An effluent risk informed closed-loop framework for early warning of influent anomalies using COD soft sensing.

To identify biological, operational, and contextual risk factors associated with fatal and outbreak outcomes following accidental laboratory-associated incidents worldwide. We analysed 1126 laboratory-associated incidents reported globally between 1900 and 2025, including laboratory-acquired infections, personnel exposures, and accidental pathogen releases. Fatality and laboratory-associated outbreak (≥5 cases) were modelled separately. Multivariate logistic regression, classification and regression tree, and random forest models assessed associations across pathogen, personnel, procedural, facility, and regional variables. Performance was evaluated using stratified 5-fold cross-validation. Eighty-one fatalities (7.2%) and 148 outbreaks (13.1%) were identified. Fatal outcomes were strongly associated with pathogen risk group and class, particularly prions (OR 189.9) and RG4 pathogens (OR 32.4). Inadequate inactivation and leaks in wastewater or aerosols contributed to both outcomes. Personnel type was influential: microbiologists and technicians were more often associated with fatalities, whereas clinicians, researchers, students, and routine laboratory workers were more often associated with outbreaks. Higher containment facilities were protective in regression models. Random forest showed the strongest discrimination (AUCs of 0.814 for death and 0.799 for outbreak). Mortality is primarily driven by pathogen virulence, whereas outbreaks reflect operational and contextual factors. Risk assessment frameworks should address severity and transmission as distinct but complementary domains.

Impact of tunnel entrance/exit sidewalls and Medians on driver behavior: Operational safety risk diagnosis based on avoidance dynamics and trajectory evolution.

Artificial intelligence for marine oil spill management: Recent advances and future directions.

AI Conflict Observer: Conflict severity and scenario identification for intersection based on Ensemble Transformer.

BackgroundCivil aviation cargo operations have expanded rapidly, but the occupational health and safety risks faced by cargo workers are still rarely examined through an integrated causal framework that captures chemical, ergonomic, psychosocial, and operational exposures together.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify, prioritize, and interpret the causal relationships among occupational health and safety risks in civil aviation cargo operations from a worker-centered perspective.MethodsThe study employs a comprehensive dataset drawn from industry professionals and applies the Fermatean Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FF-DEMATEL) method. This approach enables the analysis of complex interrelationships among risk factors, offering a systematic framework for understanding the dynamics of aviation cargo hazards. FF-DEMATEL was applied to 16 cargo-related risk factors evaluated by three occupational safety experts. Expert weights were derived through a machine-learning-based dimensionality reduction procedure using age, occupational safety experience, and firm tenure, enabling the model to reflect both interdependence and expert heterogeneity.ResultsThe analysis reveals a network of critical risks, including improper cargo loading, closed storage conditions, hazardous substances, and unpredictable customer demands. The FF-DEMATEL method identifies both cause and effect relationships among these factors, highlighting which risks exert the greatest influence on overall safety outcomes. The model provides a clear hierarchy of risk sources that require targeted intervention. The leading weighted risks were sabotage, time pressure, incorrect loading of cargo, customer-related uncertainty, and third stakeholder effects. Prominence values showed that sabotage and time pressure were the dominant drivers of the system, while incorrect loading of cargo emerged mainly as an effect factor. A robustness check based on row sums of the normalized and total relation matrices preserved the same upper-tier risk set, supporting the consistency of the prioritization.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that security management, workload and schedule control, loading discipline, and stakeholder coordination should be prioritized together rather than addressed separately. By translating causal risk interactions into concrete priorities, the study offers practical guidance for improving worker protection and operational resilience in civil aviation cargo systems. The findings underscore the necessity of implementing proactive risk management strategies in air cargo operations. Emphasizing the role of advanced analytical methods and a strong safety culture, the study offers actionable recommendations to industry stakeholders.

Machine learning early warning for urban heat risk with CMIP6 projections.

Advancements in digital technology have compelled the banking industry to undergo continuous business transformation. This strategic shift aims to improve service quality, optimize operational efficiency, and boost corporate competitiveness. Conversely, digital adaptation also introduces novel risks that require effective mitigation through the framework of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). This study evaluates the implementation of ERM alongside digital transformation at PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk from 2021 to 2025, while exploring their correlation with corporate performance. Utilizing data extracted from the annual reports of PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk spanning 2021–2025, this research employs a descriptive qualitative approach integrated with case study and content analysis methods. The findings demonstrate that Bank Mandiri consistently strengthens all eight pillars of ERM risk dimensions, which include credit, market, liquidity, operational, legal, compliance, strategic, and reputational risks throughout the observation period. Simultaneously, the bank’s digital breakthroughs are executed through key initiatives, namely Livin' by Mandiri, Kopra by Mandiri, Smart Branch, Digital Ecosystem Development, and the Integrated Digital Platform. The synergistic integration between ERM and digital transformation significantly drives corporate performance. This positive impact is evidenced by a substantial surge in net profit, climbing from IDR 28.03 trillion in 2021 to IDR 56.29 trillion in 2025, alongside an asset expansion from IDR 1,726 trillion to IDR 2,830 trillion.

Traditional detection methods for pillar porcelain insulators, both domestically and internationally, are predominantly direct contact-based, which have certain limitations and drawbacks. These methods pose significant operational risks and are incapable of performing online detection of pillar porcelain insulators in their energized state. This paper proposes a monitoring system for fracture failure of porcelain insulators by combining experimental analysis and finite element simulation. The interface bonding hypothesis and load loading hypothesis are made when the model is established. Taking the actual production of double-section pillar porcelain insulators as the research object, the structural static test is conducted to measure some material parameters of the porcelain column. Based on the theory of finite element analysis, a full-scale model of the double-section pillar porcelain insulator is established to analyze the stress response of the porcelain column and the mechanical behavior of the entire insulator under different boundary loads. A non-contact optical monitoring system for the double-section pillar porcelain insulator is constructed based on the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. The results of the monitoring system are compared with those of the finite element analysis, showing that the system has high accuracy in identifying high-stress states, with a minimum relative error of only 0.7%. This system demonstrates strong feasibility for early warning of fracture failure risks.

ABSTRACT When formulating earnings projections, securities analysts take into account ESG information pertaining to a target firm’s supply‑chain counterparts. This research investigates the informational spillover generated by ESG performance across the supply chain, viewed through the lens of analysts’ earnings forecasts. Our findings indicate that robust ESG performance within the supply chain significantly diminishes analysts’ forecast errors, thereby corroborating a spillover phenomenon. This effect becomes more conspicuous when the focal firm boasts a high proprietary ESG rating, functions as a state‑owned entity, or maintains a separation between the positions of chairman and general manager. Additionally, the spillover impact proves stronger for downstream enterprises relative to upstream ones. A mediation analysis reveals that supply‑chain ESG performance influences forecasts by augmenting corporate information transparency and mitigating operational risks. Collectively, these empirical outcomes extend the literature on ESG consequences and analyst behavior to a supply‑chain setting, offering actionable insights for corporate ESG disclosure and supply‑chain risk‑management decisions.

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in public sector operations, understanding stakeholder perceptions is critical to guiding responsible and effective AI governance. Building on Moon and Welch (2005) comparative framework and adopting the Construal Level Theory, this study examines how citizens and public servants perceive AI impacts on government structure, functions, administrative value, and policy decision-making based on nationally representative survey data from 1,000 citizens and 600 public servants in South Korea, Findings reveal both convergence and divergence: while both groups acknowledge AI’s potential to enhance efficiency and service effectiveness, citizens are more optimistic about AI impacts on efficiency, structural change, and broader institutional impacts, including its use in judicial and legislative domains. Public servants, conversely, holding a somewhat cautious position and express greater concern about accountability, operational risks and negative consequences, as well as the preservation of professional discretion in policy decision-making. These results highlight the importance of aligning both similar and different perspectives of citizens and public servants in adopting AI in governments.

Handheld ultrasound devices are increasingly used in battlefield and austere environments for point-of-injury diagnostics, but wireless-enabled models may emit detectable electromagnetic or radiofrequency (RF) signals that could compromise operational security. Three handheld ultrasound devices (GE VScan Air, Butterfly iQ, Philips Lumify) were evaluated using RF spectrum monitoring (9kHz-3GHz) in a Faraday enclosure and high-resolution computed tomography imaging. The Butterfly iQ and Philips Lumify, both wired devices, exhibited no detectable emissions and lacked wireless components. The GE VScan Air, a wireless device, demonstrated active Bluetooth and Wi-Fi emissions, with internal wireless modules, antenna, and wireless charging coil identified on CT. While within expected parameters, these emissions may be detectable in electronically contested environments. Wireless handheld ultrasound devices may present an RF signature risk in tactical operations. Mitigation strategies include limiting wireless use, enhancing shielding, and increasing awareness of emissions risk in training and procurement decisions.

The term tactical athlete is being used prolifically in the tactical environment, originally coined to highlight the significant physical demand faced by many in tactical professions. While the use of this phrase had positive intentions, there are substantial and important differences between the privileges afforded to professional athletes and the challenges faced by tactical professionals. This review highlights the similarities and differences between the two and describes how the term tactical athlete may not be the best nomenclature for these personnel. By challenging the 'tactical athlete' label, this review highlights the risk of misaligned training and support strategies that may compromise operational readiness and increase injury risk.

As obesity becomes more common, understanding its risks in routine operations is increasingly important. This study assessed the impact of obesity on intraoperative complications during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Retrospective data on elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies across a single metropolitan health network were collected from July 2021-June 2023. Patients were stratified into WHO-defined obesity classes. Intraoperative complication (measured by ClassIntra classification), intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared. There were 713 patients included. Intraoperative complications graded as ClassIntra 1 and 2 were 11.0% and 6.1% for non-overweight patients and rose to 35.3% and 13.2% respectively for class III obesity (p<0.001). Increasing obesity class was independently associated with higher intraoperative complication severity, with a 2.59-fold increase in the odds of a more severe complication category per class increase (p<0.001). Obesity was associated with increased operative duration (p=0.006) but did not increase the risk of postoperative morbidity (p=0.88). Obesity significantly increases the risks of intraoperative complications in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy, as measured by the ClassIntra classification, and contributes to increased operative duration. Despite this, postoperative morbidity remains low with no significant difference in length of stay, complications or readmissions across obesity classes.

ABSTRACT Despite the widespread implementation of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, marine accidents driven by navigational errors and organizational failures persist. This study examines the structural limitations of Safety Management System (SMS) implementation, focusing on certification audits as the primary mechanism linking regulatory compliance to operational safety. By analyzing marine accident data, SMS operational characteristics, and recent international regulatory discourses, this paper identifies a critical decoupling between the preventive objectives of the ISM Code and the conformity-oriented nature of current audit practices. The findings indicate that certification audits disproportionately emphasize documentation and procedural compliance, failing to effectively identify and mitigate operational risks—particularly those rooted in human and organizational factors. To bridge this gap, this study proposes a paradigm shift toward risk-based and performance-oriented audit approaches designed to evaluate the substantive effectiveness of SMS. Ultimately, this study contributes to maritime safety governance by demonstrating how the preventive efficacy of the ISM Code can be enhanced through audit transformation without imposing additional administrative burdens.

Effective risk management is central to patient safety, regulatory compliance, and organizational sustainability in healthcare. In South Africa, audiology and speech therapy practitioners operate within a system characterized by resource constraints, regulatory complexity, and socio-economic inequality, resulting in differentiated risk exposure across practice settings. This study explored risks encountered by practitioners and the strategies used to mitigate these risks. A qualitative design was employed in 2025 with 92 practitioners. Data were analyzed thematically, supported by descriptive and inferential analyses. Four interrelated risk domains emerged, with sectoral differences reflected across thematic and quantitative findings. Public sector practitioners reported significantly higher clinical risk, including diagnostic errors (65%) and delayed treatment (70%), particularly in rural settings (χ2 = 18.21, p < 0.01). Additionally, operational risks such as staff shortages (75%) and equipment failure (70%) were also more prevalent. In contrast, private practitioners reported greater financial risk related to income volatility and overhead costs (70%; t = 3.12, p < 0.01). Legal and regulatory risks were evident across both sectors, while mitigation strategies included telehealth adoption and community partnerships. These findings demonstrate structurally produced risk, highlighting the need for integrated, context-sensitive risk governance frameworks in resource-constrained health systems.

ABSTRACT This research examines the impact of information technology (IT) infrastructure on the cost of equity (COE) capital, particularly within the context of an emerging market. Drawing on the staggered rollout of the “Broadband China” strategy to provide exogenous variation, we identify a significant decline in corporate COE following the IT infrastructure upgrade. Through rigorous mechanism analyses, we demonstrate that the strategy causally enhances corporate information transparency, mitigates agency conflicts, and improves stock liquidity. Furthermore, our cross-sectional analyses reveal a profound heterogeneity regarding the policy’s efficacy. At the macro and meso-levels, the decline in COE is more salient in cities featuring stronger policy implementation and a larger tertiary sector, as well as in regions characterized by lower marketization levels. At the firm level, the reduction in COE is more pronounced for firms facing greater business complexity, operational risks, and retail investor exposure. Overall, our results highlight that IT infrastructure helps bridge information gaps and strengthens external monitoring, ultimately promoting optimal capital allocation efficiency across financial markets.

Ensuring the safety and survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during stall conditions is critical for minimizing operational risks, financial losses, and system failures. This paper presents a novel stall detection and emergency recovery system that integrates an STM32-based flight controller with a multi-parameter, altitude-aware parachute deployment mecha- nism, distinguishing it from conventional approaches that rely solely on single-threshold pitch/roll triggers. Stall events are detected using gyroscope and accelerometer data from an onboard inertial measurement unit (IMU), combined with angular velocity, vertical acceleration, and motor saturation to accurately identify unrecoverable conditions. Emergency responses are triggered within 1.1 s of stall confirmation. System performance was validated through Mission Planner simulations and. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing, demonstrating that parachute deployment at 25 m reduced impact velocity from 22.2 m/s to. 3.2 m/s (95% survival rate), while deployments at 10 m proved largely ineffective (survival rate ∼40%), emphasizing the need for low-altitude impact mitigation strategies below 15 m. Additionally, the system transmits GPS coordinates upon landing to facilitate rapid UAV retrieval. The proposed approach offers improved reliability, multi-parameter detection, and hybrid recovery. compared to existing methods, with direct applicability to delivery, surveillance, and industrial inspection drones. The design has been filed under Indian patent number 202,541,051,308.

ABSTRACT The resilience of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) shipping network is crucial for supply chain security amidst growing geopolitical and operational risks. This study proposes a quantitative framework, integrating complex network theory and resilience triangle model, to assess and compare resilience of six key RCEP sub-networks. We simulate network dynamics across four phases—initial, disruption, recovery, and stabilisation—under four attack modes (targeting degree, betweenness, strength, and random) and recovery strategies. Resilience is quantified through the metrics of network efficiency, connectivity, and independent paths. Findings reveal significant regional heterogeneity. Bohai Rim, China–Australia–New Zealand, and China–Japan–Korea sub-networks exhibit superior resilience in efficiency and independent paths, while Bohai Rim, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao, and Yangtze River Delta excel in connectivity. Conversely, China–ASEAN network demonstrates relative vulnerability. Strength-based and Random Recovery strategies are identified as the most effective for most regions. Accordingly, we recommend enhancing hub functionality and path diversity for high-degree/strength ports (e.g. Shanghai , Hong Kong) in GHM and YRD regions, and strengthening transhipment capacity of high-betweenness ports (e.g. Busan, Melbourne) in CJK and CANZ networks. This study provides a robust analytical tool and strategic insights for building resilient maritime infrastructures within the RCEP framework.

The difficulty of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises is an old problem. Supply chain finance has been highly expected over the years. It has turned into transaction data in the industrial chain on a credit basis, giving financing channels for enterprises that could not borrow money. However, in actual operation, there are many risk events. In practice, risk events such as overdue accounts receivable cannot be recovered, inventory pledge supervision is absent, and the authority and responsibility of the participating subjects are unclear. This paper uses the theory of information asymmetry and the theory of synergy and adopts the method of combining literature review and logical analysis to divide the risks of supply chain finance into five categories: credit risk, operational risk, market risk, legal risk, and collaborative risk, and analyze them one by one. Then point out the specific problems in the current control from the three links of risk identification, evaluation, and execution. Finally, three suggestions are put forward: establish a comprehensive risk identification list and early warning mechanism, formulate multi-dimensional evaluation standards, promote data sharing, clarify the responsibilities of all parties, and accelerate digital transformation. The study found that there is a conduction relationship between various risks, and a single-dimensional control strategy is difficult to work. The theoretical contribution of this article lies in the construction of the analysis framework of "risk type, problem link and optimization path".