This article presents a review of the landscape of Open Science development and its relevance to crystallography. As open as possible as closed as necessary is the model for Open Science as commended by the UK and China. Mainland Europe requires compulsory release after 3 years since measurement of raw data. The USA policy situation has fluctuated considerably in recent years. Altogether, this article addresses the International Union of Crystallography's (IUCr) input into these activities. It considers its participation in international scientific and societal organizations, as well as its compliance with the policy recommendations. It considers the practical landscape in which crystallographers work, including their funding agencies, governments, central facilities and universities. This article sets the wider scene before describing how crystallography benchmarks against those under development. The IUCr's Teaching Pamphlets and the Online Dictionary of Crystallography are educational resources fully open to Global South and Global North readers and authors. Crystallography provides a mature, practice-based model of responsible openness that predates and can inform contemporary Open Science policy.

Science is a self-correcting process, and scientific research aims to improve adequacy, accuracy, and utility. However, improving scientific research is a demanding task, especially when currently some key principles of science are challenged and renegotiated. Key challenges in the current environment include the increasing loss of trust in scientists; the production of most of the published scientific literature in countries without full democracy and/or in countries without fundamental freedoms, e.g., freedom of the press; limited public availability and transparency as most research is funded by non-public sponsors that do not prioritize or even seek publication of results; and rapid developments on the frontier of artificial intelligence where non-human agents can supplement and/or replace human researchers. Concurrently, there have been many proposals on how to improve research. Among a plethora of suggestions and guidance, some may not be useful or may even be harmful, and most lack evidence. Revisiting some key proposals shows mixed track records of failures and successes. Examples are provided from efforts to enhance collaboration, team science, and large studies; replication culture; registration and open science; containment of conflicts of interest; and statistical, computational, and informatics improvements. The optimal stages to improve research (early and/or late in the scientific process) may be debated, and the role, function, and mode of optimal peer review are also under scrutiny. Eventually, science and scientific research are demanding, hard enterprises. Genuine progress requires openness, honesty, and selflessness.

Individual oxidative stress and inflammation responses to vitamin C supplementation: Aggregated sets of n-of-1 trials.

Systematic reviews are essential for evidence-based decision-making in endodontics, and their number has grown substantially in recent years. However, little is known about the publication patterns, methodological features and citation impact of these studies. To perform a bibliometric analysis of evidence synthesis reviews (including systematic, scoping, bibliometric and umbrella reviews) in endodontics published between 2018 and 2023, and to evaluate the associations between citation impact and demographic, article-related, author-related and journal-related variables. This bibliometric analysis was reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jf9et/). A comprehensive search was conducted in five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library). Inclusion criteria encompassed systematic, scoping, umbrella and bibliometric reviews in endodontics. Citation data were extracted from Scopus and Google Scholar. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and negative binomial regression to assess associations with citation counts. Of 9683 records identified, 511 endodontic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Most were published in 2022-2023, predominantly by authors from Asia, Europe and the Americas. Brazil had the highest publication volume, while the USA led in citations. PRISMA adherence was high (90%), but funding and conflict of interest disclosures were infrequent. Citation impact was positively associated with earlier publication year, the last author's h-index, the number of included studies and journal CiteScore. Methodological factors such as protocol registration and article-related variables like open access were not significantly associated with citations after adjustment. The citation impact of endodontic evidence synthesis reviews is primarily influenced by temporal factors, author academic standing and journal prestige rather than methodological rigour alone. These findings reveal a disconnect between indicators of research quality and citation performance and highlight the necessity of promoting transparency as a scientific value rather than as a surrogate for visibility. This study was registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jf9et/).

Patients with multiple chronic conditions often face a cumulative workload that exceeds their capacity to manage daily life and healthcare. Although there is evidence of the contribution of advanced practice nurses in chronic disease management, no prior synthesis has examined how their interventions specifically address capacity-workload balance as conceptualised in the Cumulative Complexity Model-a framework that explains how the interaction between patients' capacity and treatment workload shapes engagement in care-or how these interventions align with internationally recognised domains of advanced nursing practice. To map and synthesise advanced practice nurse-led interventions that promote patient capacity-workload balance, using the Cumulative Complexity Model and the Advanced Practice Role Delineation tool. Eight databases were searched from inception to 2025. A scoping review was conducted following the JBI methodology. Eligible articles included interventions or activities led by clinical nurse specialists, nurse practitioners, or generically titled advanced practice nurses for adults living with at least two chronic conditions. Interventions had to relate to patient capacity, workload, or their balance. Included study designs were quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, and review studies. Data were extracted by using a structured framework and analysed descriptively and conceptually. Fifteen articles, most quantitative, were included. Most interventions were delivered at home, individually, face-to-face, and over 12months. Common components included care coordination, coaching, regular clinical follow-up, and individualised care planning. Although none of the articles explicitly referenced the Cumulative Complexity Model, over half of the interventions aligned with its principles by aiming to support capacity-workload balance. The dominant advanced nursing practice domain for interventions was direct comprehensive care. Interventions encompassing all five domains were described in one article that involved a clinical nurse specialist. Outcomes focused on patient- and system-level indicators such as health improvement, quality of life, healthcare utilisation, and costs. A conceptual framework was developed, providing a retrospective lens on how advanced practice nurses address capacity-workload balance for adults with multiple chronic conditions through key interventions embedded within core domains of advanced practice. This review highlights how interventions led by advanced practice nurses can support patient capacity-workload balance through core components embedded in recognised domains of advanced practice. A conceptual framework integrating these elements offers insights to guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of advanced nursing roles and interventions tailored to the complex needs of individuals with multiple chronic conditions. The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework on April 22, 2025. Advanced practice nurses help balance the care workload and capacity for patients with multimorbidity - mapped in a framework.

Advanced life support (ALS) competence may deteriorate within months after certification, but what supports ongoing competence in critical care remains unclear. To map factors influencing maintenance of ALS competence among critical care professionals working in critical care settings. Scoping review conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. MEDLINE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched (from February to March 2025). We included peer-reviewed and grey sources from hospital-based critical care settings that assessed ALS competencies over time. Data were synthesised using inductive thematic analysis. Twenty-five sources were included (19 peer-reviewed, 6 grey). Factors were mapped to three domains. Educational factors were most frequently reported and centred on simulation-based rehearsal, structured feedback and debriefing and spaced refreshers delivered in brief, frequent sessions. Institutional determinants related to protected training time, access to resources, standardised roles and content and monitoring through audit and feedback. Individual determinants included clinical exposure and experience, perceived preparedness and self-confidence, stress and cognitive load, engagement in ongoing learning and non-technical behaviours. Outcomes were largely simulation-based or self-reported, and longer-term durability was inconsistently assessed. Maintenance of ALS competence appears to require coordinated educational and organisational supports; longitudinal evaluations with explicit definitions and validated outcomes are needed. Critical care services may strengthen ALS competence maintenance by embedding recurrent, context-aligned rehearsal with feedback, supported by protected training time, accessible training infrastructure and ongoing performance monitoring. The review protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PEQJH.

Breast cancer screening is vital for early detection and improved health outcomes but requires robust health economic evaluations to guide implementation. This systematic review examines the methodology, quality, and results of health economic evaluations of screening strategies to support decision making and future research. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EconLit, and the HTA database. Health economic evaluations of breast cancer screening strategies using imaging modalities were included and screened independently by two reviewers. Data on study design, screening strategies, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized. Quality was assessed using the ISPOR checklist for model-based studies and the Consensus on Health Economics criteria (CHEC-extended) checklist for empirical data-based studies. All results were made publicly accessible via an interactive platform and the Open Science Framework, providing an open resource that facilitates transparency, reuse, and future updates. The review included 128 studies, comprising 96 model-based studies, 14 empirical data-based studies, 15 studies combining empirical data with extrapolation using a modeling approach, and 3 studies with unclear methods. Microsimulation and cohort simulation were used in 47 and 53 studies, respectively. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied widely across studies depending on the screening modality, risk factors, age range of screening, and screening interval. Most studies found mammography to be cost effective compared with no screening, while some studies showed it as being not cost effective, especially for women at average risk of breast cancer, in young screening ages (40-49years), or with an annual interval. Ultrasound-based screening programs were generally cost effective compared with no screening in the women with average risk of breast cancer. Supplementing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with mammography was generally cost effective in women with dense breasts and a family history of breast or ovarian cancer but not cost effective in women with previous treatment using radiation therapy. The median quality score was 55% for model-based studies, with microsimulations having higher quality than cohort simulations. Empirical data-based studies with and without extrapolation had a similar median quality score of 65%. Mammography was generally reported as cost effective compared with no screening. Supplementing mammography with ultrasound and/or MRI could be cost effective depending on comparator, risk factors, age range, and screening interval. Suboptimal quality was commonly observed across published health economic evaluations. Future studies should prioritize enhancing overall quality, particularly in data, validation, and reporting.

Effective communication in metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is essential for patient engagement and adherence, yet surgical residents often lack structured training. Artificial intelligence offers a novel approach to scaffold communication skills. To evaluate the impact of an AI-Guided metacognitive framework VALUE (Validate, Align & Reframe, Link & Educate, Unite in a plan) on shared decision-making (SDM) and communication outcomes in MBS consultations compared to self-directed learning. Forty surgical residents were randomized into two groups: AI-Guided (using the VALUE framework) and self-learning. The AI-Guided group used a structured prompt to interact with a large language model (DeepSeek-V3.2) to generate personalized consultation plans. Each conducted simulated consultations with standardized patients from a case library. Outcomes were measured using the Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire-9 (SDM-Q-9), Decision Conflict Scale (DCS), Four Habits Coding Scheme (4HCS), Surgeon Self-Efficacy scale (SSI-BS), Communication Outline Quality Scale (CQS), and AI Interaction Quality (AIIQ). The trial was registered on the Open Science Framework (Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BAQH6 ). The AI-Guided group scored significantly higher on SDM-Q-9 (84.7 vs. 71.3, p < 0.01) and 4HCS (17.5 vs. 14.8, p < 0.01), and lower on DCS (19.5 vs. 32.1, p < 0.01). Communication outlines were also of higher quality (13.8 vs. 7.5, p < 0.01). Residents reported greater self-efficacy gains in information provision, values integration, decision facilitation, and emotional support. All secondary analyses remained significant after Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. An AI-Guided metacognitive communication framework significantly improves shared decision-making, reduces decisional conflict, and enhances communication quality and self-efficacy in MBS consultations, suggesting a promising approach that requires further validation in larger, multi-site trials.

Lung transplantation (LTx) is performed in approximately 4500 patients worldwide each year. Postoperatively, patients are at high risk of muscle catabolism due to Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-acquired weakness, potentially compromising functional recovery. While post-LTx rehabilitation is usually initiated after hospital discharge, the feasibility and safety of early mobilization during the ICU stay remain unclear. This scoping review aimed to synthesize available evidence on the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of early mobilization initiated in the ICU following LTx. We conducted a scoping review with comprehensive searches in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, PEDro, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and PROSPERO. Study selection, data extraction, and analysis were performed independently by two reviewers. The search identified 3219 records, of which 32 sources met inclusion criteria, including 17 original studies, three conference abstracts, four registered protocols, and eight narrative reviews. Despite marked heterogeneity in study designs, interventions, and outcomes, early mobilization was consistently reported as feasible and safe, with initiation possible within the first 24h of ICU stay. Interventions were generally multimodal, progressive, and individualized. Adverse events were infrequently reported. Early mobilization during the ICU stay following LTx appears feasible and safe, although the evidence is limited by the small number of studies and the predominance of low-level designs. Based on the available literature, we propose a preliminary mobilization framework tailored to this population. Further high-quality studies are required to confirm these findings and to evaluate clinical benefits. Open Science Framework https://osf.io/nhr3e.

Psychological dispositions and behavioral adaptations are central to understanding adherence in chronic disease. This review examined how these factors influence adherence in adults with non-communicable chronic diseases, analyzing which personality traits and coping strategies shape adherence. A Scopus and Web of Science search (2013-2023) identified 20 studies (n = 82,738), following PRISMA. Risk of bias was assessed with Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools, and certainty with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Narrative synthesis indicated neuroticism and avoidant coping predicted poorer adherence, whereas conscientiousness, adaptive coping, and coping self-efficacy promoted enhanced adjustment. Openness, extraversion, and agreeableness had modest yet positive effects, and emotion-focused coping yielded context-dependent outcomes. Predominant cross-sectional designs and limited Global South representation underscore the need for tailored, context-sensitive interventions. The review was preregistered in Open Science Framework (OSF) and funded by the Chilean National Agency for Research and Development. Further longitudinal research is needed to clarify mechanisms and improve generalizability.

CT-derived body composition and clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer patients: A scoping review.

Current estimates suggest that about 1.7% of the general population meets criteria for clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR), but Latinx individuals are more likely to be at higher risk due to factors that could inflate rates of symptomatology. Disparities in screening, access to services, and intervention for Latinx individuals at CHR persist despite calls to action. Through the lens of service utilisation models, the present narrative review builds on prior calls to action by summarising the literature and providing culturally sensitive recommendations for clinicians and researchers. Disparities include challenges in the identification of need for services by individuals and their social networks, the lack of culturally appropriate tools and interventions across community and specialty settings, and barriers to service retention and engagement. In response, recommendations include disseminating psychoeducational materials and programs to Latinx communities, creating norms for Latinx individuals for standard screeners and clinical interviews, increasing specialised trainings for providers in different settings, and making psychosis-related research in Latinx populations more accessible through open science practices.

This review aimed to systematically synthesize qualitative evidence on the perceptions, experiences, and practices of athletes and stakeholders regarding sports injuries, with a primary focus on risk factors, consequences, injury reporting, rehabilitation, and prevention strategies. A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered in PROSPERO. Six databases were searched from 2000 to July 2025. Eligible studies explored the lived experiences of sports injuries in athletes and stakeholders. Data were extracted, appraised using the CASP checklist, and synthesized thematically. Thirty-five studies were included, spanning a range of sports and competitive levels. Five overarching themes were identified: (i) risk factors including excessive training loads, poor recovery, early specialization, and psychosocial stressors; (ii) consequences of injury such as disrupted performance, long-term disability, financial costs, and significant psychological distress; (iii) rehabilitation highlighting both the challenges of self-management and the importance of interdisciplinary support; (iv) injury reporting and monitoring where normalization of pain, fear of deselection, and cultural pressures inhibited disclosure; and (v) injury prevention and performance sustainability emphasizing load management, evidence-based practices, collaborative monitoring, and contextual barriers such as limited resources and fixture congestion. Athletes and stakeholders perceive sports injuries as complex biopsychosocial phenomena shaped by cultural norms, resource availability, and interpersonal dynamics. Sustainable prevention requires both individualized and systemic approaches, combining tailored training plans, athlete-centered care, and structured surveillance systems. Qualitative insights highlight the necessity of embedding prevention and rehabilitation strategies within the lived realities of athletes, thereby enhancing health protection and long-term performance sustainability. REVIEW REGISTRATION: This review was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework in March 2025 (registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/V79D2).

A Meta-Analysis of Susceptibility to Peer Influence Effects in Adolescence: The Role of Method of Influence and Type of Behavior.

BackgroundThe association between aspirin and mortality in patients with sepsis remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of aspirin on mortality and major bleeding in adults with sepsis.MethodsThis review was registered in Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/E5K87). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov through May 9, 2025. We included one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and four non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs). Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 for RCTs and ROBINS-I for NRSIs. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed.ResultsFive studies involving 25 138 patients were included. Aspirin showed a possible reduction in mortality (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.89; I2 = 61.9%), but the certainty of evidence was very low. No clear effect was observed on major bleeding (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.46-3.11; I2 = 77.3%), also with very low certainty. Data for secondary outcomes (SOFA score, ICU length of stay) was sparse and very uncertain. Subgroup analyses showed no evidence of effect modification by aspirin timing or treatment setting, and sensitivity analyses limited to Sepsis-3 studies and exclusion of Wang et al produced similar results. Evidence was limited by the predominance of NRSIs, heterogeneity in sepsis definitions, and variability in dosing and timing of aspirin.ConclusionsThe evidence is very uncertain regarding the effect of aspirin on mortality or bleeding in sepsis. Routine aspirin use for patients with sepsis cannot be recommended. For patients already receiving aspirin before hospitalization, continuation should be guided by clinical judgment. Further high-quality RCTs are warranted.

Bullying and harassment experiences among radiographers: A transnational scoping review.

To identify and synthesise existing evidence on family-centred care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and other diverse identities (LGBTQ+) people in acute hospital settings, including hospital-based palliative care, oncology, general in-patient and intensive care. A scoping review guided by the JBI methodology. Nine databases and grey literature sources were searched. Inclusion criteria focused on LGBTQ+ adults and family-related care experiences in hospital-based acute settings. After screening, qualitative, quantitative, and narrative data were extracted. Thematic analysis synthesised findings, with quantitative data narratively integrated. Searches were conducted across nine databases and grey literature up to April 2025. Five studies met inclusion criteria: three qualitative, one quantitative, and one reflective narrative. Four themes emerged: (1) invisibility and disclosure dilemmas, (2) exclusion of chosen families from visiting and decision-making, (3) barriers to inclusive communication and provider competence, and (4) enabling conditions for affirming care. Challenges occurred at interpersonal (e.g., provider assumptions, discomfort) and structural (e.g., lack of inclusive protocols, failure to recognise legal surrogates) levels. In the two studies reporting gender identity, transgender participants described heightened misrecognition and exclusion. LGBTQ+ individuals and their chosen families face relational and structural barriers in acute hospital care. Inclusive interventions, protocols, and training are urgently needed to ensure affirming care. Acute and intensive care providers should promote inclusive family engagement by using patient-preferred terminology, recognising chosen families, and advocating for inclusive policies and staff training. This scoping review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. No Patient or Public Contribution. Registered with the Open Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/FSU8D (23/02/2025).

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of donor human milk for preterm infants.

In the context of global digital transformation, open science, and the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), cyberspace has emerged as both a catalyst for knowledge innovation and a breeding ground for digital social threats, including misinformation, cyberbullying, online fraud, data privacy violations, and other forms of online social deviance. These challenges have imposed increasing responsibilities on higher education institutions, particularly private universities, to reposition their roles in fostering safe, ethical, and sustainable digital academic ecosystems. This study examines the strategic role of private universities in combating cyber-social deviance through interdisciplinary approaches encompassing digital university governance, open science, digital citizenship education, and knowledge security. The research employs a qualitative methodology integrating policy analysis, international literature review, and comparative approaches to explore governance models, educational mechanisms, and adaptive capacities of private higher education institutions in the era of global digital transformation. The findings indicate that private universities possess significant potential to act as pioneering institutions in promoting digital ethics, strengthening cyber-risk awareness, advancing safe academic cultures, and cultivating responsible digital learning environments. Furthermore, the study proposes an integrated governance framework that combines AI, open science, and digital citizenship education to enhance the effectiveness of cyber-social threat prevention in higher education. The study contributes theoretically and practically by extending scholarly discourse on digital universities, digital social security, and the social responsibility of higher education institutions within the global knowledge society.

Digital technology and the "open science" movement are revolutionizing scientific publishing. So called data papers offer an additional publication option, limited to methods and results, describing information deposited on dedicated websites: they would be more accurately called "results articles." However, their introduction leads to the idea of ​​complementary theoretical articles that would contain only the interpretations, which are sometimes more time-consuming to produce.