Anovulation, defined as the failure of the ovary to release a mature ovum, accounts for nearly 40% of female infertility cases. Contributing factors include hormonal imbalance, stress, and systemic disorders. In Ayurveda, Vandhyatva (infertility) is described as a Vata-dominant disorder in which Apana Vata governs ovulation and menstrual regularity. Case Presentation: A 39-year-old female presented with secondary infertility for two years. Ayurvedic assessment revealed Vata predominance with associated Agnimandya and Srotorodha, suggestive of Apana Vata Vaigunya leading to Artava Kshaya. Intervention: Management aimed at Amapachana, Vatanulomana, and Srotoshodhana using Panchkol Churna and Dashmoola Kwatha internally, along with Eranda Taila for Srotoshodhana. Dietary and lifestyle modifications (Pathya–Apathya) emphasising Agni Deepana and Kapha–Vata Shamana were also advised. Outcome: After two treatment cycles, follicular monitoring confirmed ovulation, and the patient experienced regular menstrual cycles with no adverse effects. Conclusion: Individualised Ayurvedic therapy focusing on Srotoshodhana and Vatanulomana can effectively restores ovulatory function and enhances fertility, indicating a promising role for classical Ayurvedic interventions in anovulatory infertility.

Developmental competence of ovum pick up derived Sahiwal cow oocytes in maturation media supplemented with cysteamine and melatonin.

Embryo development involves fertilization of a mature ovum, which, after sequential cell divisions (2-,4-8-cells and morula), undergoes differentiation into implantation competent blastocyst. The blastocyst comprises of inner cell mass surrounded by an outer layer of cells called the trophoblast (TSblast) that, upon attachment to the endometrium, differentiates into extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) that facilitates embryo invasion into the endometrium for intrauterine embryo development, and syncytiotrophoblast (ST) that form the placenta. Such cellular differentiation stages are critical for embryogenesis and implantation, although the protein expression landscape remains poorly understood in humans. Using quantitative mass spectrometry analysis, we systematically monitored the protein expression landscape and their dynamic regulation between human ovum (M2), 8-cell embryo, and blastocysts stages, and trophoblast lineage-specific differentiation into EVTs and ST. Proteins temporally regulated from M2-8 cell-blastocyst stage displayed significant enrichment for metabolic protein networks. We specifically identified 156 proteins associated with 8-cell embryos to blastocyst development, 54 displayed similar correlation at the transcriptomic level including mitochondrial, junction/secretory granule-associated proteins that carry glycolytic, antioxidant, and telomerase maintenance functions. We reveal a striking lineage-specific reprogramming of TSblast proteome during fate-specification. These findings extend our knowledge of the sequential order of protein landscape reprogramming and processes during early human embryogenesis and trophoblast function. SUMMARY: Although genomic and transcriptomic studies have provided key understanding of the genetic programs underlying preimplantation embryo development, the protein expression landscape remains unexplored. Here, a quantitative proteomic study of human preimplantation embryo stages reveal a dynamic proteome landscape from M2, 8-cell, and blastocyst stage, and during trophoblast stem cell (TS) differentiation. Identified key factors in early human embryos and lineage-specific trophoblast proteome profiles, further correlated with transcriptomic analyses. This direct proteomic analysis provides a quantitative and temporal analysis of the dynamic protein expression in human embryos during preimplantation development and a powerful resource to enable further mechanistic studies on human trophoblast development and function.

Anovulation refers to the absence of ovulation, a process where a mature ovum is released from the ovary. It can be caused by various factors, including hormonal imbalances, stress, and certain medical conditions. Difficulty in conceiving can be a sign of anovulation, as it prevents the release of an egg for fertilization. Anovulatory factor is an important cause in infertility among women about 40% of cases. Ovulation induction is a rescuer in such patients. Infertility can have a significant impact on people's lives, affecting their mental health, relationships, and finances. Infertility can cause emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and grief. Infertile people may also experience a loss of control over their lives and feel a sense of hopelessness. According to Ayurveda, Vandhyatva is a Vata Dosha Pradhana Vyadi and Ovulation is under the control of Vata especially Apana Vata. In this case report a patient age of 24 years came to our opd suffered from infertility from 5 years. After taking her detailed history involvement of Vata and Agnimandhya noticed. The line of treatment in this case followed by Pippalyadi churna for Aampachan, Anuvasan basti of Lahshun oil for Vatanuloman and Strotoshuddhikaran.

This paper evaluates the effects of hydro-alcohol extract of Englerina drummomdii Balla ex Polhil & Wiens leaves on the histology of ovaries and uterine tissues of female Wistar rats using appropriate standard methods with forty-nine (49) Wistar rats weighing between 160g to 180g were used for the study. Data obtained show that hydro-alcohol extract of Englerina drummomdii Balla ex Polhil & Wiens leaves when administered at a dose of 200mg/kg of extract, shows numerous viable follicles. Ovarian tissue shows atretic (AF) and degenerated follicles (DF) when treated with Monosodium glutamate (MSG) alone. And when MSG is co-administered with extract at a dose of 200mg/kg, it causes partial or complete blocks of ovarian tissues. 100mg of extract only caused degeneration of follicles with atretic follicles (AF). When mistletoe extract in low dose (extract 100mg/kg + MSG 800mg/kg) was co-administered with MSG 800mg/kg, it shows recovered secondary follicles (SF), mature ova (MO), germinal and growing follicles follicles, (GF). Mistletoe at low dose, high dose cause degeneration of ovarian and uterine tissues and when extract at 100mg/kg and MSG 800mg/kg is co-administered, it tends to restore the alterations in the histology of both the ovaries and uterine tissues.

The prevalent use of nanoparticles has adverse negative effects on biosystems. Subsequently, this study aimed to use Caelatura nilotica to assess the ecotoxicity of TiO2 NPs and how Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) improves these effects. Two concentrations of TiO2 NPs (25 and 150 µg/L) were used for 28 days. TiO2 NPs bioaccumulation, gonadal weight, gonado-somatic index, and histopathological alterations of gonads were determined. The tissues' accumulation of TiO2 NPs was concentration-time-dependent: it was 78.5 ± 28.93 μg/g dry weight in the exposed clams to 150 µg/L TiO2 NPs after 4 weeks of exposure. The gonadal weight and gonado-somatic index significantly decreased of the exposed group to 150 µg/L TiO2 NPs over the experimental period that they ended with values (1.01 ± 0.57 gm, 19.15 ± 7.75%, respectively). There are some histological alterations in the gonads of C. nilotica such as necrosis, deteriorated connective tissue, increased fibrous tissue, a reduced presence of mature sperms and mature ova, and irregular shapes of testicular/ovarian follicles. When using Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), this led to a reduction in accumulation of TiO2 NPs by the end of the experiment. So, C. nilotica is a promising model to reflect the adverse nano-toxics. DMSA emerges as a potentially valuable chelating agent that abolishes the negative effects of these nanoparticles.

The development of the oocyte into mature ova has been studied under two principal categories namely pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic phase. Other than oocytes, oogonia have also been seen in the ovaries during different months of the year. It has been observed that the ovaries of Macrobrachium dayanum possess maximum percentage of oogonia during the months of December to January and June to July which indicate that they are passing through immature stage. It was further observed that during the month of April and October to November ovaries were filled with primary, secondary and tertiary vitellogenic oocytes.

Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has potential role on steroidogenesis, growth and maturation of sperm and ovum during gametogenesis. The possible use of this indolamine as an antioxidant in the production of good quality gametes opens up a new area of current research. Nowadays, a large number of reproductive dysfunctions like infertility, failure in fertilization due to gametic malformations are major concern worldwide. So, understanding molecular mechanisms including interacting genes and their action is a prerequisite to the therapeutic approach against these issues. The aim of present bioinformatic study is the detection of molecular network concerning therapeutic potential of melatonin in gametogenesis. It includes target genes identification, gene ontology, KEGG pathway enrichment, network analysis, prediction of signaling pathways and molecular docking. We obtained common top 52 targets of melatonin in the process of gametogenesis. They are involved in biological processes related to the development of gonads and primary sexual characteristics, sex differentiation. We took top ten pathways out of total 190 enriched pathways for further analysis. Subsequently, principal component analysis also revealed that among top ten hub targets (TP53, CASP3, MAPK1, JUN, ESR1, CDK1, CDK2, TNF, GNRH1, CDKN1A) only TP53, JUN and ESR1were significantly interacted with melatonin on the basis of squared cosine value. So, present in silico investigation provides considerable information on the interactive network between therapeutic targets of melatonin along with the involvement of intracellular signalling cascade regulating biological processes associated with the gametogenesis. This novel approach may be pertinent in improving modern research on reproductive dysfunctions associated abnormalities.

Schistosomiasis is a serious tropical disease. Despite extensive research into the etiology of liver fibrosis, effective therapeutic options remain limited. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of auranofin in treating hepatic granuloma and fibrogenesis produced by Schistosoma (S.) mansoni eggs. Auranofin is a gold complex that contains thioglucose tetraacetate and triethylphosphine. Eighty BALB/c male mice were divided into four groups (n=20/group): negative control (GI), positive control (GII), and early (GIII) and late (GIV) treatment groups with oral auranofin according to beginning of treatment 4th week and 6th week post-infection. Mice were infected subcutaneously in a dose of 60±10 cercariae/mouse. Worm counts, egg loads, and oogram patterns were determined. Biochemical, histological, and immunostaining of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were assessed. GIII showed a significant decrease in the total S. mansoni worm burden and ova/gram in liver tissue (with reduction percent of 63.07% and 78.26%, respectively). Schistosomal oogram patterns, immature and mature ova, also showed a significant decrease. The reduction in granuloma number and size was 40.63% and 48.66%, respectively, in GIII, whereas in GIV, the reduction percent was 76.63% and 67.08%. In addition, the degree of fibrosis was significantly diminished in both treated groups. GIV showed significant reduction in IL-1β and SMA expression and increase in SIRT3 expression. These findings reveal how auranofin suppresses the development of liver fibrosis. Therefore, it is crucial to take another look at auranofin as a prospective medication for the treatment of S. mansoni egg-induced hepatic granuloma and consequent fibrosis.

The scleractinian coral is common along the Red Sea coast, and its reproductive mode and period of reproduction were assessed using histological preparations. the sexuality, and reproductive mod timing of reproductive of pocillopora damicornis from adjacent to the fringing reefs of the Ubhur Creek in the Red Sea, were assessed using a serial histological section. Sexual reproduction in pocillopora damicornis a shallow water hermatypic coral was studied from December 2011 to November 2012. pocillopora damicornis is a simultaneous hermaphrodite with ovary and testis in the project into the body cavity on the same mesentery. Sperm and eggs were usually released simultaneously from the same polyp. The onset of the reproductive period of pocillopora damicornis was found to be limited (April to May). In the number of eggs and testes observed in this period, the gonads were found in the polyps. The pocillopora damicornis egg size ranged from 49.80 µm (in March) to 125.0 µm (in May). Four stages were chosen, to reflect very immature ovaries, the early stages of oocyte development, ova near maturity, and mature ova, and also four distinct stages of sperm development were identified. The state of gonads development (eg. testis and eggs) was measured by a calibrated eyepiece micrometer of a compound light microscope. Zooxanthellae were presented in the mature oocytes in pocillopora damicornis. This study aimed to examine the reproduction mode and timing of pocillopora damicornis.

Dietary and non-dietary contributions to among-individual variation in carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of lake trout

The available information on the clinical features of COVID-19, the effects of the infection on various organs and systems, and the prevention and treatment is very limited and contradictory There is especially little evidence for the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the human reproductive system The authors carried out a systematic analysis of the data available in modern literature about the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 on the female and male reproductive system and fertility The literature review includes data from the publications available at https://pubmed ncbi nlm nih gov/ on this topic The paper provides data on the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19, the ways of penetration into the human body, the possible mechanisms of damage to the gonads in males and females, and the available evidence of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on human reproduction Currently, there are no data proving the presence of infection of ovarian or endometrial tissues in women, which would affect oogenesis, embryo implantation, early embryogenesis, and the occurrence of pregnancy in natural cycles or in ART programs It can be assumed that there may be the following disorders of the female reproductive system: ovarian tissue damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, which may contribute to ovulatory dysfunction;oocyte damage, which can facilitate the production of aneuploid oocytes;and endometrial cell damages, which can lead to impaired embryo implantation The data on the effect of SARS- CoV-2 on spermatogenesis and testicular tissue damage are scanty and contradictory Conclusion Further investigations are needed to study the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on human reproductive function Имеющиеся сведения о клинических особенностях COVID-19, влиянии инфекции на различные органы и системы, профилактике и лечении весьма ограничены и противоречивы Особенно мало данных о влиянии SARS- CoV-2 на репродуктивную систему человека Проведен систематический анализ данных, имеющихся в современной литературе, о влиянии вирусов SARS-CoV-2 и COVID-19 на репродуктивную систему и фертильность женщин и мужчин В обзор литературы включены данные публикаций, представленных в https://pubmed ncbi nlm nih gov/ по данной теме Приведены данные об этиологии и патогенезе COVID-19, о путях проникновения в организм человека, о возможных механизмах поражения гонад у мужчин и женщин и имеющиеся доказательства влияния SARS-CoV-2 на репродукцию у человека В настоящее время отсутствуют данные, доказывающие наличие инфицирования тканей яичника или эндометрия у женщин, которые бы повлияли на оогенез, имплантацию эмбриона, ранний эмбриогенез, наступление беременности в естественных циклах или в программах ВРТ Можно предположить вероятность следующих нарушений женской репродуктивной системы: поражение SARS-CoV-2 тканей яичников, что может способствовать нарушению овуляторной функции;поражение ооцитов, что может способствовать получению анеуплоидных ооцитов;поражение клеток эндометрия, что может приводить к нарушению имплантации эмбрионов Данные по влиянию SARS- CoV-2 на сперматогенез и поражение тканей яичек немногочисленны и противоречивы Заключение Необходимо проведение дальнейших исследований по изучению влияния SARS-CoV-2 на репродуктивную функцию человека

Over a period of 18 months, we studied the life history of Etheostoma fusiforme barratti, the southern subspecies of the Swamp Darter, in Hatchet Creek in the Suwannee River drainage of Florida. We found E. f. barratti on sandy and muddy substrates with dense vegetation and woody debris. Field data suggested a lifespan of up to 14 months, although individuals survived 18 months in an aquarium. There was no significant difference between the mean standard lengths of males and females, and the sex ratio was 1:1. The largest specimen collected was a 50-mm SL (59-mm TL) reproductively mature male. Midge larvae (Chironomidae) and water fleas (Cladocera) were the most common food items. Individuals in the smallest size class, 10–19 mm SL, consumed a larger proportion of small food items such as cladocerans and midge larvae, and larger Swamp Darters ate larger food items such as caddisflies, and consumed a larger variety of food items. Approximately one-third of all E. f. barratti dissected were parasitized by a digenean trematode. A large increase in the female gonadosomatic index occurred in January in each of the 2 study years as the darters approached 1 year of age and were at least 25 mm SL. Spawning occurred in January–May 2016 and January–April 2017. In an aquarium, adhesive eggs were attached to aquatic plants by females and fertilized by males. Numbers of mature and maturing ova were extremely variable (4–226), suggesting that E. f. barratti is a batch spawner and lays eggs over several mating bouts rather than during a single spawn. Compared to the northern subspecies, E. f. fusiforme, E. f. barratti reaches a larger size, 59 vs. 55 mm TL, and spawns earlier and longer, from January to April vs. April to May. Males of E. f. barratti, but not of E. f. fusiforme, were aggressive and possibly territorial during spawning. Etheostoma f. barratti may have a shorter life span, 14–18 months, compared to 2 years in E. f. fusiforme. This study provides baseline life-history data for a widespread and common species that has the potential to affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems.

The problem of infertility is growing rapidly in the world. Traditional medicine with thousands of years of history has claimed that it can treat some kinds of infertility using nutritional and lifestyle modifications and interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a traditional medicine-oriented diet and lifestyle on infertility treatment. Based on a clinical trial study, 180 infertile women who were 20–40 years old and candidates for in vitro fertilization (IVF) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group used diet and lifestyle recommendations based on Iranian traditional medicine for at least 3 months. The number of ova, mature ovum number, embryo number, embryo quality, and fertilization rate were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (for all items; p < 0.05). Overall pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the intervention group (35.2 vs. 12.4%; odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% CI, 1.8–8.3). The intervention group had a higher rate of getting spontaneous pregnancy than the control group (20.9 vs. 2.2%; OR, 11.5; 95% CI, 2.6–50.9). Chemical pregnancy was significantly higher in the intervention group (64 vs. 27.5%; OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.9–11.6). Diet and lifestyle modifications based on traditional medicine can contribute greatly to the infertility treatment. Thus, many infertility cases can be treated without the need to use advanced methods. In case of using assisted reproductive techniques, traditional medicine can enhance the efficiency of these methods.

Schistosomiasis represents a public health problem and praziquantel is the only drug used for treatment of all forms of the disease. Thus, the development of new anti-schistosomal agents is of utmost importance to increase the effectiveness, reduce side effects and delay the emergence of resistance. The present study was conducted to report the therapeutic efficacy of PPQ-8, a new synthetic quinoline-based compound against Schistosoma mansoni. Mice were treated with PPQ-8 at day 49 post infection using two treatment regimens (20 and 40 mg/kg). Significant reductions were recorded in hepatic (62.9% and 83.6%) and intestinal tissue egg load (57.4% and 73.5%), granuloma count (75.4% and 89.1%) and diameter (26.2% and 47.3%), in response to the drug regimens, respectively. In addition, both treatment regimens induced significant decrease in liver (23.3% and 32.8%) and spleen (37.5% and 45.3%) indices. Also, there were significant reductions in mature ova, total worm and female count, which were more prominent with the higher dose. The reduction in the level of nitric oxide in the liver by both therapeutic regimens to 22.5% and 47.2% indicates the anti-oxidant activity of PPQ-8. Bright field microscopic examination of worms recovered from infected and PPQ-8-treated mice showed nearly empty intestinal caeca with no observable changes in the tegument. Our findings hold promise for the development of a novel anti-schistosomal drug using PPQ-8, but further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to elucidate the possible mechanism/s of action and to study the effect of PPQ-8 on other human schistosomes.

The present study was conducted on the experimental animals, Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson) (Crustacea: Decapoda) to analyze the seasonal changes in reproductive cycle of female, found at different locations in river Gomti (26°55´; 80°59´ E), in and around Lucknow (U.P. India). The reproductive activities were found in cyclic manner in M.dayanum, which breeds continuously throughout the year but with two distinct peaks one major in the month of May-July and one minor in the month of January – Feburary. Five stages of Oogenesis i.e. proliferative, meiotic, previtellogenic, vitellogenic and resorbtion or atretic oocyte phase have been recorded in M. dayanum. Mature ova were noticed in two peaks i.e. major in month of July – August and September and minor in months of February and March. Histoarchitecture of hepatopancreas showed seasonal changes in accordance with the gonadal development. The reproductive cycle of M.dayanum is reported for the first time and very little work is known on the seasonal changes with respect to reproduction and its correlation with hepatopancreas.

Production of nonhuman primate (NHP) embryos in vitro begins with recovery of gametes. Females undergo a controlled ovary stimulation to produce multiple preovulatory follicles from which oocytes may be recovered. Mature ova are subjected to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and presumptive zygotes are cultured to the intended stage of development. Essential to this practice is the culture medium unique to each step in the process. Here we describe medium preparation, oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos in the rhesus macaque model.

The nymph of the perlid Neoperla obliqua Banks, 1913 from Mt. Malindang, Mindanao Island, the Philippines is described and associated with the male and female adults using DNA barcodes. Using pairwise CO1, the nymph was associated with 99.9 ± 0.14% interspecific similarity, while comparison between sexes generated a 0.2% intraspecific divergence between males and females of putative conspecifics. Additionally, the mature ova from female adults are described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The distinctive chorionic surface is rugose with longitudinal ridge-like pattern with a bare and flat collar.

Polyamines are positively charged aliphatic compounds, which are involved in regulation of gene expression and cell signal transduction in human and mammalian by binding DNA, RNA and protein. Polyamines can affect the secretion of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones, and then affect the quality of germ cells, luteal formation and embryonic development, and play a regulatory role in human and mammalian reproductive process, but the specific mechanisms of those effects have not been clarified. This paper focuses on the recent advances in biosynthesis, distribution and origin of polyamines, and the roles of polyamines on spermatogenesis, oogenesis, blastocyst implantation and development. The aim of this study is to provide evidences for the use of polyamines in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) to improve pregnancy outcomes. Key words: Polyamines; Biogenic polyamines; Reproductive techniques, assisted; Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system; Spermatozoa; Ovum; Embryonic development; Fertility

The reproduction of the smooth-head catfish (Clarias liocephalus), a heavily exploited wetland fish in Uganda, in a data-deficient fishery, was studied from January to December 2011. Analyses were based on a sample of 854 fish specimens obtained from a chain of wetlands that fringe the Rwizi River, a tributary of the Nile River. Samples were collected monthly from four sites. Fecundity, gonadosomatic index, size at sexual maturity, condition factor and growth patterns were used to describe the reproduction of the species. Mean female fecundity was 2 484.03 ± 1 289.90 (range 266–3 474). Females attained sexual maturity at a smaller size (12.0 cm TL) than males (13.79 cm TL), but were in better condition than males. Gonadosomatic index peaked in the wettest months of the study period, with highest proportion of mature ova occurring during July to November. Although C. liocephalus seems less fecund than other known clariids and is therefore prone to adverse effects from overexploitation, knowledge of its spawning periodicity and its size at sexual maturity could be useful in the management of the fishery in wetlands where it is still abundant.