Operation Of Facilities Research Articles

Practical Application and Management of Information Communication Technology (ICT) to Enhance the Performance of Ugandan Secondary Schools in West Nile

This study focuses on the contribution that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can make to improving teacher and student performance in secondary schools in West Nile Region, Uganda. Examines the existing ICT implementation, assesses integration and potential benefits issues, and analyses the relationship between ICT usage and learning outcomes. The research is focused on showing that ICT can go global and how it connects Uganda’s secondary schools in West Nile to global education networks. ICT enhances global learning through active participation, innovation, and flexibility through access to international resources and embracing cross-boundary collaboration and virtual interchanges. This has improved student achievement but also endows students and teachers with the competencies to prosper in a globally connected environment. Ugandan schools have poorly developed ICT facilities, but schools embrace ICT education and facilities for operations. The study centers on specific ICT issues in West Nile schools and explores the possibility of using ICT to raise aggregate performance and efficiency in communication, collaboration, and organizational management. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 400 respondents, including teachers and students from 10 secondary schools. Data collection tools included questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative analysis was performed using SPSS, while NVivo was used for qualitative analysis. Ethical considerations were strictly adhered to protect participants' rights. While observing ICT integration in teaching across the ten selected secondary schools in West Nile and surveying 100 teachers, researchers found that 55.6% of them sometimes, 33.3% consistently, and 11% seldom integrate ICT in their teaching. This limited integration is due to a lack of ICT equipment, for example, computers, projectors, and internet connections; inadequate teacher education, where the majority of the teachers are found to be either lacking skills or self-confidence to incorporate ICT in teaching; and limited resource availability where even schools that have procured ICT tools are most often found to be having very few that are inadequacy for the needs of both teacher and students to make effective use of. These results raise concerns regarding the existing disparities in developments and funds for ICT training in West Nile’s secondary schools, with recommendations being made to enhance specific plans to reduce the digital divide. These include making ICT tools a focal area, increasing internet connection, and providing training activities that would increase and develop the competencies of the teaching staff. They seek to devise a technological learning atmosphere to enhance education, teacher, and student learning outcomes

BIM for management, operation and maintenance of facilities: scientometric and systematic review

Resumo Nos últimos anos a análise das condições de empreendimentos durante a fase de operação tem ganhado atenção, inclusive com o uso do Building Information Modeling (BIM). Neste âmbito, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo delinear as fronteiras do conhecimento e identificar direções de pesquisa futuras no que diz respeito aos usos do BIM para fins de gestão, operação e manutenção de instalações. Foi empregado um método misto de revisão que associou a análise cientométrica e revisão sistemática da literatura. Para condução da revisão inicialmente foram identificadas 4050 publicações da base de dados Scopus, que foram filtrados por meio do protocolo PRISMA e resultaram em 1004 publicações a serem analisadas. A frequência de fontes e citações e as redes de coocorrência de palavras-chave, de coautoria e de países compuseram a primeira análise. Em seguida, a análise sistemática do conjunto de dados foi realizada com o agrupamento das pesquisas em oito categorias diferentes. Como resultado, foi possível identificar que o campo “BIM para gestão, operação e manutenção das instalações” está em crescimento e que as finalidades de aplicação neste âmbito têm sido ampliadas, além de haver uma associação promissora das tecnologias emergentes com o BIM para este fim.

Resilience Among Patients With Chronic Mental Illnesses Residing in Halfway Houses

Resilience, an increasingly important concept in the field of mental illness, refers to the active process by which individuals with mental illness positively adapt to adversity, facilitating their reintegration into society and return to the community. However, the recent pandemic has significantly impacted rehabilitation facility operations, affecting rehabilitation processes and personnel management. Thus, in the post-pandemic period, there is a need for empirical studies to revalidate the resilience of patients in halfway houses and the factors influencing it. The aims of the study were to explore the resilience and important factors of influence in patients with schizophrenia residing in halfway houses. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, targeting individuals with schizophrenia residing in community rehabilitation homes in northern Taiwan. A convenience sampling method was used and 228 participants were enrolled. Research tools used in this study included measures of personal demographics, psychiatric symptoms, cognitive functions, attitudes towards medication, social support, and resilience. The average resilience score was 21.87 (SD = 8.24), with 62.7% of the participants classified with low resilience. Resilience was found to correlate significantly with age group, educational level, ability to self-administer medication, participation in computer-based rehabilitation programs, cognitive functions, attitudes towards medication, and level of social support. However, the factors identified as statistically significant were limited to attitudes toward medication, ability to self-administer medication, and participation in computer-based rehabilitation programs. A majority of the participants, patients with schizophrenia residing in community rehabilitation homes, exhibited low resilience. This highlights the need for community mental health case managers and rehabilitation home nursing staff to work closely with these patients to enhance their resilience. Particular attention should be paid to patients' ability to self-administer medication, their attitudes toward medication, and their participation in computer-based rehabilitation programs.

Conceptual study of subcritical assembly with neutron generator for reactor physics experiments and neutron utilization

In Japan, critical assemblies are regulated under the “Act on the Regulation of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactions” which provides guidelines for the construction and the operation of nuclear facilities: the core configurations of nuclear experiments are constrained accordingly. In addition, the nuclear facilities are required to comply with strict administrations if the nuclear facilities have more than the certain amount of nuclear fuels. On the other hand, subcritical assemblies are not subjected to the nuclear reactor regulation because the subcritical assemblies are not classified as nuclear reactors. We propose the subcritical assembly with a pulsed accelerator neutron source, which uses nuclear fuels below the regulation amount to ease maintenance and to widen experimental capabilities. Conceptual study of such system was carried out to calculate the deviation between reactivity difference in critical state and that in subcritical state by using the MCNP 6.2 code and the JENDL 4 library. Neutron source multiplication method and pulsed neutron source method were performed. The deviation can be estimated around 10 % by setting detectors in appropriate positions. Additionally, neutron radiography was studied as a simple application. The geometrical shapes of sample rods were seen clearly.

Management of zoonoses in research institutions - lessons learned from a Coxiella burnetii outbreak case.

When biomedical research investigates the human surgical situation in the need of a chronic course, it is more often possible to do so using large animal models. The use of farm animals always poses special challenges for the institution conducting the research in terms of infection prevention and occupational safety. Especially for the zoonotic disease coxiellosis it is important to be aware of the constant risk of pathogen introduction by small ruminants and to take appropriate precautions. In this way, personal injury should be avoided or at least be kept to a minimum in the event of infection since then sustainable zoonosis control can be immediately initiated. Using the example of a Q fever outbreak at a research facility, we want to share with this extended case report the importance of central emergency structures, provisions and the inclusion of relevant experts and disciplines in a crisis team. Its primary purpose is to support the affected facility and coordinate the implementation of necessary cleaning, disinfection and decontamination measures in close contact with the responsible local authorities. The aim is to inactivate the pathogen in a systematic and controlled manner in few steps of action only and to keep the interruption of the facility's operations as short as possible.

Field survey for assessing seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) applications on very small islands in Indonesia

Very small islands in Indonesia face challenges in accessing clean water due to limited space for building water resource facilities, such as reservoirs. Most of the time, the inhabitants of these islands rely on rainwater and wells, which are not sustainable sources due to drought seasons and seawater intrusion. To address this issue, Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) can be implemented in these areas where seawater is abundant. However, there may be obstacles when applying SWRO systems in such environments. This study aimed to assess the capabilities of SWRO facilities, and the obstacles involved in evaluating clean water access on very small islands. We used a combination of structured questionnaires, interviews, and direct observations on two small islands in Indonesia, Belakang Padang Island and Labu Island. On Belakang Padang Island, we interviewed the water resource manager in October 2022 and March 2023 and surveyed 61 households in the Tanjung Sari subdistrict in October 2022. On Labu Island, we interviewed the staff of the SWRO system and surveyed 35 coastal households in September 2023. On both islands, the government improved residents’ access to clean water by constructing SWRO facilities in 2016 on Belakang Padang Island and in 2021 on Labu Island. However, on Belakang Padang Island, the system was not operational when we visited on March 15, 2023. The main obstacles were slow bureaucratic processes for repairs and maintaining the operation of SWRO facilities. These problems need to be addressed before expanding the implementation of this system to other very small islands in Indonesia.

Features of space-planning anddesign solutions to ensure technosphere safety of architectural objects

In the modern world, special attention is paid to solving the problems of technosphere safety during the construction and operation of various facilities. The main goal is to minimize man-made human impact on the natural environment. The designed and built urban development facility is a complex technogenic system. And this system turns into a source of dangerous effects on humans and the external environment under certain circumstances. Buildings are the shell of a multifaceted production technology, which largely determines the degree of an object's impact on the environment in the event of natural and man-made accidents and catastrophes. Constructive solutions approved during planning and construction are designed to maintain a stable environmental situation. They should not allow the results of human economic activity to damage the environment.

Exploring the Impact of Regional Environment and Institutional Factors on Operation Period of Nursing Facilities in Taiwan.

This study examines factors influencing the operational durations of nursing facilities in Taiwan. It departs from previous closure-focused research by analyzing the duration of facility operation. A Cox regression model was employed to assess the impact of regional, governmental, and individual institutional factors on 199 facilities across diverse areas in Taiwan from 2011 to 2019. Results demonstrate closure hazards associated with rising property prices, particularly for rented facilities, with metropolitan locations exhibiting superior survival rates and lower institutional appraisal grades significantly increasing closure. Additionally, operator background, facility type, and bed occupancy emerged as influential factors. These findings underscore the financial vulnerability of rented facilities to market fluctuations and the challenges associated with adjusting resident fees. Furthermore, the study highlights the unique challenges faced by facilities in low-density areas regarding resident access to resources. Policymakers should closely monitor regional factors and consider proactively implementing early warning systems to address these challenges.

Influence of Self-Heating on Landfill Leachate Migration

The hydrodynamic processes of landfill leachate migration in the base of a solid waste landfill can have a critical impact on the natural environment. In the case of improper operation of municipal solid waste placement facilities, highly contaminated leachate may penetrate into groundwater and subsequently into surface water. This work addresses fundamental issues of multicomponent fluid propagation in a multilayer porous medium, taking into account temperature inhomogeneities caused by waste decomposition with heat release. The regimes of diffusion and convection of leachate water penetrating into soil layers in the base of municipal solid waste facilities are numerically studied. Archival data from a set of field and laboratory measurements in the area of the operating landfill are used to model the features of pollutant propagation and determine migration parameters. The process of pollutant propagation and migration is described by quantitative values of dry residue content in leachate. Factors that have a significant impact on the migration of leachate are considered. The main ones are convective transfer, diffusion, and properties of the geological composition of the landfill base, which are taken into account in the mathematical formulation of the problem. The calculations show that leachate self-heating can substantially intensify leachate filtration and has to be taken into account in the assessment of leachate migration rate.

Digitalization, Management, and Synthesis of Thermal-Hydraulic Legacy Data Using the Dynamical System Scaling

A unique attribute of the nuclear industry is the extent by which designers, developers, operators, and regulators pay attention to demonstrating the safety case. Nuclear installation resiliency or safety takes overriding priority over function and performance. The preparation of the safety case heavily relies on extensive experimental campaigns that challenge the target design under a spectrum of postulated accident scenarios. For safety reasons, these experiments, typically conducted in subscale test apparatuses intended to reproduce the postulated accident scenarios and event sequences realistically, but subject to proven similarity criteria, are often referred to as scaling analyses. Since the dawn of the nuclear industry, significant resources have been committed to the construction and operation of such test facilities, and a massive amount of data has been generated. Such test data have been and are still used to validate the fundamental assumptions of nuclear power plant phenomena. As we move into the digital world, capturing this multiple decades worth of information in a transparent, easily accessible, and usable manner for the public and industry stakeholders is of paramount importance. Over the last few years, FPoliSolutions has been actively developing an enterprise digital data ontology platform (OGMA) intended to do just that. The goal is to help designers use experimental data to assess their safety case evaluation models. The platform or application programming interface (API) was designed to ontologically organize the experimental data, as well guide the user in the complex analytics associated with the interpretation and use of such test results. The OGMA API supports the user in accessing a library of sophisticated mathematical procedures for performing scaling analyses. For this purpose, the dynamical system scaling (DSS) procedure invented by Dr. Jose’ Reyes was formulated as one of the services in the digital platform. These methods have been demonstrated to provide an excelled mathematical apparatus to identify similarity criteria or quantify distortions between measured data and the target prototypical conditions. Moreover, DSS can provide a level of synthesis across separate effect tests and integral effect tests that has the promise of yielding efficiency in the evaluation code assessment activities, as setting up evaluation models that support the safety case of current and future nuclear power plants is often a daunting and expensive task.

Optimizing shutdown and startup procedures in oil facilities: A strategic review of industry best practices

Shutdown and startup procedures in oil facilities are critical processes that significantly impact operational efficiency, safety, and environmental compliance. This strategic review examines industry best practices for optimizing these procedures to minimize downtime and enhance productivity. Effective shutdown and startup operations are essential not only for maintaining equipment integrity but also for ensuring the safety of personnel and compliance with regulatory standards. The complexities of oil facility operations necessitate a thorough understanding of the interdependencies between various systems and processes during these phases. This review identifies key factors that contribute to successful shutdown and startup procedures. First, comprehensive planning and preparation are vital. Establishing a detailed shutdown/startup plan that outlines specific tasks, timelines, and responsibilities helps mitigate risks associated with unplanned events. This includes conducting risk assessments and ensuring that all personnel are adequately trained to execute their roles effectively. Second, the implementation of advanced monitoring and control technologies is crucial. Utilizing automation and real-time data analytics allows for precise control over processes during shutdowns and startups, enabling quicker responses to anomalies. This technological integration can significantly reduce the time required for these operations while enhancing safety measures. Third, collaboration and communication among teams are essential components of successful operations. Encouraging a culture of open communication fosters teamwork and ensures that all stakeholders are aligned throughout the shutdown and startup phases. Regular debriefings and feedback sessions post-operations also play a vital role in continuous improvement. In conclusion, optimizing shutdown and startup procedures in oil facilities is paramount for enhancing operational efficiency and safety. By adopting industry best practices, including thorough planning, leveraging technology, and promoting effective communication, organizations can achieve significant improvements in their operational performance. This review serves as a resource for industry stakeholders aiming to refine their shutdown and startup strategies to achieve operational excellence. Keywords: Shutdown Procedures, Startup Procedures, Oil Facilities, Operational Efficiency, Safety, Environmental Compliance, Risk Assessment, Automation, Real-Time Data Analytics, Industry Best Practices.

Application of the integrated well-surface facility production system for selecting the optimal operating mode of equipment

This work is dedicated to the analysis and development of an integrated production system that combines wells and surface facilities to select the optimal operating mode for equipment. The main focus is on studying data analysis methods, as well as collecting and processing information, which ensures high accuracy in process control and optimal use of technological capabilities. The integration of data from various levels of the production chain, from the well to the surface facilities, opens up new opportunities for optimizing equipment performance and improving resource management quality. Integration of wells and surface facilities – The effective integration of wells and surface facilities is crucial for optimizing production processes, minimizing operational costs, and reducing environmental impact. Integrated management systems allow the automation of many processes, providing continuous monitoring of operating parameters, automatic adjustment of settings, and supplying data for quick decision-making. This includes real-time data collection, analysis, and the use of the obtained information to select optimal operating modes, which helps improve both overall efficiency and safety in production processes. In the modern oil and gas industry, the efficient use of equipment at all stages of hydrocarbon production is of particular importance. Optimizing the operation of wells and surface facilities is a key aspect for increasing economic efficiency and reducing environmental impact. In this regard, the development and application of integrated systems that enable real-time control and adaptation of equipment operating modes has become a relevant and significant task.

Determination of Optimal Corrosion Logging Frequencies for Gas Storage Fields

Summary Many of the existing wells in underground natural gas storage facilities were originally designed to extract hydrocarbons, using construction techniques and practices that differ from modern storage well drilling and completion practices used today. In addition to the age of these wells, their primary flow strings and tubulars may have been exposed to naturally occurring corrosive environments that could have degraded their wall thickness and remaining burst strength. This presents a serious risk of well failure and loss of containment for both the wells and reservoirs of these fields. To address this issue, the Pipelines and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration in its interim final rule recommended that all operators of gas storage facilities determine the reassessment intervals required to maintain the pressure rating and flow isolation properties of the flow string of all gas storage wells. This work presents a novel methodology for establishing the optimal logging frequencies required to maintain the integrity casing wall thickness of the primary flow string, which serves as the leading indicator of casing integrity. In this study, metal loss data from magnetic flux-leakage logs run on existing gas storage wells are collected, vetted, and used to derive a probabilistic distribution of linear corrosion rates. Statistical values of corrosion rate corresponding to severity levels are used to approximate the corrosion rate distribution, allowing for deterministic prediction of remaining burst strength with suitable failure criterion models. The modified ASME B31G model is used to predict casing remaining life as a function of metal loss class and average corrosion rate (ACR). The reliability criterion for establishing fitness-for-service of a corroded casing string is evaluated separately using Monte-Carlo simulation, while reassessment intervals corresponding to a particular casing condition are calculated deterministically. The modeling results with the new approach present predictions of remaining life for four commonly used casing strings as a function of metal loss class and ACR. The results show that the remaining life of a corroded casing can be reasonably estimated as a function of static corrosion rate and metal loss class. The most significant finding is that a brand-new well with an average annual corrosion rate of 1.0% initiating instantaneously upon installation will have an estimated remaining life of 28–32 years. Reassessment intervals are defined based on casing half-life as a function of metal loss class and ACR. A field case study is also presented to demonstrate the successful application of the new methodology in predicting reassessment frequency to mitigate risks from external corrosion mechanisms. The novelty of the proposed approach is in the ability to reasonably predict casing remaining life and safety target levels using derived statistical distributions of linear corrosion rates calculated from magnetic flux leakage logs. This in turn allows operators to confidently establish reassessment intervals for future casing inspection logging to identify corrosion threats in a timely manner that achieves a balance of risk mitigation and cost savings.

Monitoring Slug Flow Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing Technology with Different Sensing Cable Configurations

Summary Monitoring slug flow in real time over long distances is essential for facility design, operation, and flow assurance management. In this study, we investigated the use of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology for slug flow monitoring, exploring various cable designs and deployment methods. The experimentation encompassed the use of five distinctive fiber-optic cable deployment methods: three internal cables of varying designs (thin, flat, and thick), supplemented by two external cables—one placed straight atop the pipeline while the other was helically wrapped around it. All cables were connected consecutively and successfully captured the dynamic variation of the slugging phenomenon along the pipe. We introduce different data processing algorithms for slug flow characterization, including standard deviation (SD) downsampling, slug frequency determination, and semblance for velocity extraction. The experimental results indicate a higher slug frequency but smaller slug sizes near the inlet of upward inclined pipe, where most slug structures originate. The structure velocity shows a positive correlation with DAS amplitude or the maximum strain rate, which could be related to the slug size. The flat cable exhibited a heightened amplitude response to slugs, while the internal thin and the external straight cables provided the most distinct delineation of slug patterns. The internal thick cable provided the least sensitivity among all due to its design. Although the linear deployment of fiber-optic cables is more practical compared to helically wrapped ones, their resolution limits detailed analysis of more intricate slug characteristics for short pipelines, such as precise velocity measurements of slugs. Data from the helically wrapped cable can address these limitations, providing more comprehensive insights.

Identifying the active ingredients in payment for performance programmes using system dynamics modelling

Payment for performance (P4P) is not a uniform intervention, with programme effect dependent on several interconnected factors. In this study, a system dynamics model was developed to explore the pathways to improved outcomes and how changes in the design, implementation and context of a P4P programme affected maternal and child health (MCH) service delivery outcomes in Tanzania. A previously developed causal loop diagram of the programme effects was used to inform model development, with further data sources (including an impact evaluation of programme, health surveys, stakeholder feedback and relevant literature) used to build the model. A number of pathways were identified to improved services under P4P, with increased availability of drugs underpinning the content of care outcome (intermittent preventative treatment during ANC), which together with increased supervision, enhanced health worker motivation. This in turn increased perceived quality of care at the facility which improved the coverage of services outcome (facility-based deliveries), and with increased outreach, increased awareness of services also boosted demand. Minor delays in payment reduced provider purchasing power for medicines, with severe delays driving erosion of provider trust and motivation for programme participation. Allocating a larger share of funds for facility operations can enhance performance effects, particularly for those services that rely on efficient drug administration. Contextual factors including limited baseline provision of essential medications, lower community awareness of facility services and dispersed/distant populations reduced programme effect. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and the potential of such models to inform the design of effective health system interventions.

DISTRIBUTION OF LAND TRANSPORT AND TRANSPORT-TECHNOLOGICAL MEANS BY OBJECTS AND TYPES OF WORK, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THEIR TECHNICAL CONDITION

When planning the operation of land transport and transport technology facilities, their technical condition is not sufficiently taken into account. This can lead to unplanned failure of the machines and failure of the planned work by the remaining machines. The proposed methods of distributing machines by objects and types of work are based on the theory of aging of machines, but unlike the performance potential of machines, which reflects the technical condition of an average machine, they are focused on a specific machine, the probability of failure of which is determined using technical diagnostic methods. The results of the study of the dependence of the probability of failure of the car on the value of the inter-control period, the patterns of change in the probability of failure during the inter-control period and with an increase in the mileage of the car are presented. The goal is to increase the efficiency of the use of ground transportation and transportation technology facilities. Method and methodology. The theory of aging of machines, mathematical modeling, statistical methods of analysis. Results. New dependences of the probability of a car failure on the value of the inter-control period, the regularity of the change in the probability of failure during the inter-control period and with an increase in the mileage of the car are obtained and justified. The field of application of the results is the operation of ground transportation and transportation technology facilities.

FEATURES OF THE JUDICIAL PROCEDURAL SYSTEM IN NUCLEAR ENERGY

The article is dedicated to studying the judicial and procedural features related to nuclear energy regulation and dispute resolution within this sector. Given the high risks associated with the operation of nuclear facilities, judicial systems must consider both national legal norms and international agreements, such as the 1963 Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage. This work analyzes the legal mechanisms of civil liability for nuclear damage and compensation procedures using examples from the United States, France, Russia, and China. Special attention is paid to the involvement of experts, procedural norms, insurance issues for nuclear operators, and appeal mechanisms. Additionally, challenges in ensuring the independence of judges in cases related to nuclear incidents and the role of international cooperation in creating unified standards for nuclear safety are explored.

Evaluasi Unjuk Kerja Screw Compressor UP5-15-10 di PT XYZ

This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of screw compressor UP5- 15-10 used at PT XYZ. Screw compressor efficiency is a key factor in the operation of gas processing facilities, then a good understanding of screw compressor operation can improve operational efficiency and reduce energy consumption. The compressor used in this KKW is an Ingersoll Rand UP5-15-10. The UP5-15-10 compressor is used to power pneumatic tools and instrumentation equipment. The UP5-15-10 compressor is included in the rotary type positive displacement compressor, the compressor uses ambient air as its working fluid. UP5-15-10 screw compressor operation, including design data from the manual book and actual data such as incoming air capacity of 65 CFM at a temperature of 186 F with a pressure of 135 Psia getting a power of 13.74 kW from the power specification data of 15 kW obtained efficiency of 91%. The decrease in power in screw compressor UP5-15-10 by 9% is due to the difference in intake capacity between design and actual conditions, this is caused by process needs.

Organohalogenochromism: Toward Colorimetric Detection of Volatile Organic Halogen Compounds

A significant hypsochromic or bathochromic shift of photoabsorption bands of dyes may be observed only in halogenated solvents. Such specific solvatochromism is termed organohalogenochromism (OHC), which has been recently recognized as a photophysical phenomenon. However, few studies have been carried out on the elucidation of OHC and thus there is a limited insight into the mechanism for expression of OHC, although the phenomenon not only is of a great scientific interest in photochemistry, photophysics, analytical chemistry, and synthetic organic chemistry but also has great potential for development of colorimetric detection technique for organohalogen compounds; this technique is expected to be facile operation and simple analysis with sufficient accuracy, high sensitivity, and fast response, and thus allows visualization and real‐time monitoring for toxic volatile organohalogen compounds (VOHCs). In this Concept, we first review OHC of dyes which have been reported so far. Second, the elucidation of OHC based on the interactions between dye and organohalogen molecules are discussed. In particular, we propose the explanation for a pronounced OHC of donor‐π‐acceptor‐type cationic dye from the viewpoint of halogen bond (XB) between halogenated solvents and counter anion of cationic dye. Moreover, an application of organohalogenochromic dyes to colorimetric sensors for VOHCs is presented.

Gas Leakage Risk Management Of Biogas Powerplant Using Aloha Gas Dispersion Modelling And Bowtie Analysis

Biogas, a fuel derived from organic waste, has gained popularity as a sustainable energy source. The adaptability of biogas allows its utilization for electricity and heating. This study aims to evaluate the risk of biogas leakage using ALOHA gas dispersion modeling and Bowtie analysis to identify hazard zones and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive and mitigation measures. The research method using Gas dispersion modeling in ALOHA software can simulate the spread of leaked biogas, identify potential hazard zones, and inform emergency response planning. The results show that gas dispersion reaches up to 296 meters from the leak source in a worst-case scenario without ignition, with significant implications for safety. The ignition scenario produces high thermal radiation, further exacerbating the risk. In conclusion, these findings highlight the intolerable risk of biogas leakage, requiring comprehensive risk mitigation measures. This study recommends the implementation of a robust control system, routine maintenance, and emergency response plan to ensure the safety and sustainability of biogas facility operations