A new nomenclature and classification of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) was proposed. However, phenotyping using echocardiography remains limited in accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of cardiac CT for BAV phenotyping and its association with clinical relevance. Four hundred eighteen BAV patients who underwent both echocardiography and cardiac CT within 3 months were analyzed. BAV was classified as fused, 2-sinus, or partial-fusion type. We investigated the association between the CT-derived BAV phenotype and types of BAV dysfunction and aortopathy. CT-derived BAV phenotypes showed 58.6% concordance with echocardiography-based phenotypes. Fifty patients (12.0%) had a partial-fusion type based on echocardiography, but 124 patients (29.7%) had this type based on CT. CT-derived fused and 2-sinus type had a higher incidence of significant aortic stenosis than the other CT-based phenotypes [adjusted odds ratio (aOR):1.21, 95%CI: 1.12-1.31, p < 0.001; aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.23, p = 0.002, respectively]. Partial-fusion type was associated with a higher incidence of significant aortic regurgitation (aOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.38-1.63, p < 0.001) and lower incidence of ascending-type aortopathy (aOR:0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.97, p = 0.008). In the 2-sinus BAV subgroup, a latero-lateral opening was more significantly associated with all types of aortopathy than the antero-posterior opening type (aOR:1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.43, p = 0.011). Cardiac CT provides accurate information for BAV phenotype using the new nomenclature system. CT-derived BAV phenotyping is associated with types of BAV dysfunction and aortopathy and may therefore be useful for risk prediction in patients with a BAV. Question Echocardiographic phenotyping of BAV is limited in accuracy. This study evaluated the utility and clinical relevance of CT-based BAV phenotyping. Findings CT and echocardiography showed 58.6% agreement in BAV phenotyping. CT identified more partial-fusion types and was significantly associated with valve dysfunction and aortic disease. Clinical relevance Cardiac CT provides accurate BAV phenotyping using the new nomenclature. CT-derived phenotype correlates with BAV dysfunction and aortic disease, suggesting its potential role in risk stratification and personalized management of patients with BAV.

BackgroundUmbilical or paraumbilical hernia repair is relatively common in general surgical procedures, including laparoscopic and open repair. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to prove which surgical approach is related to better postoperative outcomes.MethodsThe meta-analysis was based on the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The related studies were searched and retrieved from major databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science). Both random and fixed-effects models were used to calculate the pooled effect size.ResultsNine observation studies and four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 5458 patients were finally analyzed. The open group shows a longer duration of hospital stays (MD = -71.01; 95% CI: -108.52, -33.51; P = 0.0002), a higher incidence rate early complications (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.77; P = 0.003), and recurrence (OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.26; P < 0.00001) compared with the laparoscopic group. The subgroup analysis of open repair types showed a higher incidence of recurrence rate (P = 0.008) in the open suture group compared to the open mesh group. Notably, in comparison with the laparoscopic group, early complications (P = 0.01 and P = 0.0003) and recurrence (P = 0.04 and P < 0.00001) were more common in the open repair with and without mesh groups separately.ConclusionIn umbilical or paraumbilical hernia patients, compared to the laparoscopic repair, hospital stays, early complications, and recurrence were more common in the open repair. Moreover, a higher incidence rate of recurrence was observed in the open suture repair compared with the open mesh repair.

Twenty-Five Years of Open Type A Aortic Dissection Repair: Influence of Surgical Evolution and Patient Selection on Outcomes.

Open testers of Alsace-Lorraine, LTRA (Russian Tester VNIIPO), Tag, microtester of McCutchan-Young, semi-automatic and automatic devices of McBurney, Wight, Goreltsev and Lifshits, Rudoi and Peschenko, Belarusian State University, Standard Oil company appear at the 2nd stage of evolution of development of the method determination for flash and fire points. Express analysis for oil products with flash point below 20 °C was developed by the Moscow plant «Neftegaz». The drip method using a block to determine the melting temperature is created by Gilmore. The technique to reduce the time of testing for flash point is proposed by Sharapov and Fomina. The idea of combining the principles of open and semi-closed types of testers is implemented in the Goreltsev–Lifshits’s device. An example of the transformation of the closed device of the Pensky-Martens into the open-type tester using a special nozzle is given.

Research of Russian large livestock complexes (1,000 heads or more) was revealed that "Karusel" rotary conveyor-and-milking machines of various capacities are the most widely used in milking parlors. To rotate the milking platforms, they use gear motors with drive wheels that frictional contact with a movable providing, curved circular rail on which the platform being driven rests, or with an edged curved strip at the end of the platform locating. When a levitating milking platform creating, the drive power will be significantly lesser due to the friction forces’ actual absence due to magnetic suspension’s technology. The most appropriate option is an open type friction transmission using. The advantages of friction gears include: simplicity of design, quietness and smooth running, automatic overload protection due to wheel slip. A mathematical model has been developed that defines the main parameters of an energy saving electric drive based on the of rotational motion dynamics’ equation for an annular platform. The total moment of milking platform and the animals’ inertia on the torques on the driving and driven wheels, and their dependence of the platform’s angular acceleration on time are determined. The friction transmission was calculated, and the main analytical dependences were obtained making it possible determining: the driving and driven wheels’ diameters, these wheels’ calculated downforce, the wheels’ circumferential force, the specific force at wheel contact, and the gear ratio. The gear motor for the platform drive selection was carried out in according to the maximum torque (259 N*m) and the drive wheel rotation’s speed (3,6 rpm). A 3-MP-40 three stage planetary gear motor with an output shaft’s speed of 3.55...4.4 rpm, a torque of M1 =375 Nm and an electric motor power of N=0,18 kW was selected. To create a controlled mode, it is advisable the electric milking platform with a Vesper E4-8400-SP5L frequency converter equipping. Due to the magnetic suspension’s technology, that made it possible the propellers’ wheelsets resistance moment eliminating, the electric drive’s power consumption from 3 kW (two 1,5 kW drives for a 40-seat "Carousel") to 0,18 kW with one drive decreasing.

The circulatory system represents a highly organized functional network composed of plasma and cellular elements - erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. In mollusks and arthropods, this system is of an open type, and the body cavity contains hemolymph. Conversely, in many invertebrates, all vertebrates, and humans, the circulatory system is closed, ensuring that blood remains separate from lymph and intercellular fluids. The evolutionary advancement of oxygen transport efficiency in these organisms is linked to specific adaptations. In mammals, for example, the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood increased due to the reduction in the size of red blood cells, loss of their nuclei, and a consequent rise in their total count. The present study examines alterations in the morphological parameters of blood, as well as fluctuations in pulse rate, respiration, and body temperature of bull calves. Additionally, it evaluates the mineral and biochemical composition of blood, its buffering (acid) capacity, and vitamin A levels. The objective of the research was to assess the body indices of young animals belonging to meat-producing cattle breeds - Kazakh White-headed, Simmental, Auliekol, and Limousin - at 8, 12, 15, and 18 months of age. Scientific and economic observations were conducted at the Tokmansai LLP farm, both located in the Alginsky district of Aktobe region, Republic of Kazakhstan. The experimental design included four groups of bull calves:Group I - Kazakh White-headed breed (n=20); Group II - F1 crossbreds of Simmental × Kazakh White-headed (´×´) (n=20); Group III - F1 crossbreds of Limousin × Kazakh White-headed (´×´) (n=20); Group IV - F1 crossbreds of Auliekol × Kazakh White-headed (´×´) (n=20).

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of a Phase I cardiopulmonary rehabilitation nursing protocol on functional outcomes in patients after open Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) surgery. Methods: A total of 64 patients who underwent open TAAD surgery in the hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the study group using a random number table, with 32 patients in each group. The control group received routine cardiopulmonary rehabilitation intervention, while the study group received a Phase I cardiopulmonary rehabilitation nursing protocol guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. The 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) score, time to first postoperative ambulation, incidence of hypoxemia, incidence of hypoxemia-related complications, and incidence of rehabilitation nursing-related adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results: After intervention, the study group had a longer 6MWD, lower Borg RPE score, earlier time to first postoperative ambulation, and lower incidence of hypoxemia than the control group (all P &lt; 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of hypoxemia-related complications or rehabilitation nursing-related adverse events between the two groups (both P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The Phase I cardiopulmonary rehabilitation nursing protocol guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior is scientific, feasible, and clinically relevant for TAAD patients. It can improve patients’ exercise capacity and reduce the incidence of hypoxemia.

ABSTRACT The Carrenzien Inland Dune Complex (IDC) in the glacial Elbe Valley, Northern Germany, is home to highly endangered nutrient-poor habitat types. We assessed the effect of historical land use on the occurrence of today’s forest habitats by analysing five maps and geographical data from 1714 to 2015, displayed land use on the Carrenzien IDC and in the adjacent river flood plains, created a multitemporal GIS-analysis using the overlay method, and evaluated the effect using a Generalised Linear Model (GLM). The dune field changed from open land biotope and habitat types to an entirely forested area within 300 years. Anthropogenic drainage systems in the river valley transformed the wetland into an agricultural landscape after 1881. The Deschampsia Pinus community shows a significant association with areas of historical arable land and therefore represents a legacy of historical land use. We propose that this historical context should be considered in future nature conservation planning.

A 2.2 kg male neonate, born at 41 weeks of gestation via lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) to a gravida 4, para 3, live 3 (G4, P3, L3) mother. The neonate was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to the presence of soft tissue swelling on the lower back and meconium-stained liquor (MSL). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) whole spine was performed, which revealed spinal dysraphism in the lumbosacral region. Figure 1 (A) shows a defect in the posterior elements of the sacral superior endplate of the S2 vertebra to the inferior endplate of the S4 vertebra. A neural placode with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was observed herniating into a saccular outpouching, measuring approximately 1.3 x 4.0 x 1.5 mm through a defect size of 5.2 x 13.3mm. Subcutaneous fat was seen covering the myelomeningocele sac. The nerve root appears thickened and isotense on T2- low-lying conus. The imaging features are suggestive of an Open type of sacral meningomyelocele. Figure 1 (B) There is e/o T2WI hypointensity in the cord at the level of the lower endplate of L5 to the upper endplate of S2 vertebra. Post-operative changes are noted in the lower back. Figure 1 (C) represents a brain MRI, which revealed severe thinning of the genu and body of the corpus callosum with agenesis of the splenium of the corpus callosum. Prominent bilateral lateral and third ventricles. Cavum septum pellucidum and cavum veli interpositi noted (anatomical variant). Figure 1 (D) depicts the MRI whole body, which revealed dextrocardia without situs inversus. The three differential diagnoses included meningomyelocele, congenital anomalies, and spina bifida. The final diagnosis was callosum dysgenesis and dextrocardia. The neonate was managed in the NICU with a sterile dressing of the lesion, prone positioning, infection prevention measures, fluid/electrolyte monitoring, and oral motor stimulation.

Structural and architectural designers consider flat floors as preferable slab systems in medium-rise buildings. The ability of this slab system to incorporating ducts enhancing its functional efficiency. However, incorporated ducts impacting flow of the interior forces and reducing the slab stiffness, most notably when the ducts pass near columns. İn addition to brittle nature of high-strength concrete. Therefore, the shear resistance significantly reduced and the risk of brittle punching failure highly increased. Thus, the main goal was to evaluate the behavior of the punching shear for flat slabs composed of high-strength concrete that incorporates built-in ducts. For this purpose, six two-way slab specimens were fabricated with a duct, and one solid specimen served as a control specimen. Two main parameters were studied: the distance of the duct opening to the face of the column over horizontal distances of 0, 50, and 100 mm for two types of opening (30 × 100 mm) and (50 × 100 mm), and the duct height with two values of 30 and 50 mm. The outcomes indicate that shear behavior was negatively affected as the duct moved closer to the column face and as duct height increased. The ultimate load capacity decreased most at the column face, by up to 42.1%. Serviceability worsened in both parameters of the study, particularly as the duct was closer to the column face and the duct height increased. Additionally, duct deflection increased significantly, and specimens often failed to meet the service load requirements. The toughness generally declined with both closer proximity and greater duct height. The most severe reductions occurred at the 0 mm position, where toughness dropped by over 50% in both 30 mm and 50 mm duct height specimens. All slab specimens, including a solid control specimen, exhibited the exact failure mechanism, known as punching failure.

BackgroundEradication of Helicobacter pylori alone will not eliminate the risk of gastric cancer. There was no conclusive evidence that eradication therapy reduced the incidence of gastric cancer in patients with atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia.Materials and methodsThis study was conducted from March 2010 to September 2022, and enrolled 1,789 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric mucosal dysplasia. Patients who underwent two or more procedures for simultaneous or metachronous gastric epithelial dysplasia as high-risk groups for gastric cancer, and were confirmed to have H. pylori infection at the time of the procedure were included. Patients who received eradication treatment and underwent endoscopic follow-up for at least 2 years were included. The control group included patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for simple low-grade dysplasia. We investigated whether endoscopy was performed between 1 and 2 years after successful eradication of H. pylori. The endoscopic findings investigated were diffuse atrophy (open type), fundal atrophy, map-like redness, patch redness, erosions (body/antrum), hematin, endoscopic reflux esophagitis, hematin, and duodenitis.ResultsIn univariate analysis, diffuse atrophy, map-like redness, and patchy redness at antrum after H. pylori eradication were statistically different. In multivariate analysis, map-like redness [p < 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–7.59] and patchy redness at antrum (p = 0.02, 95% CI 1.11–4.74) observed were statistically more frequent in patients with synchronous-metachronous gastric dysplasia.ConclusionMap-like redness and patchy redness are newly identified endoscopic risk factors for gastric cancer in patients treated for H. pylori eradication.

Rouviere's sulcus (RS) is a horizontal anatomical structure that runs from the caudate process to the right hepatic lobe on the inferior face of the liver. This groove lies along the common bile duct. The study's objective was to identify the frequency, morphology, dimension, direction, and anatomic subtype of RS, as well as to evaluate its utility as a landmark for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This is a prospective observational study conducted across multiple institutions. The study lasted six months (from July to December 2021) and included 192 patients with an age above 16years with symptomatic gallstone who had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 192 patients with a mean age of 43.55 ± 11.33years with a female-to-male ratio of 5:1 were analyzed. RS was present in 87.5% of cases, of which deep open type, deep closed type, scar type, and slit type RS were identified in 75%, 22.0%, 1.80%, and 1.2% cases, respectively. In 74.4% of cases, RS was transverse, in 24.4% of cases it was oblique, and in 1.2% of cases, it was vertical. In 97.02% of patients, the RS was at the same level, and in 2.97% of patients, it was lower than the critical view of safety. The most significant advantage of finding the RS is that the common bile duct is located below it, and the cystic duct and artery are located above it. Detection of RS is a predictor of safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Aim: This study aimed to characterize the morphological types of the foramen lacerum (FL), perform detailed morphometric measurements, and analyze its anatomical relationships with adjacent structures to provide reliable reference data for surgical planning. Material and Methods: Nineteen dry human skulls obtained from Bilecik Seyh Edebali and Harran University Faculties of Medicine were evaluated. Morphometric measurements were conducted using ImageJ software based on standardized inferior-view photographs. The FL was classified into three types based on patency: normal, partially obliterated, and partially ossified. Measurements included intrinsic dimensions of the FL and linear distances from the posteromedial corner of the FL to adjacent anatomical landmarks. Results: No completely closed FL was observed. Bilateral partial-type FL was identified in 3 skulls. Partial type was observed in 6 (31.6%) skulls on the right and 3 (15.8%) on the left; while open type was observed in 13 (68.4%) and 16 (84.2%) skulls, respectively. Significant differences in transverse diameter and surface area were found between FL types (both p

Unmanned aerial vehicles are becoming a critical element of modern logistics, industrial monitoring, and special applications. Modern requirements call for the creation of UAVs capable of reaching cruising speeds of 200-300 km/h to ensure that tasks are completed in the shortest possible time. Traditional multicopter UAVs with open propellers are effective up to 50-70 km/h, but critical problems arise when speeds increase. At high propeller speeds, the tips of the blades reach speeds close to the speed of sound (Mach 0.4-0.8), which leads to a drop in efficiency to 50-60% and the generation of noise at 100-120 dB. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of open and closed propeller systems for high-speed UAVs designed to operate in the speed range of 0-300 km/h. Using the example of a propeller system with an APC 7x11E propeller at a rotation speed of 25,000 rpm, five speed modes for closed and open types of systems are considered. Calculations and CFD analysis were performed, the results of which are presented in Table 4.1. The validated CFD model showed that in the case of a closed configuration, degradation occurs, caused not by the propeller, but by the fairing, which creates significant drag. The results indicate the need for variable geometry or multi-blade configurations for efficiency at speeds above 200 km/h. The optimal range of application of the systems was determined and engineering recommendations were developed for selecting the type of propeller group depending on the cruising speed of the UAV.

The objective of the study: to study a standardized model of a gunshot penetrating wound of the eye without an intraocular foreign body (type B open globe injury). Materials and methods. The experimental study was performed using a standardized model [1] of 36 Chinchilla rabbits (71 eyes). A gunshot penetrating wound to the eye without an intraocular foreign body, an open type B globe injury (OGI B), was simulated using an air rifle and upgraded projectiles for it. After modeling OGI B, a detailed ophthalmological analysis of the animals was performed on the control days of the study. A set of modern standard and high-tech methods for determining proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were used: ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (USG) and histological examination of the eyeball. Nonparametric statistical methods were used. Results. An analysis of the information content, including comparative analysis, of the used methods for diagnosing PVR proved the relevance of each of them. Additionally, the use of MRI has demonstrated for the first time a high level of information and visibility in the diagnosis of ARV. Conclusion. The study of proliferative signs using various methods of analysis (histological, ophthalmoscopy, OCT, USG and MRI) confirmed the possibility of their use as markers of PVR. It also made it possible to replace these diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of proliferative changes after injury. MRI as a method of diagnosing PVR is noted for its high information content and visibility.

Modes and ecological damage effects of internal erosion of the redbeds.

The article is devoted to the development of a separate aspect of the research and constructive approach to educational activities at the university-the mechanism for studying artistic creation as a referent of the value-semantic orientation of students. The basis of our study is the idea that the creative study by students of literary material and its presentation in the form of a performance show relationships, values and meanings that are relevant for students, allow us to draw conclusions about the content and orientation of their value picture of the world. The problem of the article-how can the products of the creative activity of students become a source of information about the value-semantic orientations of youth? The purpose of the article is to present the results of testing the mechanism of analysis of student creativity as a referent of value-semantic orientations of youth. In the course of the study, methods of not included observation and survey with the dominance of open types of issues were combined. Research material was collected during the viewing of 22 student theater productions presented at the Kostroma University at the Festival Student Spring in 2025. 8 of them were literary and musical compositions dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, and the remaining 14 were student performances on a free topic. Observation was organized with the involvement of specially trained experts.The authors come to the conclusion that the analysis of the structure of the genres and the content of the performances chosen by students for the production is of particular interest, the value core and the semantic message of their authors, as well as the response of the hall to it. The study showed that students are ready for a value dialogue and it is necessary to develop the formats in which it can be carried out; accept the values of patriotism and memory, especially if they are humanized and appear in the images of personal fate; are looking for their own understanding of love, friendship, sacrifice, death; In the student of work, the ideas of the value of life, the significance of its moment are strong, the stoic motives are manifested.

A high yielding herbaceum cotton variety Gujarat Anand Desi Cotton 3 (GADC 3: WagadGaurav) tested as GVhv 767 was developed by Regional Cotton Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Viramgam and released in the year of 2019. It was notified during the year 2020 for the North West Agroclimatic Zone - V and Bhal and Coastal Agroclimatic Zone-VIII of Gujarat. It is a variety derivative of the intraspecific varietal cross between GVhv 104 and GVhv 504. GADC 3 is semi open boll type in nature with determinant growth habit and smooth boll surface. Pedigree method of selection was used for development of high yielding genotypes under rainfed condition. Existing G. herbaceum cultivars show limited adaptability and productivity under the erratic rainfall and marginal soil conditions prevailing in the North West (Zone V) and Bhal &amp; Coastal (Zone VIII) regions of Gujarat. A new cultivar with wider adaptability is essential to ensure stable yield performance under rainfed conditions. The variety GADC 3 (Wagad Gaurav) had produced average seed cotton yield of 2150 kg/ha. This variety gave 34.02, 15.01 and 27.54% higher seed cotton yield and 34.87, 26.67 and 27.28% higher lint yield over check varieties G. Cot.21, ADC 1 and GADC 2, respectively in the rainfed condition of Gujarat state.The ginning percentage (%) of GADC 3 is 44.8% which is equivalent with check variety G. Cot. 21 (44.2%) and higher than ADC 1(42.2%) and GADC 2 (43.8%). Seeds contain 14.9 % oil. GADC 3has recorded fibre length (upper half mean) of 22.7 mm, fibre fineness of 5.1µg/inch and bundle strength of 22.5 g/tex in HVI mode of fibre quality testing. The genotype GADC 3 was moderate tolerant to root rot, bacterial leaf blight, alternaria leaf blight and wilt as well as major pests including sucking pests and boll worm complex under field conditions. These results indicate that GADC 3 is well-suited for cultivation in Agro-climatic Zones V and VIII of Gujarat to achieve maximum yield and profit.

Background: Open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair for Crawford extent II aneurysms carries substantial risks. This study compares outcomes of open TAAA repair following prior thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with conventional open extent II repair. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of 91 patients (2006-2024) divided into prior TEVAR (n=29) and conventional repair Crawford extent II repair without previous TEVAR (n=62). Primary endpoints included mortality and complications; secondary endpoints assessed survival and reinterventions. This study was designed according to STROBE criteria. Results: The prior TEVAR group (n=29) had a mean age of 61.5±10.7 years and 72.4% were male, while the conventional extent II repair group (n=62) had a mean age of 63.2±9.8 years and 69.4% were male. Prior TEVAR patients underwent open repair for extent II (13.8%), III (58.6%), or IV (27.6%) aneurysms. In-hospital mortality was lower in the prior TEVAR group (6.9% vs. 25.8%, p =.07), as were rates of spinal cord ischemia (3.4% vs. 8.1%, p =.55), acute kidney injury (24.1% vs. 35.5%, p =.28), and massive transfusion (24.1% vs. 30.6%, p =.54). Pulmonary complications occurred less frequently after TEVAR (69.0% vs. 82.3%, p =.25). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant survival difference (log-rankp=.05), with 5-year survival rates of 94% (prior TEVAR) and 61% (conventional). Aortic reintervention rates were also similar (10.5% vs. 18.8%, p=.69). Conclusions: Open TAAA repair following prior TEVAR may offer clinically meaningful advantages over conventional open type II repair with acceptable survival rates; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the study's retrospective design and small sample size.Staged hybrid approach could be a viable strategy for managing complex aortic pathologies.

Exposure to violence has been identified as a risk factor for openness to violent activism (VA) or the support of groups and/or movements that use violence to further social or political goals. It is important to understand how psychological and social factors influence this association to inform public health models of prevention. The present study examined the role of psychological and social factors in the association between exposure of cumulative and types of violence (political violence, persecution, and violence against loved ones) and openness to VA within a sample of U.S. adults (n = 999). Findings indicated depression and anxiety mediated the association between violence exposure and openness to VA. This finding supports the importance of addressing mental health in prevention approaches. Further, contrary to hypotheses, analyses indicated that the association between exposure to violence and greater openness to VA was strongest for individuals with higher levels of social support who had a positive view of the future. Motivation to promote change may be intensified when individuals feel closer to their social support system and when they believe that the change will be meaningful. Findings highlight the importance of individuals having access to and means of agency in promoting change using nonviolent approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).