Operational Autonomy Research Articles

The Principle of Proportionality and Operational Autonomy

This article aims to highlight the importance of the principle of proportionality as a basic principle in the administrative process. Through its prism, it examines the issues related to the acts of administrative bodies issued under conditions of operational autonomy, as well as under bound competence. It focuses on the administrative control and judicial supervision of these acts, analyzing their limits and legal consequences.

The Expediency of Administrative Acts and the Principle of Proportionality

Inexpediency is a reason for the annulment of the administrative act when the same is challenged in an administrative procedure before the immediately superior administrative body. We can talk about the expediency of the administrative act only when the act is issued under the conditions of operational autonomy. In legal reality, the addressees of administrative acts rarely contest their expediency. The reason for this is that the expediency of the administrative act cannot be challenged in a court of law, but only in an administrative one, and that before an administrative body in the same state structure as the issuer of the act, which leads to a lack of objectivity and impartiality in the exercise of administrative authority control for the expediency of the administrative act. In addition, despite its legal importance, the legal framework of this legal institute is extremely scarce, which makes it difficult for its proper application by the administration. It is necessary to distinguish between the expediency of administrative acts, their inconsistency with the purpose of the law, and the principle of proportionality, although all three institutes have many similarities.

Delegated Autonomy in Multi-Agency Viable Systems: Social and Systemic Factors During Crisis

AbstractAutonomy is essential for the emancipation and viability of systems and empowers individuals and teams to make decisions and act with flexibility and agility. This becomes particularly significant in volatile environments, where rapid decision-making is particularly important for system responsiveness. The viable system model (VSM) advocates maximum operational autonomy as a fundamental condition of viability. Having autonomy structured in a system is core to a viable design. While ensuring operational autonomy is core for effective response in complex and volatile environments, the paper explores through a case study some reasons why autonomy may not be exercised properly in the middle of a crisis. It does so by analysing the factors that influence how delegated autonomy is perceived and exercised in a multi-agency emergency response system during its operations. It does so by analysing qualitative data collected in a UK county that responded to a major disaster. The findings suggest that discrepancies resulting from systemic and social factors such as identity, values, ethos, and risk aversion created difficulties for operational teams in responding autonomously. The paper offers three contributions to VSM First, it provides insight into the importance of including social awareness and systemic analysis in viability diagnosis to ensure its practical value. Second, it suggests ways to deepen this type of analysis and further clarify the VSM theory about challenges to developing operational autonomy. Third, it contributes to the discourse on system emancipation in soft OR by showing the significance of multi-methodological diagnosis that it includes, in addition to structural diagnosis, identifying conflicts among systems elements as well as human interactions and interpretations.

Review of the Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities for Maritime Small Modular Reactors in Republic of Korea

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) offer transformative potential for maritime propulsion by providing significant benefits such as reduced emissions, enhanced fuel efficiency, and greater operational autonomy. However, their integration into the maritime sector presents complex regulatory challenges due to the convergence of nuclear and maritime laws. A unified, harmonized regulatory framework is essential to ensure safety, radioactive waste management, and accident prevention. While initiatives led by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) are progressing, key gaps remain, particularly regarding maritime-specific risk assessments, emergency response protocols, and cross-border regulatory harmonization. Enhanced collaboration between regulatory bodies, pilot projects, and transparent engagement with stakeholders will be critical to refining safety protocols and accelerating regulatory alignment. Public acceptance remains a vital factor, requiring rigorous environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and transparent communication to build trust and align SMR-powered vessels with global sustainability objectives. While challenges persist, they also present opportunities for innovation and international cooperation. By addressing these regulatory and public acceptance challenges through coordinated efforts and policies, SMR propulsion can become a cornerstone of a more sustainable, efficient, and technologically advanced maritime sector. Successful deployment will position SMRs as a key component of the global energy transition, driving progress toward low-carbon shipping and a greener maritime industry.

팀티칭 보육교사의 교육과정운영 자율성과 동료교사의 사회적지지가 놀이지원역량에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of team teaching childcare teachers' curriculum operation autonomy and fellow teachers' social support on play support competency. Methods To this end, a survey was conducted among 307 childcare teachers currently operating team-teaching classes at childcare centers in the Busan and Gyeongnam regions. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0, employing descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results First, team teaching childcare teachers' curriculum management autonomy averaged 4.09 on a 5-point scale, the social support from fellow teachers averaged 4.02, and the ability to support play averaged 4.16. Second, it was found that there are significant correlations between team teaching childcare teachers' curriculum operation autonomy, fellow teachers' social support, overall play support competency, and all its sub-factors. Third, the curriculum operation autonomy of team teaching childcare teachers and fellow teachers' social support explained 49.1% of cognitive competency, 44.1% of affective competency, and 57.7% of practical competency, which are sub-factors of play support competency. Common factors affecting these sub-factors included a child-centered play environment and interactions, collaboration and participation with families and the community, flexible daily routines, and evaluative support, with evaluative support being the most explanatory. Conclusions The meaningful play environment and interactions, along with reflective self-assessment by educators and recognition and praise from peers, indicate the potential for enhancing the play support capabilities of childcare teachers. Therefore, efforts to analyze and support the team-teaching environment of childcare teachers implementing revised educational curricula are necessary to enhance their play support capabilities.

Automatically Guided Vehicles (AGV) in Agriculture

In this paper, new types of autonomous systems used in agriculture were analysed. The paper shows new self-guiding systems such as AGVs with full autonomy in degrees operation. It explains internal transport and systems of autonomous vehicles in outdoor agriculture. New autonomous systems used outside such as appliance of special navigation systems and their purpose in agriculture are present in this work. Navigation systems with GPS signal and RTK technology, vehicle guidance camera and AI machine vision for manipulation are described. Light and laser technologies for fully autonomous robotic technologies such as LiDAR system in vehicle for detection of the presence of pests and diseases are presented in this paper. The paper emphasized advantages of using AGVs as result of their autonomy, clean power sources without harmful impact on the environment. Navigation in indoor spaces that uses LTE Direct protocol is explained, whereby the Wi-Fi ceiling antenna and wireless APP for horizontal movement of AGVs is shown. The ways of using UAVs for warehouse inventory through web applications with an advanced navigation system guided by AI are given in this work.

Gender Differences in Operative Autonomy Using the Surgical Autonomy Program: A Multicenter Study.

Background The proportion of women surgeons is increasing, but studies show that women in surgical residency are granted less autonomy than men. Objective We utilized the Surgical Autonomy Program (SAP), an educational framework, to evaluate gender differences in self-reported autonomy, attending-reported autonomy, and operative feedback among US neurosurgical residents. Methods The SAP tracks resident progression and guides teaching in neurosurgery. Surgeries are divided into zones of proximal development (opening, exposure, critical portion, and closure). Postoperatively, resident autonomy is rated on a 4-point scale by the resident and the attending for each part of the case, or zone. We utilized data from July 2017 to February 2024 from 8 institutions. Ordinal regression was used to evaluate the odds of self- and attending-evaluated autonomy, accounting for gender, training year, case difficulty, and institution. Differences between attending assessment and self-assessment were calculated across time. Chi-square analyses were used to measure any differences in feedback given to men and women. Results From 128 residents (32 women, 25%), 11894 cases were included. Women were granted less autonomy (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.74-0.89; P<.001) and self-evaluated as having less autonomy (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.67-0.80; P<.001). The odds of women operating at higher autonomy were similar to the odds of operating on a hard case compared to average difficulty (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.71-0.84; P<.001). Men's and women's self-assessment became closer to attending assessment over time, with women improving more quickly for the critical portions of surgeries. Women residents received meaningful postoperative feedback on fewer cases (women: 74.2%, men: 80.5%; X2=31.929; P<.001). Conclusions Women operated with lower autonomy by both attending and self-assessment, but the assessment gap between genders decreased over time. Women also received less feedback from their attendings.

Graduating vascular surgery trainee proficiency in endovascular and open peripheral revascularization procedures

BackgroundEndovascular interventions for peripheral artery disease have increased in prevalence over time given the inherent benefits of minimally invasive approaches. Although it is essential that vascular surgery graduates are facile with endovascular techniques, the results of the BEST-CLI (Best Endovascular vs. Best Surgical Therapy in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia) trial highlight the equivalent importance of ensuring trainee competence in open skills. Recent studies demonstrate increasing case volume of both endovascular and open procedures during vascular surgery training. Case volume is merely a surrogate marker for competence, however, and the objective competence attained by trainees at the time of graduation is unknown. We sought to investigate operative autonomy and competence of graduating vascular surgery trainees performing endovascular as compared with open peripheral vascular revascularization procedures. MethodsOperative performance and autonomy ratings for infrainguinal endovascular and open revascularizations from the Society for Improving Professional Learning Operative application database were collected for all vascular surgery participating institutions from 2018 to 2023. The distribution for autonomy and performance ratings were determined by training level for endovascular and open procedures, respectively. Mixed effects logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the predictive association between procedure type and autonomy and performance assessment, adjusting for training level and case complexity. Subsequently, the estimated model was applied to predict the probability of a graduating trainee being rated as meaningfully autonomous or competent while performing endovascular and open procedures across various case complexities. ResultsSixty-nine residents from 23 programs (12 fellowship, 11 residency) were assessed on 706 revascularization procedures (n = 383 endovascular; n = 323 open). When controlling for training level and case complexity, there were no differences in autonomy (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-1.99) or competency assessment (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.46-1.59) for endovascular, as compared with open, peripheral revascularization procedures. For average complexity procedures, the predicted probability of a trainee being assessed as competent and autonomous at the time of graduation was high (competent: 88% endovascular, 86% open; autonomous: 96% endovascular, 97% open). The predicted probability of competence and autonomy for complex procedures was lower, but remained similar between groups (competent: 73% endovascular, 70% open; autonomous: 92% endovascular, 92% open). ConclusionsThere is no difference in the graduating level of autonomy and competence of endovascular as compared with open peripheral revascularization procedures for vascular surgery trainees. These findings suggest that vascular surgery trainees enter independent practice with adequate proficiency to use the full scope of techniques to care for patients requiring peripheral revascularization procedures.

Neurosurgical Residency Training at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, the Resident Perspective.

Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) Medical Centers play a crucial role in training neurosurgery residents. Although previous studies have examined the impact of VA rotations from the attending perspective, the resident experience remains unexplored. We present a national survey of neurosurgery residents to assess their perceptions of VA rotations, focusing on operative experience, call burden, longitudinal patient care experiences, and overall strengths and limitations. A 33-question survey was distributed by email to all neurosurgery residents who had previously completed a VA rotation within the past 7 years. Responses were received from 77 residents, representing 36 out of 40 neurosurgical residency programs with an active VA rotation. Most residents (79.2%) found their VA rotations adequate in length, having spent a median of 5 months at the VA. Residents completed an average of 11.7 (SD 7.2) cases per month while at the VA, including 8.9 (SD 5.5) spine, 1.7 (SD 2.0) cranial, and 1.4 (SD 1.6) peripheral nerve cases. Many residents reported completing a greater proportion of spine and peripheral nerve cases at the VA compared with their primary clinical sites. Across all postgraduate years, residents felt that the VA offered increased operative autonomy (79.0% agreement) at the expense of total operative volume (98.7% agreement) and complexity (81.9% agreement). Importantly, 94.8% of residents participated in longitudinal patient care experiences, and 59.7% followed all patients longitudinally. The resident experience at the VA varies, presenting both strengths and limitations. Addressing these factors could enhance the overall effectiveness of VA rotations in neurosurgical training programs in the future.

The Influence of Population and Economic Growth on Capital Expenditures through Original Regional Income of East Kalimantan Province 2018-2022

Understanding the degree of regional autonomy in funding development and government operations by raising the possibility of regional revenue is a crucial component of putting regional autonomy authority into practice. The degree of regional financial independence indicates how well the regional government has been able to boost local financial capability and lessen reliance on financial aid from the federal government. In order to determine the direct and indirect impacts between variables, this study used the route analysis data analysis method (route Analysis) with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) software version 29. Path analysis is chosen in this study because it enables testing of the theoretical applicability of the methodology employed, which is the causal relationship approach. Path analysis is a useful tool for analyzing more complex models than multiple linear regression can handle. The government is projected to be able to implement strategic policy initiatives in an effort to raise Regional Original Income, which serves as a source of funding for capital expenditures.

Design and development of a new stand-alone profiler for marine monitoring purposes

Marine pollution is a complex issue that has prompted extensive research. The Mar Menor lagoon, a singular Mediterranean ecological feature, is under pressure from various economic activities, leading to episodes of hypoxia and fish mass mortality. The lagoon is covered by an extensive meadow of submerged vegetation that release oxygen during daylight hours but consumes it during the night. Under exceptional conditions, the water column becomes stratified, with higher oxygen consumption in the deeper layers due to organic matter decomposition. Therefore, continuous high-frequency monitoring of critical parameters affecting the metabolic behaviour of the lagoon is essential. This marine environment has traditionally been monitored with traditional techniques from vessels on a weekly basis, incurring in high costs and yielding limited results. This article introduces the s-Nautilus, a submersible profiler that enables near real-time data transmission in shallow marine environments. It showcases an operational autonomy of two months and significantly reduces installation costs by eliminating the need for on-site infrastructure and personnel. Weighing 21 kg, makes it easy to transport, and it can be equipped with different commercial sensors to monitor various parameters as required. Currently, several s-Nautilus profilers are deployed in the Mar Menor lagoon, collecting data during critical hours, and providing valuable information to the managers of this emblematic environment.

Clinical Capacity Building Through Partnerships: Boots on the Ground in Global Neurosurgery.

Global neurosurgery seeks to provide quality neurosurgical health care worldwide and faces challenges because of historical, socioeconomic, and political factors. To address the shortfall of essential neurosurgical procedures worldwide, dyads between established neurosurgical and developing centers have been established. Concerns have been raised about their effectiveness and ability to sustain capacity development. Successful partnerships involve multiple stakeholders, extended timelines, and twinning programs. This article outlines current initiatives and challenges within the neurosurgical community. This narrative review aims to provide a practical tool for colleagues embarking on clinical partnerships, the Engagements and assets, Capacity, Operative autonomy, Sustainability, and scalability (ECOSystem) of care. To create the ECOSystem of care in global neurosurgery, the authors had multiple online discussions regarding important points in the practical tool. All developed tiers were expanded based on logistics, clinical, and educational aspects. An online search was performed from August to November 2023 to highlight global neurosurgery partnerships and link them to tiers of the ECOSystem. The ECOSystem of care involves 5 tiers: Tiers 0 (foundation), 1 (essential), 2 (complexity), 3 (autonomy), and 4 (final). A nonexhaustive list of 16 neurosurgical partnerships was created and serves as a reference for using the ECOSystem. Personal experiences from the authors through their partnerships were also captured. We propose a tiered approach for capacity building that provides structured guidance for establishing neurosurgical partnerships with the ECOSystem of care. Clinical partnerships in global neurosurgery aim to build autonomy, enabling independent provision of quality healthcare services.

Co-Existing Vascular Surgery Integrated Residencies are Associated with Increased General Surgery Resident Proficiency and Autonomy in Vascular Cases

Integrated vascular surgery residency positions have doubled more than the last decade. Studies have investigated the impact of co-existing subspecialty surgical training programs on case volume of general surgery residents (GSRs). However, no studies have explored the impact of subspecialty training on GSR operative competency. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of integrated residencies on operative performance and autonomy of GSR performing vascular procedures. Autonomy and performance ratings of GSR participating in vascular surgery cases were collected from all institutions participating in the Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning application database from 2015 to 2023. Faculty and self-assessments of autonomy and performance on vascular cases performed by GSRs at programs with co-existing vascular integrated residency (VIR), vascular surgery fellowship (VSF), or no subspecialty vascular training (VX) were compared using Fisher's exact tests with Bonferroni corrections across training levels and case complexity. Eleven thousand one hundred seventy five assessments (26% at institutions with VIR, 46% VSF, and 28% VX) were submitted by 920 GSRs and 343 faculty. Senior GSRs at programs with VSF achieved lower autonomy than those with VIR (P=0.049) or VX (P=0.042) based on faculty assessment. GSRs achieved a level of "practice ready" at significantly higher rates when training at programs with VIR, and at the lowest rates with VSF (P<0.001). However, self-perception of autonomy and performance was highest among GSRs at programs with VX compared with VIR and VSF (P<0.001). The presence of VIR was associated with higher achievement of "practice ready" competency and higher levels of operative autonomy among senior GSRs performing vascular procedures. Shared-learning among peers and faculty expertise in teaching resident-level trainees may contribute to this finding.

Modelling and characterisation of a magnetically coupled piezoelectric beam for energy harvesting gear meshing motion

Gear transmission systems are crucial components for transmitting power and motion in a host of engineering applications. Recently, the potential to embed sensors into transmission components has attracted significant attention for accurate condition monitoring of system health. As a result, embedded sensors must operate in a safe and stable manner, whilst being able to provide a continuous power-supply and ensure operational autonomy. In this work, a magnetically coupled beam-type piezoelectric energy harvester is developed for energy harvesting of rotational centrifugal forces and individual gear meshing excitation events. A new coupled electromechanical dynamic model is developed to explain the working principle and response of the harvester when excited by a combination of gear meshing excitation events, a centrifugal force, and a magnetic force. Since gear meshing events are observed to lead to an increased hardening nonlinearity of the energy harvester, and a decrease in power output, a novel variable-section cantilever structure was developed. Our detailed theoretical analysis demonstrates that the novel variable stiffness structure improves both the power output and bandwidth, with excellent agreement with experimental measurements. This work provides new theoretical insights into the application of magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvesters for self-powered sensing systems for critical gear transmission systems.

A Digital Twin Infrastructure for NGC of ROV during Inspection

Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) provide practical solutions for a wide range of activities in a particularly challenging domain, despite their dependence on support ships and operators. Recent advancements in AI, machine learning, predictive analytics, control theories, and sensor technologies offer opportunities to make ROVs (semi) autonomous in their operations and to remotely test and monitor their dynamics. This study moves towards that goal by formulating a complete navigation, guidance, and control (NGC) system for a six DoF BlueROV2, offering a solution to the current challenges in the field of marine robotics, particularly in the areas of power supply, communication, stability, operational autonomy, localization, and trajectory planning. The vehicle can operate (semi) autonomously, relying on a sensor acoustic USBL localization system, tethered communication with the surface vessel for power, and a line of sight (LOS) guidance system. This strategy transforms the path control problem into a heading control problem, aligning the vehicle’s movement with a dynamically calculated reference point along the desired path. The control system uses PID controllers implemented in the navigator flight controller board. Additionally, an infrastructure has been developed that synchronizes and communicates between the real ROV and its digital twin within the Unity environment. The digital twin acts as a visual representation of the ROV’s movements and considers hydrodynamic behaviors. This approach combines the physical properties of the ROV with the advanced simulation and analysis capabilities of its digital counterpart. All findings were validated at the Point Rouge port located in Marseille and at the port of Ancona. The NGC implemented has proven positive vehicle stability and trajectory tracking in time despite external interferences. Additionally, the digital part has proven to be a reliable infrastructure for a future bidirectional communication system.

Harmonizing corporate venturing dimensions and its characteristics: a systematic analysis

AbstractThe research literature on Corporate Venturing (CV) has increased over the last few years. While research mainly focuses on analyzing one single CV dimension (e.g. Ambidexterity, etc.) or the interplay between selected dimensions, rarely does research cover and explain all CV dimensions and their characteristics holistically. This paper analyzes the status quo of different CV dimensions and their characteristics. To do so, we identified 100 studies we first used to perform a bibliometric analysis. After that, we executed a conceptual systematic literature review (SLR), updating and extending an existing research paper written by Gutmann (Manag Rev Q 69(2):121–157, 2018). The bibliometric analysis results help objectively evaluate and describe the research landscape and point out leading countries, main keywords, main cited papers, and main research clusters of our CV research. We discovered three new dimensions within our SLR: Relatedness, Time Horizon, and Development Stage. In addition, we show new findings within the 7 CV dimensions described by the existing research paper. Even though the characteristics within each dimension have, to some extent, developed significantly over time, each of the dimensions described in this paper contains substantial new knowledge. e.g. previously the dimension “Link to the corporate firm” mainly covered operational and structural linkages. However, we distinguish these linkages between operational and strategic autonomy.

Behind the pattern: General surgery resident autonomy in robotic surgery

ObjectiveRobotic surgery is increasingly utilized and common in general surgery training programs. This study sought to better understand the factors that influence resident operative autonomy in robotic surgery. We hypothesized that resident seniority, surgeon work experience, surgeon robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) case volume, and procedure type influence general surgery residents’ opportunities for autonomy in RAS as measured by percentage of resident individual console time (ICT). MethodsGeneral surgery resident ICT data for robotic cholecystectomy (RC), inguinal hernia (RIH), and ventral hernia (RVH) operations performed on the dual-console Da Vinci surgical robotic system between July 2019 and June 2021 were extracted. Cases with postgraduate year (PGY) 2–5 residents participating as a console surgeon were included. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach was undertaken to explore the ICT results and we conducted secondary qualitative interviews with surgeons. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were applied. ResultsResident ICT data from 420 robotic cases (IH 200, RC 121, and VH 99) performed by 20 junior residents (PGY2-3), 18 senior residents (PGY4-5), and 9 attending surgeons were extracted. The average ICT per case was 26.8 % for junior residents and 42.4 % for senior residents. Compared to early-career surgeons, surgeons with over 10 years' work experience gave less ICT to junior (18.2 % vs. 32.0 %) and senior residents (33.9 % vs. 56.6 %) respectively. Surgeons' RAS case volume had no correlation with resident ICT (r = 0.003, p = 0.0003). On average, residents had the most ICT in RC (45.8 %), followed by RIH (36.7 %) and RVH (28.6 %). Interviews with surgeons revealed two potential reasons for these resident ICT patterns: 1) Surgeon assessment of resident training year/experience influenced decisions to grant ICT; 2) Surgeons’ perceived operative time pressure inversely affected resident ICT. ConclusionsThis study suggests resident ICT/autonomy in RC, RIH, and RVH are influenced by resident seniority level, surgeon work experience, and procedure type, but not related to surgeon RAS case volume. Design and implementation of an effective robotic training program must consider the external pressures at conflict with increased resident operative autonomy and seek to mitigate them.

Disparities in Mentorship and Implications for US Surgical Resident Education and Wellness

Many surgeons cite mentorship as a critical component of training. However, little evidence exists regarding factors associated with mentorship and the influence of mentorship on trainee education or wellness. To evaluate factors associated with surgical trainees' perceptions of meaningful mentorship, assess associations of mentorship with resident education and wellness, and evaluate programmatic variation in mentorship. A voluntary, anonymous survey was administered to clinically active residents in all accredited US general surgery residency programs following the 2019 American Board of Surgery In-Service Training Examination. Data were analyzed from July 2019 to July 2022. Residents were asked, "Do you have a mentor who genuinely cares about you and your career?" Resident characteristics associated with report of meaningful mentorship were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression. Associations of mentorship with education (clinical and operative autonomy) and wellness (career satisfaction, burnout, thoughts of attrition, suicidality) were examined using cluster-adjusted multivariable logistic regression controlling for resident and program factors. Residents' race and ethnicity were self-identified using US census categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White), which were combined and dichotomized as non-Hispanic White vs non-White or Hispanic. A total of 6956 residents from 301 programs completed the survey (85.6% response rate); 6373 responded to all relevant questions (2572 [40.3%] female; 2539 [39.8%] non-White or Hispanic). Of these, 4256 (66.8%) reported meaningful mentorship. Non-White or Hispanic residents were less likely than non-Hispanic White residents to report meaningful mentorship (odds ratio [OR], 0.81, 95% CI, 0.71-0.91). Senior residents (postgraduate year 4/5) were more likely to report meaningful mentorship than interns (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.59-3.62). Residents with meaningful mentorship were more likely to endorse operative autonomy (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 3.35-4.46) and less likely to report burnout (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.46-0.58), thoughts of attrition (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.36-0.50), and suicidality (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.37-0.60) compared with residents without meaningful mentorship. One-third of trainees reported lack of meaningful mentorship, particularly non-White or Hispanic trainees. Although education and wellness are multifactorial issues, mentorship was associated with improvement; thus, efforts to facilitate mentorship are needed, especially for minoritized residents.

Why Principal Positive Leadership Is Important: It’s Mediating Effect on the Relation between the School Context and Student Academic Achievement

“Deficit remediation” as an educational governance paradigm has given rise to many problems, whereas principal positive leadership under the “strengths development” paradigm has the potential to give new impetus to school development. Based on large-scale survey data within a provincial region, this study investigates how the school context and principal positive leadership impact student academic achievement using structural equation models. Research findings show that principal positive leadership as a structural latent variable has positive impacts on student academic performance and significantly mediates the effects of the school context on student academic results; and that the patterns of the impacts of principal positive leadership differ according to the variations of the school’s autonomy in operation.

The Designers’ Perspective on Autonomous Mining Systems and Sociotechnology

Digitalization and automation technology offer new possibilities to increase productivity and obtain higher levels of autonomy in mining operations. Introducing autonomous systems into mining is not only a technical problem in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, nor a problem of safety in human-automation interactions. The systems also need to be designed and developed so that they foster healthy and attractive working environments. The design and development phase of new mining technology has not been extensively studied previously. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated technology developers’ basic assumptions about humans and their interactions with the technology they develop. We conducted five semi-structured workshops within an EU funded project concerned with developing digitalization and automation solutions for the mining industry. The data suggests that many critical functions will still be under human control in future mining systems. The results also indicate increased complexity in the interaction between autonomous systems and humans as the technology becomes more advanced. As a result, we suggest that a human perspective, based on sociotechnical principles, should not only be considered in implementing the technology at mines but also in the early conceptual phases of developing and designing the technology. This will ensure healthy and attractive work environments in the future mining industry.