OpenGL SC Research Articles

A Graphics Device Driver Implementation Compliant with OpenGL SC 2.0.1 Standard Specification

Various 3D graphics outputs are increasingly required in the field of safety-critical applications including military, avionics, aerospace, and medical applications. In this paper, we present a graphics device driver implementation of OpenGL SC (Open Graphics Library – Safety Critical) 2.0.1, a 3D graphics standard specification that reflects the needs of the safety-critical field. OpenGL SC 2.0.1 was newly announced in 2019, and only a few limited number of implementation cases have been reported so far. In this paper, to increase its own portability, we designed to only use some functions of DRM (direct rendering manager) in a general Linux environment, while various test results were confirmed targeting specific GPUs, in our case, Intel HD630 GPU. The implementation results can be used to implement 3D graphics terminals in the military and aviation fields.

Visualization Component for the Aircraft Real-Time Operating System JetOS

The creation of visualization component for onboard civil aviation systems is considered. The software used on board must comply with the internationally accepted safety standards. This imposes additional requirements for both the hardware used and the system development process. This paper is devoted to the use of multicore processors in avionics embedded systems for improving the performance of the software implementation of the OpenGL SC library. The ability to use multicore processors in safety critical systems is provided by the Russian-made real-time operating system JetOS. An implementation of multi-window rendering using the OpenGL SC library is also considered.

Система визуализации для авиационной ОС реального времени JetOS

The paper discusses the creation of rendering systems for airborne civil aviation systems. All software used on board must comply with internationally accepted safety standards. This imposes additional requirements on both the hardware used and the system development process. This work is devoted to the specifics of using multi-core processors in aviation embedded systems to improve the performance of software implementation of the OpenGL SC library. The possibility of using multi-core processors in safety-critical systems is provided by the Russian real-time operating system JetOS. Implementation of multi-window rendering using the software OpenGL SC library is also considered.

Design and implementation of OpenGL SC 2.0 rendering pipeline

OpenGL Safety Critical Profile (OpenGL SC) is a variation of the famous three-dimensional graphics library Open Graphics Library (OpenGL), for safety critical environment. It has been widely used for three-dimensional graphics output in military, avionics, and medical applications. In the year of 2015, OpenGL SC 2.0 was newly released as the newest and specialized three-dimensional graphics standard for safety-critical applications. In this paper, we represent the high-level design schemes of the OpenGL SC 2.0 context system and the rendering system. We also show the detailed implementation strategy, for its step-by-step implementation works. These implementation schemes are the fundamental and theoretical frameworks for the OpenGL SC 2.0 system implementation. Based on these scheme, we represent a prototype implementation for OpenGL SC 2.0 system. Our prototype system shows these design schemes are feasible and well-suited even for commercial uses. In near future, our full implementation will be released to the market.

Сертифицируемая бортовая операционная система реального времени JetOS для российских проектов воздушных судов

JetOS is a prospective onboard real-time operating system (RTOS). Nowadays GosNIIAS develops JetOS in the scope of the research and development project. One of the most important tasks during JetOS development is to create the DO-178C certification kit, which will allow JetOS to be used for development and modification of avionics for civil aircraft. Today there is no operating system certified in accordance with DO-178C in Russia, therefore the JetOS creation is the matter of current importance. Using DO-178C requires the developer to have very strict development processes. The arrangement of processes that satisfy the DO-178C requirements is a very responsible and demanding task because of high expectations in the fields of safety and security. JetOS is being developed primarily for onboard equipment based on the integrated modular avionics (IMA). One of the key features of IMA is the ability to execute several functional applications on one target onboard module. The obvious consequence of this feature is a necessity to have a time and resource partitioning of applications. In avionics field application partition along with a host of other features is defined in ARINC 653 international standard, so its support is the significant requirement for JetOS. ARINC 653 defines application programming interface (API) and modes of operation for onboard functional software. JetOS supports the up-to-date version of ARINC 653 (2015) with supplementary services. JetOS also supports the safety-critical graphical library - OpenGL SC; the special implementation of the OpenGL SC library is being developed along with JetOS itself. OpenGL SC services are used to draw two-dimensional and three-dimensional pictures by onboard functional software. JetOS is a certifiable modular cyber-safe real-time operating system, which is designed in order to support several hardware architectures and to be easily adopted for different hardware boards. The scope of the JetOS project also includes creation of the tools necessary for functional software development, especially aircraft systems.

Emulating OpenGL ES 2.0 over the desktop OpenGL

The OpenGL has been the de facto 3D graphics standard for more than 20 years. For the newly developed embedded devices including smart phones and tablet PC's, the OpenGL ES (Embedded Systems) 2.0 is the most suitable and the most widely used 3D graphics standard at this time. Since the embedded devices have limited computing powers, programmers met difficulties in the developing OpenGL ES application programs on the embedded systems. They prefer more convenient programming environments of PC's, and thus, we need emulation of the OpenGL ES 2.0 library on PC's. We present our OpenGL ES 2.0 emulation approach, which works on the Linux-based desktop PC's. Although OpenGL ES 2.0 was derived from the desktop OpenGL 2.1, the details of these two graphics standards are different and not mutually compatible. For example, OpenGL ES 2.0 additionally provides the new floating point representation of GLfixed, which consists of a sign bit, 15 bit integer and 16 bit fractional part. The framebuffer object features are also integrated into the core profile of OpenGL ES 2.0, while it was originally an optional extension of the desktop OpenGL. For the shader language supports, OpenGL ES Shader Language (ESSL) 1.0 is more enhanced in its completeness, compared to the original OpenGL Shader Language (GLSL). More specifically, some confusing variable names are fixed, stricter syntax and semantics checks are introduced, and some built-in constants are strengthened to support more enhanced hardware. Thus, we need a more exact and detailed shader language processor. We finally make an ESSL-to-GLSL translator with stricter error check features. Our design focuses can be classified into six categories: function interface design, fixed-point data type support, core pipeline support, shader language support, framebuffer support, and extensions support. We provide totally 11 OpenGL ES extensions, which was selected for their important functionalities. Our final implementation result satisfies 97 % of official conformance tests, and also fully tested with commercial benchmark programs. Its execution speeds are equivalently fast enough in comparison with one of the widely-used commercial OpenGL ES 2.0 emulators. Using our result, programmers can develop OpenGL ES 2.0 programs on their desktop PC's, and simply convert them into final smart phone graphics applications. Our methods can also be applied to other graphics standards such as OpenGL SC and WebGL.

OpenGL 상에서 OpenGL SC 에뮬레이션 라이브러리 구현

The needs for the OpenGL-family of the rendering library standards are highly increasing, especially for the graphical human-machine Interface on the various systems including smart phones and personal information devices. Additionally, in the case of safety-critical market for avionics, military, medical and automotive applications, OpenGL SC, the safety critical profile of the OpenGL library plays the major role for the graphical interfaces. In this paper, we represent our OpenGL SC emulation library on the OpenGL 1.x rendering pipeline which is widely available on the existing embedded systems, to provide the features of OpenGL SC standard cost-effectively. Our method can provide the OpenGL SC features at the low development cost on the embedded systems, and its implementation is also one of the fundamental elements for the emulation of embedded systems in the PC environment. Our final result now works on both of Linux-based and VxWORKS systems, showing correct execution results at the reasonable speed.

Optimized Safety-Critical Embedded Display Development with OpenGL SC

Optimized Safety-Critical Embedded Display Development with OpenGL SC