Exploring time dependent trends and risks of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides in food.

A risk-based modelling approach to predict human error-induced oil pollution accident in bunker transferring operation.

Slaughterhouses for all animals, including reindeer, must achieve the goal of high animal welfare. They must carry out regular checks on stunning effectiveness and key parameters to ensure that animals do not display any signs of consciousness, and display the expected signs of unconsciousness, in the period between stunning and death. The official control verifying this performance must be based on scientific evidence. Experience gained and scientific development are to be considered when control and regulations are developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate penetrative captive bolt-stunning quality in stunning of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.). We investigated stun-to stick interval in relation to indicators of consciousness and unconsciousness as well as factors affecting the time between stunning and sticking to generate evidence-based knowledge for optimising animal welfare by best practise at stunning. Stun-to-stick interval was measured for 1,590 reindeer during eight slaughter days at two abattoirs during slaughter season 2015-2016. The variables recorded were abattoir (AA, AB), season, type of stunning (cartridge-powered/ pneumatic captive bolt gun), level of experience of the stunning operator (one/three/five years), animal category (calf/male/female), and origin of the reindeer (mountain/forest), number of stunning attempts per reindeer, indicators of possible remaining or regaining of consciousness and indicators of unconsciousness until the end of bleeding. Mean stun-to-stick interval for effective stuns was 44.1s (95% confidence interval (CI 95%) = 43.6-44.6). Longer stunning experience was associated with shorter mean stun-to-stick interval (P < 0.001) as well as a quicker slaughter hoisting process in one of the two abattoirs (P = 0.016). In 5.3% (83/1,569) of one-shot stuns, stun-to-stick interval exceeded 60s, where stunning operators with short experience had significantly more cases than more experienced operators (P < 0.001). Ineffective stuns (> one shot/reindeer), with continued standing posture of a reindeer post-shot, comprised 1.3% (21/1590) of all stuns with significant relationship to adult male reindeer and none to stunning operator experience. Proper standard operating procedures including maintain of equipment as well as a supervised training period for operators as suitable risk management activities are recommended. Official controls could be most effective by focusing on these factors.

The study examined the moderating effect of audit committee independence on the relationship between risk management practices and financial stability of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Employing an ex post facto research design, the study focuses on the 13 quoted deposit money banks operating in Nigeria, utilizing panel data from 2015 to 2024. Data analysis was conducted using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique to account for potential endogeneity and dynamic effects. Dynamic panel results show that lagged financial stability positively influences current stability, suggesting performance persistence. Audit committee independence moderates the relationship between specific risk management practices and financial stability: it strengthens operational risk management and mitigates excessive market risk exposure, while its effect on liquidity and credit risk management is less pronounced. The findings showed the importance of strong governance structures in enhancing the effectiveness of risk management practices, thereby promoting financial resilience. Practically, the study highlights the need for banks to ensure genuinely independent audit committees, robust risk monitoring systems, and continuous capacity building to maintain stability in a volatile economic environment. Theoretically, the study extends the financial intermediation and credit risk frameworks by incorporating internal governance as a moderating factor. The study contributes to banking literature by providing empirical evidence from Nigeria, emphasizing the interplay between risk management and governance in maintaining financial stability.

Flood disasters pose persistent socio-economic and environmental challenges, particularly in tropical regions such as Sumatra, Indonesia. Traditional hydrological and GIS-based approaches often struggle to capture complex interactions among terrain, rainfall, land use, and human activities. This review critically examines recent applications of Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) for flood disaster mapping, focusing on machine learning models, geospatial data sources, and computational workflows. Analysis of selected studies highlights that satellite imagery and digital elevation models remain dominant data inputs, while Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Convolutional Neural Networks, and hybrid models are most frequently applied. Workflow patterns reveal recurring stages of data preprocessing, model training, and post-processing, yet gaps persist in model explainability, feature selection, and generalization across regions. The study underscores the importance of integrating multi-source data, standardizing workflows, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance operational flood risk management. Findings provide a foundation for advancing GeoAI research and translating methodological innovations into practical flood preparedness and mitigation strategies.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze and compare the financial risks of Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) and Conventional Rural Banks (BPR) in Indonesia, focusing on liquidity and credit risks. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of risk management patterns and performance differences between these two types of banks. Methodology/approach: This study aims to analyze and compare the financial risks of Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) and Conventional Rural Banks (BPR) in Indonesia, focusing on liquidity and credit risks. The data analysis used is time series analysis with the ARIMA method. Results/findings: The findings reveal that BPRS generally maintains higher liquidity ratios with lower liquidity risk compared to BPR, although both bank types exhibit credit risk above the recommended threshold. The forecasting results indicate that BPRS is likely to maintain its liquidity and reduce non-performing financing in the coming period, while BPR faces declining liquidity and persistent non-performing loan issues. Conclusion: Islamic and conventional rural banks show different financial risk profiles, with conventional banks facing higher liquidity and loan risks, while Islamic banks generally maintain stronger liquidity but remain exposed to financing risks. Limitations: This study is limited by its focus on quantitative indicators and historical data, without incorporating qualitative or macroeconomic factors. The use of ARIMA may not fully capture sudden structural changes or regulatory impacts. Contribution: The study offers insights for improving risk management and compares Islamic and conventional rural banks in a developing country.

Purpose: Synthetic food dyes remain pervasive in the U.S. processed-food supply, with exposure concentrated among children and shaped by product formulation, purchasing patterns, and labeling practices. While clinical and toxicological literature increasingly emphasizes heterogeneous susceptibility, regulatory decision-making still faces operational challenges: translating complex evidence into proportionate, implementable risk-management actions. This study proposes a regulatory-science framework that integrates exposure monitoring, decision indicators, and post-market surveillance to strengthen governance for pediatric-relevant dye exposure. Methodology: A conceptual framework was developed using a structured narrative synthesis of (i) clinical evidence on neurobehavioral sensitivity in subgroups, (ii) mechanistic/toxicological plausibility (including oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling), and (iii) regulatory documentation and exposure-context materials from major authorities. The framework was built through an iterative design-science logic: identification of governance gaps; definition of decision indicators; specification of operational levers (benchmark reassessment, labeling as risk communication, surveillance triggers); and articulation of an implementation pathway suitable for routine oversight. Findings: The proposed framework addresses three recurring governance gaps: (1) limited integration of contemporary pediatric exposure patterns into decision thresholds; (2) insufficient operational treatment of heterogeneity and susceptible subgroups; and (3) underutilization of labeling salience and surveillance loops as low-burden risk-management tools. The framework provides a practical approach for tiering exposure contexts, specifying triggers for reassessment, and strengthening post-market monitoring without requiring categorical hazard assumptions. Practical Implications: A proportionate governance model can reduce preventable risk in high-exposure pediatric contexts by improving transparency, enabling caregiver-level exposure management, and supporting periodic reassessment anchored in real-world consumption. The framework is designed to be implementable through existing regulatory infrastructure and adaptable to evolving evidence. Originality: This paper contributes a decision-oriented, implementable governance framework that translates multidisciplinary evidence into operational oversight mechanisms, emphasizing pediatric exposure concentration, susceptibility, and surveillance-driven iteration.

Purpose – This study aims to examine the development, structure, and research focus of the literature on supply chain transformation in the context of global disruptions Methodology – This research applies a quantitative bibliometric analysis based on data retrieved from the Scopus database and VOSviewer to identify publication trends, citation patterns, international collaboration, and thematic clusters Findings – The results indicate a steady growth in publications, highlighting the increasing academic attention to supply chain resilience and operational risk management. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals four dominant research themes Research limitations – This study only used data from the Scopus database in the period 2021-2025 Practical implications – Highlight the importance of combining operational strategies with digital capabilities, expanding supplier sources, and increasing the flexibility of supply chain networks to address ongoing uncertainty.

Monitoring tailings storage facilities with multi-temporal DInSAR: A systematic review.

This study investigates the impact of organizational factors and digital transformation on operational risk management (ORM) in Vietnamese commercial banks. Employing a mixed-methods approach, qualitative interviews with 25 senior risk experts helped refine measurement scales, followed by a large-scale quantitative survey with 958 valid responses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) reveals that the internal environment is the most influential driver of ORM, while the awareness and operation of the ERM framework (AOF) play a critical mediating role. Results emphasize that effective ORM requires a strong risk-aware culture, integrated digital systems, and clear risk communication. The study contributes theoretically by demonstrating a dual-channel mechanism, direct and mediated, through which organizational and technological factors shape ORM effectiveness. Practically, the findings highlight that sustainable ORM requires fostering a risk-aware culture, enhancing communication, aligning technology with ERM frameworks, and integrating risk management into strategic objectives. Policy recommendations emphasize the importance of leadership commitment, ethical governance, and systematic training to strengthen the internal environment and institutionalize ERM maturity, thereby enabling Vietnamese banks to build resilience and competitiveness in an increasingly digitalized financial landscape. Finally, enhancing leadership accountability, strengthening risk culture, and embedding ERM into daily operations and strategy.

Objectives: Lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity, cognitive engagement, social interaction, diet, sleep, and vascular risk management are increasingly recognized as contributors to cognitive aging and dementia risk. Although many middle-aged and older adults express interest in maintaining brain health, less is known about their beliefs about brain-healthy behaviors or their preferences for receiving multicomponent brain health interventions. This study examined adults' ratings of the usefulness of a wide range of lifestyle activities for brain health and their preferred formats for receiving support. Methods: A 60-item online survey was administered to compensated volunteers aged 40 years and older through a commercial provider. The questionnaire assessed perceived usefulness of lifestyle-based brain health activities and preferred intervention delivery formats. The analytic sample included 761 respondents. Descriptive statistics were computed for all ratings and differences by age group and gender were tested using MANOVA with post hoc comparisons adjusted for multiple testing. Results: Participants endorsed many lifestyle activities as helpful for brain health. Mentally stimulating activities, good sleep, stress management, and creative activities received the highest ratings, whereas strength training, meditation, language learning, and computer-based cognitive training were rated lower. Aerobic exercise and mentally stimulating activities were most frequently selected as the single most important activity. Significant effects of age, gender, and their interaction were observed, with younger men and older women generally rating activities more favorably. With respect to desire for services, over half of participants preferred receiving a cognitive assessment, and many favored online education or app-based tools. Conclusions: Middle-aged and older adults recognize a wide range of lifestyle factors as potentially beneficial for brain health and express strong interest in structured support, particularly assessments and digital resources. These findings can inform the design of flexible, multicomponent brain health interventions aligned with adults' preferences and priorities.

Contributing factors of pediatric medication errors involving high-alert medications: A qualitative content analysis of self-reported medication safety incidents.

Purpose This practitioner paper translates peer-reviewed research on restaurant worker mental models into actionable strategies for implementing artificial intelligence (AI)-driven reservation and personalization systems. The paper aims to address the critical disconnect between AI technology capabilities and worker acceptance, which causes 60–70% of hospitality technology implementations to fail despite technical sophistication. Design/methodology/approach Drawing from pathfinder network analysis of 25 restaurant workers’ cognitive structures (Iyer, Reynolds, Nam, &amp; Jeong, 2024), this paper synthesizes findings with current AI hospitality literature to develop a human-centered implementation framework. The mental model alignment matrix evaluates AI features against workers' cognitive frameworks across operational flow, interpersonal dynamics and risk management dimensions. Findings Restaurant workers organize their understanding through three interconnected domains that determine technology acceptance. Workers evaluate AI systems based on their impact on the rhythm of service. Furthermore, they perceive technology that reduces human interaction as a threat to their core professional identity and incorporate these new systems into complex risk calculations that extend beyond efficiency to include reputational and service quality concerns. Practical implications Managers should position AI as intelligence amplifiers rather than automation tools, involve frontline workers in workflow mapping to identify non-disruptive integration points and design training that develops interpretation skills over operational compliance. Implementation requires iterative refinement with genuine worker influence over system evolution and clear accountability frameworks that preserve professional judgment. Originality/value This paper uniquely bridges cognitive psychology and hospitality technology implementation, providing the first framework that aligns AI deployment with worker mental models. The mental model alignment matrix (Borders, Klein, &amp; Besuijen 2024) offers managers a practical tool for prioritizing features and sequencing implementation to maximize adoption success.

The issue of financial risk management has been a burning issue throughout the banking industry in Nigeria especially in the wake of global financial crisis and the ensuing regulatory changes. Nigerian deposit money banks (NDMBs) face a number of financial risks which can impact their capacity to earn sustainable returns and financial sustainability to a large extent. It is thus necessary to understand the impact of these risks on financial performance in a bid to supervise banks and make managerial decisions in Nigeria. The paper explores the effect of financial risk on financial performance in NDMBs on an expo facto research design. The data were collected using secondary sources in the years between 2010 and 2022 and on selected NDMBs. The study utilised stratified sampling to identify the diversity of the NDMBs as 20 banks were purposively identified to participate in the study. The year 2010 was taken as the base year due to the fact that it was the year when the world came out of a global economic crisis and new risk and governance policies were implemented by the bank management and regulators. The information regarding the financial and bank performance was obtained through the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) reports and Annual Financial reports of the chosen banks. The data obtained was analysed with the help of proper descriptive and panel least square regression analysis methods. The results exhibited credit risks (CRR), cost-income ratio (CIR), total regulatory capital (TRC), and bank size (SIZE) as factors influencing financial performance through both return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). CRR showed a negative coefficient value of 0.0002 and probability of 0.0419, LQR has a negative coefficient value of 0.0594 which is statistically significant (p-value = 0.0498), CIR (coefficient = -0.0281 and probability = 0.0106), TRC with a positive coefficient value of 0.0358 on the level of ROA which is statistically significant (p-value = 0.0457), and SIZE showed a coefficient value of 0.0088 which is statistically significant (p-value = 0.0210). While CRR negatively and significantly influenced ROE with a negative coefficient value of 0.0039 and probability of 0.0254, LQR had a positive coefficient value of 0.0867 on ROE which is statistically significant (p-value = 0.0317), CIR (coefficient = 0.0785 and probability = 0.0472), SIZE is significantly influenced the returns with coefficient value of 0.097 and probability of 0.0016. The study concludes that financial risk management significantly influences financial performance of NDMBs. The study recommends that banks must observe strict compliance with regulatory positions on lending and ensure that their credit risk management is tailored towards generating sufficient earnings that will improve financial performance. Also, bank management must endeavor to have a robust risk management strategy that incorporates global best practices so as to improve their financial performance and be better prepared for economic challenges.

Identifying critical node set in supply chain network considering hybrid operational risk management

In today’s uncertain business environment, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in economic growth, especially in developing countries like the Philippines. However, their limited access to management tools and resources makes them vulnerable to risks. This study examined the relationship between risk management practices and MSME competency, guided by the COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework (2013). It aimed to: (1) analyze MSME profiles (income, sector, assets, employees, years of operation); (2) assess the usage and effectiveness of risk management practices; (3) identify differences and relationships across business profiles; and (4) propose a practical risk management action plan. Findings showed that most MSMEs earn Php 9,000–35,000 monthly, have assets below Php 3 million, employ fewer than 10 workers, and operate mainly in wholesale/retail trade. Despite resource constraints, risk management—particularly in compliance, financial, and strategic areas—was rated “highly effective.” Significant differences emerged by income, assets, and years in operation, while correlation analysis revealed a strong positive link (r = 0.6102) between risk management effectiveness and overall competency. The study proposed a development plan including seminars on sustainable risk strategies, simplified loan processes, and digital promotion tools to strengthen MSME resilience and long-term sustainability. The research supports the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 17 (Partnerships). Overall, it highlights the transformative role of integrated risk management in enhancing MSME performance, resilience, and competitiveness.

This study examines the impact of bank stability and operational risk on the performance of scheduled banks in Pakistan over the period 2014–2023. Bank stability is measured using the Z-score, operational risk is assessed via the Basic Indicator Approach (BIA), and bank performance is evaluated using Return on Assets (ROA). Firm-specific control variables, including firm age and firm growth, are also incorporated. Data were collected from the State Bank of Pakistan and the annual reports of scheduled banks, and analyzed using dynamic panel data regression (Arellano-Bond GMM) along with descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings reveal that past performance significantly predicts current profitability, emphasizing the persistence of bank outcomes over time. Contrary to initial expectations, higher Z-scores are associated with lower ROA, suggesting that excessive conservatism may constrain income-generating activities in a highly regulated environment. Surprisingly, higher BIA values show a positive association with performance, indicating that operational scale and income potential may outweigh risks captured by this measure. Firm age positively affects profitability, highlighting the advantages of experience and institutional maturity, while rapid firm growth negatively impacts ROA, reflecting the operational and managerial challenges of aggressive expansion. These results provide important insights for bank managers, regulators, and investors. Banks should balance stability with strategic risk-taking, adopt more nuanced operational risk management practices, and pursue carefully planned growth to sustain long-term profitability. The study contributes to the literature by jointly examining financial stability and operational risk in Pakistan, offering a deeper understanding of their complex effects on bank performance. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.

The development of digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data Analytics, Machine Learning (ML), and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has revolutionized management control practices across various sectors. This systematic review aims to analyze the relationship between digital technology and management control systems, encompassing the role of technology in decision-making, operational efficiency improvement, performance monitoring, risk management, and governance. Seventeen international articles indexed by Scopus were analyzed using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. The review results show that the integration of AI, IoT, ML, and digital technologies consistently improves the effectiveness of management control, both in diagnostic control, interactive control, risk management, and environmental management control systems. However, challenges such as data quality, algorithmic bias, cybersecurity, human resource readiness, and digital infrastructure remain major obstacles. This review provides a theoretical contribution regarding the shift in the management control paradigm from deductive logic to algorithmic and data-driven, while also offering a future research agenda related to AI governance, explainability, and technology integration in control systems.

This article examines civil law mechanisms for regulating information security and risk management in Ukraine within the context of European integration. The information society and the mechanism of interaction between its components are identified and characterised. It is noted that the information society is the result of profound transformations in the fields of technology, economics and law, which are radically changing the nature of social and legal relations. The features of legal regulation of personal protection and risk management in the digital space in the context of European integration are analysed. The relevance and problems of modern mechanisms for ensuring information security, in particular in Ukraine, are examined, and the need to harmonise legislation with international standards, such as European Union directives and Council of Europe conventions, is emphasised. Information security is interpreted as a system of legal and technical measures to protect the rights and interests of subjects in digital relations, with a particular emphasis on liability, compensation for damage and preventive measures. The role of civil law instruments in forming an effective protection system in the context of modern cyber threats and globalisation, which contributes to the improvement of the legal culture and legal stability of the Ukrainian information space, is examined. It is noted that the modern understanding of information security in the context of civil law is formed at the intersection of national legislation, international standards and doctrinal approaches. Information security is considered not only as a sphere of public administration, but also as an important element of civil law relations that directly affects the rights of individuals and legal entities. Arguments are presented regarding the need to improve legal mechanisms, taking into account international standards and EU practice, particularly in the areas of risk management, contractual and insurance activities, which will contribute to increasing Ukraine's legal stability. It has been established that information security is becoming an important subject of civil law, and its protection requires the integration of technical, managerial and legal instruments. It is proposed to supplement civil legislation and other regulatory acts regarding the civil law mechanism for regulating information security and risk management in Ukraine.

Business Continuity Risk Management and Organizational Performance in UAE Public Organizations: A Conceptual Framework Based on the Resource-Based View