with the VEE, preferably by interventions that integrate personalized and adaptive features. This study has implications for designing and optimizing VEEs and indicates that future research should focus on VEEs taking students' SRL and effort regulation into account to support individual learners effectively.

Development of Wordwall-based Indonesian Geographical Condition Assessment Instrument in Modipaskogo E-Book for Elementary School Students

The ability to develop assessment instruments is an integral part of pedagogical skills that are needed by teachers to achieve optimal learning outcomes, the reality in the field is that the implementation of learning evaluation is still conventional with paper and pencil test instruments, has not utilized technology, especially in science learning Indonesian Geographical Conditions material in class V, lack of understanding or teacher trust in the use of alternative instruments that in accordance with the learning model developed, so that the learning outcome data obtained by class V students is not so optimal. As many as 65% of the number of students have not been able to achieve learning goals, besides that students look less motivated and not excited when working on learning evaluations. The purpose of this study is to develop a Wordwall-based assessment instrument in the Modipaskogo E-Book (Geographical Conditions IPAS Module). The method used in this study is the research and Development (RD) Model ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). Based on data analysis and discussion, the conclusions of the Wordwall-Based Indonesian Geographical Conditions assessment instrument in the Modipaskogo E-Book are valid, reliable, very effective, and very practical to use.

Increasing Student Learning Motivation through of the Dick and Carey Model in Islamic Religious Education

This research focuses on addressing the persistent challenge of motivating students in their engagement with Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials. Despite the overarching goal of instilling virtue, there remains a recurring issue of insufficient motivation among students when it comes to PAI content. In response, this study investigates the potential effectiveness of applying the Dick and Carey instructional model within the context of GIS Prima Insani Elementary School. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, the research highlights the Dick and Carey model's systematic and organized approach. This instructional model emphasizes transparent steps that contribute to the clarity of learning outcomes, encouraging students to apply acquired knowledge in their daily lives—aligned with the broader objective of Islamic religious education. The findings suggest that the Dick and Carey model is well-suited for educational settings, offering a clear direction for both educators and students and fostering a sense of recognition and support. The structured nature of the model contributes to heightened commitment among students, ultimately enhancing motivation and facilitating optimal learning outcomes. In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of implementing effective instructional models, particularly the Dick and Carey approach, in Islamic religious education. By nurturing motivation and aligning with established standards, this model emerges as a valuable tool for educators, contributing to an overall enhanced educational experience. The findings emphasize the importance of adopting innovative approaches to address challenges in Islamic religious education, paving the way for future research and improvements in pedagogical practices

Application of Brain-Based Learning Strategy for Students’ Optimal Learning Outcomes in Mathematics

Application of Brain-Based Learning Strategy for Students’ Optimal Learning Outcomes in Mathematics

Leveraging blended learning for desired learning outcomes in Nigerian tertiary institutions through the instrumentality of digital literacy

Educational systems globally, especially at the tertiary level in this digital age have embraced modern technologies in teaching and learning to optimize learning outcomes. This has resulted in adopting different technology-mediated learning approaches that are supported by the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). One example of such learning approaches is blended learning, which is a learning approach that combines online learning with face-to-face instructions most effectively for optimal learning outcomes. When embraced and implemented in a well-planned, organized way with the right attitudes, blended learning can become the future of Nigerian educational system. Thus, leveraging blended learning in the Nigerian tertiary institutions through the instrumentality of digital literacy is apt, especially in this digital age. The paper succinctly discussed the basic concepts of the study and benefits of blended learning, an overview of digital literacy and the need for acquisition of digital literacy for actualization of full potentials of blended learning. Barriers to effective implementation of blended learning in Nigerian tertiary institutions were discussed. The paper concludes that digital literacy stands in the gap of eliminating the problems often experienced in the course of deploying blended learning in the Nigerian tertiary institutions. Consequently, proactive measures and the way forward for stimulating digital literacy for effective implementation of blended learning, overcome challenges and engender desired learning outcomes were recommended.