The Faraday Institution programme: A UK perspective on innovation in the battery sector

The role of the neurologic educator has evolved from an informal pursuit into an intentional academic discipline. This development intersects with the persistent challenge of neurophobia, characterized by fear and avoidance of neurology among trainees. Despite improved understanding of its drivers, neurophobia continues to negatively influence engagement and recruitment into the field. Importantly, many contributing factors reflect modifiable features of educational design rather than inherent characteristics of neurology, creating opportunities for educational innovation. Here, we situate the modern neurologic educator within the evolution of medical education and describe how the complementary roles of teacher, administrator, and scholar can advance neurologic education and address neurophobia. We also highlight opportunities in neurologic education, including engagement with nonphysician clinicians, use of nontraditional platforms for dissemination, and a shift toward cultivating neurophilia. Central to this work is the intentional creation of career pathways that inspire, support, and sustain the next generation of neurologic educators.

The rapid integration of ChatGPT into educational and research contexts has generated significant debate regarding its pedagogical value, methodological reliability, and ethical implications. This study employs a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analytical framework to critically examine the multifaceted impact of ChatGPT on higher education and scientific research, drawing on a systematic review of secondary literature. The analysis identifies key strengths, including enhanced research efficiency, academic writing support, multilingual accessibility, and potential for personalized learning. However, these advantages are counterbalanced by notable weaknesses, particularly concerns related to fabricated citations, response inaccuracy, algorithmic bias, and limited higher-order reasoning capabilities. The findings further reveal important opportunities for innovation, such as AI-assisted curriculum development, adaptive learning pathways, and professional development support, provided that robust institutional oversight mechanisms are in place. At the same time, significant threats emerge, including increased risks of academic misconduct, erosion of scholarly integrity, discriminatory outputs, and potential overreliance that may weaken critical thinking skills. In response, the study advocates structured governance frameworks, AI literacy initiatives, and assessment reforms designed to preserve academic rigor while enabling responsible innovation. By offering a theoretically grounded and critically balanced synthesis, this review contributes to the evolving discourse on generative AI in academia and provides a foundation for future empirical investigation and policy development. • ChatGPT improves research productivity, accuracy, writing, and supports personalized, inclusive learning. • Weaknesses include difficulty judging quality, bias risks, misleading outputs, and limited higher-order reasoning. • Opportunities include creating learning materials, enabling complex learning, and supporting professional development. • Threats include plagiarism, academic dishonesty, bias, and reduced critical thinking from AI overreliance. • The study recommends guidelines, AI literacy, and assessment reform for responsible ChatGPT use in education and research.

As society becomes increasingly data-driven, there is a growing need for tools that foster Data Literacy (DL). Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs), which combine physical interaction with digital data, show promise but remain underexplored in this context. This study aims to synthesize the trends in the use of TUIs to promote DL, focusing on identifying the types of TUIs employed, the target audiences addressed, and the specific DL competencies these interfaces are designed to support. In accordance with the PRISMA, we systematically mapped 57 studies from the literature. Of these, 24 were identified from an initial pool of 1444 records retrieved through automated searches on Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, while the remaining 33 were obtained through a snowballing approach. Publish or Perish was used to extract data from Google Scholar. The results highlight the potential versatility of TUIs, as all TUI types have been explored across various audience categories and DL competence fields. Moreover, our study highlights both well-established and underexplored pathways for TUI-based DL initiatives, providing valuable insights for future research and the development of new applications and educational methods. Finally, the other specific findings include the identification of prominent TUIs in the DL domain, namely Physicalization and Data Sculptures, Physical Manipulative Objects, and Interactive Surfaces . These TUIs predominantly target Adult and Continuing Education, Tertiary Education, and K-12 Education, addressing both coding and decoding competencies within DL. • TUIs demonstrate versatility in terms of techniques, audience, and DL competence. • The map developed guides DL's pedagogical design and highlights opportunities for innovation. • Current TUI trends highlight Crafted Materials and Tablets, mainly addressing lifelong, bachelor's, and primary learners. • Gaps include early childhood, post-secondary, short-cycle, and postgraduate audiences, and data culture and action skills. • TUIs such as Constructive Assembly, Tabletop, Large Screens, and Smartphones remain underexplored.

AI-generated agents with expert personas in biotechnology: Delphi evaluation of emerging technologies and future trajectories

As the electric vehicle (EV) and energy storage system (ESS) markets expand, electrolytic copper foil has become a key anode current collector influencing battery energy density and safety. However, its development is constrained by complex trade-offs among multiple performance criteria. Conventional patent analysis, such as the OS matrix, often fails to differentiate viable innovation opportunities from technically infeasible gaps. To address this limitation, this study proposes a Contradiction-based Objective-Solution (C-OS) matrix by integrating the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) into patent landscape analysis. While the conventional OS matrix identified the "Hydroxyl-Thermal Stability" region as a primary white space, the C-OS matrix, incorporating weighted technical contradictions, revealed it as a false white space with prohibitive trade-offs. Instead, the C-OS framework identified the sulfonic acid-based group as a viable white space with high potential for simultaneous improvements in thermal stability and durability. These results show that sulfonic acid groups may effectively reduce pinhole defects and suppress thermal deformation. This study provides a strategic framework for R&D portfolio management, enabling the identification of high-probability innovation pathways and more efficient resource allocation through sustainable technological competitiveness in the next-generation materials development.

Peruvian Andean agriculture primarily consists of subsistence activities that rely on traditional methods. Rural farmers use locally made hand tools, often designed without technical or ergonomic considerations, increasing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. This study examined farmers’ views, needs, barriers, and support in hand tool design, and how they assess satisfaction with tools during potato harvesting. A qualitative study using a phenomenological design was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 13 rural farmers from Yanaca, Apurímac, Peru. A total of 25 interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed via a mixed coding strategy. Data was organized using a thematic approach and triangulated to validate coding. The results from the first guide were organized into five themes: task, human, product, qualitative and environmental. Some aspects such as social and techniques aspects for adopting hand tools emerged as well as enablers like economic accessibility, similarity to traditional tools. Six themes emerged from second guide covering tools conditions for efficient use, pre-work preparation, evaluation of the tool, consequences of a deficient tool, accumulated experience and appropriation; and family and gender dynamics. We found that hand tools used in high-Andean agriculture are shaped by technical features such as weight and handle size, and external aspects like climate effect and cultural familiarity, while material limitations, rough handle surface or inadequate tool size can act as barriers. In addition, efficiency of tools during work, preparation like a sharpened tip, fit between components head and handle, local maintenance facilitates farmers’ satisfaction. These findings suggest that agricultural hand tool design should go beyond technical aspects to incorporate cultural and practical perspectives.

Metabolomics is the comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites in living systems and is increasingly being applied in forensic science and health diagnostics. This review broadly integrates the foundational principles of metabolomics, key analytical techniques, and translational applications across forensic toxicology, postmortem interval estimation, and disease biomarker discovery. Advanced methodologies, such as mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and single-cell metabolomics, have knowingly enhanced sensitivity and resolution, enabling accurate detection of drug-related biomarkers, metabolic perturbations, and trauma-induced molecular signatures. Moreover, integrating metabolomics with cellular and molecular biology offers novel insights into disease pathophysiology, particularly in cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders. Hence, emphasis is placed on the role of metabolite-mediated signaling and epigenetic regulation in bridging diagnostic gaps. The review delves deeper into recent advances in DNA-based phenotypic prediction, trace-based evidence collection strategies, and artificial-intelligence-driven analytical models. The conceptual and regulatory fundamentals of forensic and clinical metabolomics are compared in this review, exposing potential trends for transdisciplinary innovation.

Exploring how picture-book instruction integrated with multicultural education influences students' learning motivation and international cognitive competence.

Disaster response presents significant challenges to the competence of nurses. Virtual reality simulation (VRS) offers innovative opportunities for nursing administrators and educators in the field of disaster nursing education and training. This study aimed to explore the use and effectiveness of virtual reality simulations in disaster nursing education and training. A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework, extended by Levac. The following databases were systematically searched from inception to August 30, 2024: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database and CBM. Two researchers independently screened the identified articles and extracted relevant data. This scoping review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The review included thirteen studies published between 2013 and 2024. Of these, seven studies employed a quasi-experimental design, six utilised a randomised controlled trial (RCT) design and one study used a longitudinal experimental design. The disaster nursing education and training content covered six main areas: triage training, on-site first aid training, infectious disease prevention and control, disaster response skills training, emergency response training for nursing staff and post-disaster psychological recovery training. The reported outcomes primarily focused on Kirkpatrick's Level 1 (participant satisfaction with the training experience) and Level 2 (measuring the benefit to participants from the training). This scoping review identified the research progress and trends of virtual reality simulation technology in the process of cultivating disaster nursing talents at home and abroad and provides a reference for disaster nursing managers and educators to conduct disaster nursing training based on virtual reality simulation technology. This is a review article based on a review of the literature, with no patient participation.

Extraction and characterization of chitin, chitosan, and nanochitosan from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupal exoskeletons: insights into structural, thermal, microstructural, color, and antimicrobial properties.

Hospital medicine is a young and rapidly growing specialty. As such, most hospital medicine groups have many junior faculty with proportionately few senior faculty to support their career growth through traditional dyadic mentorship. As an alternative that may be more feasible in practice, we propose the development and expansion of peer-led efforts, in tandem with training efforts from organizations such as the Society of Hospital Medicine. In addition to logistical advantages, these approaches bring numerous benefits compared with traditional mentoring: potential for greater psychological safety and reciprocal social support, and opportunities to build career-long relationships. We believe that there are substantial opportunities for innovation and for scholarship to evaluate the impact and outcomes of peer mentorship efforts. We suggest several avenues for advancing peer mentorship within hospital medicine at the national, regional, local, and institutional levels.

Metabolomic strategies are being increasingly applied in marine systems, leading to unprecedented insights into the ocean and its inhabitants. In particular, exo-metabolites, small molecules produced by marine organisms and released into the environment, have received recognition as factors that influence marine microbial communities, global nutrient cycles, and ecosystem function. Studying exo-metabolites in the marine system is challenging due to the low metabolite concentrations, high salt content, and substantial chemical diversity, all of which can interfere with metabolite detection and therefore necessitate specialized, often tedious sample preparation. Advantageously, new marine metabolomic methods have recently emerged that improve the coverage and detection of key metabolite classes. Here, we offer a practical guide for selecting suitable extraction methods based on specific research needs alongside a systematic review of five recently published methods designed for marine exo-metabolomics. Specifically, these workflows enable quantification of various primary metabolites using liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The selection process is guided by several key questions that consider both experimental design and the specific research questions. Additionally, we highlight both the practical constraints and aspects of sample handling for each method. This guide aims to support researchers in effectively choosing a method that aligns with their study goals and logistical capabilities, while also highlighting the opportunities for innovation in the field moving forward.

Traditional observer-based medical internships can inadequately prepare graduates for independent clinical practice. In departments without resident physicians, the absence of intermediate supervisory layers creates both challenges and unique opportunities for educational innovation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Responsibility-Integrated Task-Based Education (RITBE) model in enhancing interns' self-reported occupational self-efficacy and professionalism attitudes compared with traditional observer-based training. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a non-equivalent control group was conducted at Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Hospital from July 2024 through July 2025. The intervention group (n = 112) received RITBE featuring primary patient assignments, progressive autonomy, and intensive mentorship guided by a departmental study and learning guide. The control group (n = 75) received traditional observer-based training in General Pediatrics. Primary outcomes included occupational self-efficacy beliefs and professionalism attitudes assessed using validated instruments administered at rotation start and completion. The RITBE group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in occupational self-efficacy (mean change + 18.7 vs. +3.2, p < 0.001) and professionalism attitudes (mean change + 14.3 vs. +2.8, p < 0.001) compared with controls. The empathy-humanism subscale showed greater improvement in the RITBE group (Cohen's d = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.32-0.95, p < 0.001), as did the responsibility subscale (Cohen's d = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.35-0.99, p = 0.002). Interest in pediatric hematology-oncology subspecialization was higher in the RITBE group at rotation completion (42.0% vs. 8.0%, OR = 8.31, 95% CI: 3.36-20.54, p < 0.001). No adverse safety events attributable to intern clinical activities were identified through institutional monitoring systems. The RITBE model was associated with significantly greater improvements in self-reported occupational self-efficacy and professionalism attitudes compared with traditional training. This structured approach offers a potentially viable framework for medical education, particularly in departments without resident physicians, though confirmation in diverse settings is needed.

Purpose We argue that the recognition of prior learning (RPL) and specifically the accreditation of prior experiential learning (APEL) in degree apprenticeships (DAs) in England have challenged established norms providing innovative opportunities for fast-tracking mature learners by recognising their expertise, competencies and behaviours acquired through years of professional experience. Design/methodology/approach We use Neo-institutional Theory (NIT) to examine how the wider context for universities offering DAs has changed in the last decade and successfully challenged the academic versus vocational divide. We illustrate the challenges and opportunities afforded for APEL with three different approaches to APEL on a management undergraduate-level apprenticeship. Findings We argue that DAs provide essential social mobility and progression opportunities for older learners enabling them to use their expertise from work to accelerate their apprenticeship and that the regulatory drivers for DAs have impacted positively on the legitimacy of APEL in degree awards. We also note that the disconnect between the requirements of employers and the perceptions of government presents a barrier for older learners, effectively barring them from opportunities for career progression. Originality/value The paper takes an original approach to examining APEL within DAs using NIT. It moves beyond the discussion of how to do APEL to reflecting on the drivers shaping the opportunities and challenges in promoting this approach to RPL.

Transposable elements (TEs) constitute nearly half of the human genome and profoundly influence hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. In this review, we synthesize current evidence demonstrating that TEs exert dual and context-dependent roles in HSCs during steady-state hematopoiesis, stress responses, aging, and leukemogenesis. Under basal conditions, tightly controlled TE activity can be beneficial for HSC biology, through the induction of intrinsic type I interferon signaling and a fine-tuned control of gene expression. However, dysregulated TE activation upon stresses and aging can undermine HSC self-renewal, impair genomic integrity, and drive age-associated hematopoietic decline. TEs also play a dual role in leukemogenesis. Derepression of transcription factor motifs within TEs can activate oncogenic programs, while TE-derived nucleic acids can simultaneously elicit antiviral and DNA damage responses that trigger anti-tumoral p53- or interferon-dependent growth arrest or apoptosis. The balance between these pro- and anti-tumoral effects remains an open question, likely shaped by cellular context, TE subtypes, and the magnitude of TE expression. Finally, we discuss the potential to therapeutically modulate TE activity. Understanding TE dynamics in HSCs offers new opportunities for mechanistic insight and clinical innovation in myeloid malignancies.

The emergence of large-scale omics data and foundational models has renewed efforts in the field of cancer drug response prediction (DRP). Despite recent progress, challenges such as limited tumor heterogeneity in standard cell lines and inconsistencies in experimental protocols across studies persist. However, these challenges also open significant opportunities for innovation. The complex nature of drug responses, influenced by variations in new patients and new drugs, presents a critical area for advancing validation approaches that traditional machine learning approaches often overlook. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of DRP using advanced machine-learning models, discussing data sources, model designs, and evaluation methods. We introduce a unified framework for testing these models with a focus on clinically relevant metrics. By evaluating a range of foundational and deep-learning models within this framework, we identify performance gaps and propose concrete strategies to advance these computational models for reliable use in personalized cancer treatment, thereby unlocking their full clinical potential.

ABSTRACT Digital nomadism has emerged as a distinct form of location-independent work characterized by temporary mobility, digital connectivity, and transnational labor participation. This paper examines its local economic, social, and regulatory implications, with particular attention to housing markets, labor dynamics, public services, and social inequality. Digital nomads typically high-skilled, mobile professionals generate new patterns of consumption, place-based engagement, and urban demand, while simultaneously straining housing affordability, local infrastructure, and service provision in host destinations. The phenomenon also reshapes labor markets by increasing demand for flexible, service-oriented work while reinforcing global disparities in access to digital infrastructure and skills. Regulatory responses vary widely, ranging from promotional visa schemes and city branding strategies to restrictive residency and taxation policies. However, these governance frameworks remain fragmented and often fail to address equity concerns or long-term urban sustainability. Overall, digital nomadism is shown to intensify existing socio-spatial inequalities while creating new opportunities for urban innovation and economic diversification, requiring integrated and equity-oriented policy responses. Keywords: Digital nomadism; Remote work mobility; Urban housing markets; Migration policy; and Socio-spatial inequality.

The study’s subject focuses on a unified fiscal strategy for fostering innovation within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The work’s goal is to analytically assess fiscal policy for innovation within the EAEU, pinpoint coordination necessities, and suggest collaborative implementation mechanisms. Key research methods entail a review of the regulatory structure and scientific research related to fiscal and innovation policy within integration entities, complemented by an economic and statistical evaluation of fiscal and macroeconomic indicators crucial for fostering innovative development. The author noted that without a coordinated fiscal policy, participating nations might struggle to effectively address international challenges. This also opened up significant opportunities for collaborative innovation within the integration framework, fostering sustainable technological advancement in national economies. According to the study’s results , fiscal policy is necessary to boost joint innovation ventures, and particular actions are needed to coordinate it in the innovation field. The work’s practical utility and scientiffc worth stem from novel theoretical constructs, analytical approaches, and empirical findings, which can lay the groundwork for subsequent studies on economic integration and innovation policy. The research concluded that the key to faster innovation and technological self-sufficiency in the EAEU lies in coordinated financial cooperation and the establishment of shared innovation program funding bodies.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Immunoinflammatory Remodeling in Heart Failure: Emerging Role of the mtDNA-cGAS/STING Axis and Therapeutic Opportunities.