An empirical examination of factors influencing Chinese young viewers'multi-dimensional binge-watching behaviors: Focusing on a moderating effect model based on the theory of planned behavior.

This study investigates how university students use mobile devices to support their English selfstudy. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection. The quantitative phase involved 104 first-year students (78 females and 26 males) at a university in Vietnam. Ten of these students (5 females and 5 males) also participated in semi-structured interviews for the qualitative phase. The results revealed that the five most frequent activities were searching for information online, listening to songs and lectures, looking up new words, reading books and newspapers, in addition to watching videos. The most popular resources utilized were online audio and video platforms (e.g., YouTube, Apple Music, Spotify, and podcasts) and social networking sites (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram). While mobile devices offered benefits like accessibility, convenience, and motivation, students also faced challenges, including cost, connectivity issues, device compatibility, distractions, storage limitations, and the need for teacher guidance. Finally, students reported a perceived improvement in their English proficiency after four months of mobile device use.

Digital marketing has become a transformative force in India’s business and communication ecosystem, reshaping how organizations interact with consumers in the digital age. With the rapid expansion of internet connectivity, smartphone penetration, and affordable data services, India has emerged as one of the fastest-growing digital markets globally. This research paper examines the present status and future prospects of digital marketing in India, focusing on market growth, key trends, technological advancements, and emerging challenges. At present, digital marketing occupies a dominant position in India’s advertising industry, accounting for a significant share of total advertising expenditure. Platforms such as social media, search engines, mobile applications, and online video have become primary channels for brand communication. The mobile-first nature of Indian consumers, combined with increasing engagement on social networking and short-video platforms, has encouraged businesses of all sizes to adopt datadriven and performance-based digital strategies. Small and medium enterprises, in particular, benefit from cost-effective digital tools that enable targeted outreach and measurable return on investment. Furthermore, the rise of regional language content has expanded digital marketing’s reach beyond metropolitan cities into rural and semi-urban regions. The study also explores the future trajectory of digital marketing in India, highlighting strong growth projections driven by technological innovation and digital infrastructure development. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, voice search, and immersive technologies like augmented and virtual reality are expected to redefine marketing practices. These technologies will allow marketers to deliver personalized, interactive, and predictive customer experiences. The rollout of 5G networks and continued government initiatives under programs like Digital India are likely to further accelerate digital adoption, opening new opportunities for businesses and marketers. In conclusion, digital marketing in India has evolved from a supplementary promotional tool to a central component of modern business strategy. The present scenario reflects maturity and widespread adoption, while the future indicates continued expansion driven by technology, innovation, and digital inclusion. This research underscores the importance of adaptive strategies, skill development, and ethical practices to fully harness the potential of digital marketing in India’s rapidly evolving digital economy.

Abstract This study examined the impact of digital tools like smart classes, educational apps, and online videos on schoolchildren's learning. Fifty children from grades 6 to 9 were randomly selected. Information was gathered by questioning the students and examining their previous test scores. Results showed that children who used digital tools scored better, showed greater interest in their studies and understood the lessons better. This suggests that, when used correctly digital tools can enhance children's learning and make them more involved in learning.

Abstract Invasive animal species threaten ecosystems, biodiversity and human livelihoods. Behavioural traits such as boldness, exploratory tendencies, learning ability and social interactions are known to influence invasion success. Yet these behavioural traits remain underexplored due to challenges in observing behaviour across large spatial and temporal scales. The emerging field of iEcology—studying ecology using digital data such as online photos, videos, sounds and text, generated for other purposes—offers a novel and scalable approach for investigating invasive species behaviour. Here, we demonstrate the application of iEcology to uncover novel insights into the behaviour of invasive species, such as dominance over the native species, interactions with native species or increased tolerance to humans, all critical for assessing species' invasion potential and management. We also discuss challenges of applying iEcology to studying the behaviour of invasive animals and highlight the need for careful validation and complementary methods. Finally, we highlight ways and provide a workflow to maximise the potential of iEcology for advancing the study of invasive species behaviour. We advocate for integrating iEcology into invasion science to advance our understanding of animal behaviours accompanying invasion success and ultimately to support the monitoring, management and mitigation strategies of biological invasions. We argue that iEcology is best viewed as a complementary tool that enriches traditional behavioural ecology and invasion biology, enabling rapid, accessible insights into one of the most urgent ecological issues of our time.

This paper maps the ways in which contemporary South African traditional healers describe the spirit dynamics that shape their praxis. Drawing on a thematic analysis of a selection of healer-produced online video teachings, and interviews with the healers who created them, I illustrate how both knowledge and health are expressed in terms of the flows of information across vital, relational human-spirit networks. This relational emphasis, which integrates ontological, epistemological, and axiological considerations, informs an emergent vernacular expressive strategy that challenges dominant western knowledge traditions and thus aligns with broader efforts of epistemological decolonisation. Accordingly, I suggest that by revealing, in their own words, the relational complexities of their worldview, healers are publicly reclaiming their image from lingering reductive narratives.

A cluster-RCT deploying online video teacher training to improve reading skills in students with intellectual disabilities using augmentative and alternative communication: A study protocol.

This study focused on the preferences for psychological assistance and associated factors among Chinese healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional analysis of survey data collected from Chinese HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nationwide psychological service platforms in China that facilitated participation of HCWs. A total of 901 HCWs aged 19-84 years, including doctors, nurses and other medical staff. Preference for psychological assistance was assessed through survey options, including psychological materials, stress management skills, telephone hotline, online non-video psychological counselling, online video psychological counselling and no need or others. Prevalence of mental health symptoms was evaluated using validated scales: Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) for depression, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Screen for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (PC-PTSD-5) for stress. Additional measures included sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation and demographic characteristics such as age, education level and occupation. Among 901 HCWs surveyed, the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 12.32% (PHQ-2 score ≥3), 42.18% (GAD-7 score ≥5) and 28.75% (PC-PTSD-5 score ≥3), respectively. Sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation were reported by 29.41% (cut-off value=2) and 9.32% (cut-off value=1) of participants. Among the 602 respondents who preferred psychological assistance, the most preferred options were stress management skills, psychological materials and online non-video counselling. HCWs with severe suicidal ideation (item 9 of PHQ-9=3) preferred online video counselling (80%). Logistic regression indicated that age was negatively correlated with the preference for psychological materials (β=-0.86, p=0.034) but positively associated with the preference of telephone hotlines (26-35 years: β=1.69, p=0.035; ≥45 years: β=1.90, p=0.031). Higher educational attainment was associated with greater preference for psychological materials (undergraduates: β=0.71, p=0.014; masters: β=1.13, p=0.007) and online counselling (masters: β=1.743, p=0.002). Nurses were more likely to prefer stress management skills (β=0.71, p=0.014), while HCWs with suicidal ideation showed a stronger preference for online video counselling (β=0.66, p<0.05). Linear regression further showed that participants with a bachelor's or master's degree and those with severe anxiety were more likely to use multiple forms of psychological assistance. The high prevalence of mental health problems among HCWs highlights an urgent need for targeted psychological support. Distinct characteristics of HCWs were associated with different preferences for psychological assistance, highlighting the importance of tailoring interventions to the specific needs of HCWs.

During the COVID-19 pandemic educators rapidly pivoted their instructional approaches. While this period of disruption is behind us, we are left with a legacy of experiences that can continue to benefit learners. Open educational resources improve accessibility in the classroom, and for learners globally without access to well-resourced institutional libraries. In the 2023-24 academic year, lecture videos for Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology (a 3-credit, 2nd year DVM course at the University of Saskatchewan) were published on YouTube. Two student cohorts were surveyed about their use of the videos, and YouTube analytics was used to describe how videos were accessed globally. Students generally favoured these prerecorded videos, citing improved video quality (24%) and shorter duration (36%) compared to other courses where in-person lectures were filmed. 73% of students reported that having these videos on YouTube improved accessibility. From August 2023 through December 2024 the YouTube channel received >230,000 views from 86 countries. Approximately 6% of views originated in Canada while 62% were from low- and middle-income countries. This exercise was a positive experience yielding an easy to access repository of content to share with learners locally and globally. Other instructors are encouraged to seek out opportunities for the creation of open resources. Future studies should assess the impacts of online video sharing platforms on student learning.

Features and circumstances of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests caught on camera: an analysis of publicly available online videos.

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder, where dietary exposure to gluten leads to small intestinal damage, altered immune function, and impaired nutrient absorption. Knowledge and commitment to maintain a life-long gluten free diet (GFD) is the only treatment. However, there remain many barriers to dietary adherence, including limited access to expert dietary counseling, difficulties understanding food labels, negative social impact of gluten free eating, and increased costs, amongst others. The current gold standard for dietary education is considered education with an expert dietitian. Dietetic services have become strained due to the rapidly rising prevalence of CD. Virtual education, increasingly used since the COVID-19 pandemic, is a potential resource to address barriers, such as limited access to expert dietetic care. A multimodal education approach is likely to be most effective, hence our team created online videos modules for newly diagnosed patients and their families. Aims To evaluate the effectiveness of the video-based educational modules for caregivers of pediatric celiac disease (CD) patients under 18 years old. Methods Four video modules were created by expert dietitians and reviewed by patient and physician stakeholders. Topics include understanding CD, label reading, cross-contamination prevention, healthy gluten-free eating, managing costs, and support resources. Consenting caregiver participants were recruited after a new celiac disease diagnosis of their child at Stollery Children’s Hospital. Educational videos were provided alongside standard dietary counseling. Participants completed pre- and post- Video test knowledge assessments and satisfaction surveys, along with demographic questionnaires, all administered via email using REDCap. Results Overall, 18 caregivers completed the study: 95% Female, 47% held a bachelor’s degree, 30% had another household member with CD. Regarding education resources for CD and the GFD, 60% preferred to use all presented resources, 10% preferred 1:1 with a physician or dietitian, 5% preferred video online education, and 10% preferred both of the latter. Post-tests showed an improvement in overall test scores from 72% to 84% (p = 0.3) and a decrease in “Don’t know” responses from 52 to 13% (P = 0.01). Overall, 93.3% found the information useful and easy to understand, 86.7% would recommend the video to other caregivers. Conclusions This study confirms that caregivers of newly diagnosed children with celiac disease valued a multimodal educational approach, including online videos that can be viewed at any convenient time. These videos were well received and significantly increased knowledge. Funding Agencies WCHRI and MNCY for the videos

Leveraging online video discourse for semi-automated mapping of community gardens

Aim. To comprehensively analyze the state, problems and prospects of using modern educational technologies in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language in universities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methodology. Systematic approach, that makes it possible to consider the use of technologies as an element of the educational system of the university, competence-based approach, that focuses on the formation of students’ linguistic and digital competencies, modern concepts of computer linguo-didactics are the methodological foundations pf the study. The work uses theoretical methods (analysis of scientific literature, synthesis, generalization, systematization) and empirical methods (questionnaires of teachers and students, interviews, observation, analysis of teaching and methodological materials and digital educational resources). Results. It is revealed that technological tools should be selected and used carefully, considering the needs and meaning of learning. Tools such as podcasts, movies and educational software, online games, online language classes, websites, video tutorials, bilingual and monolingual dictionaries, and language learning with artificial intelligence are great tools that can make learning practical and fun. Research implications of the work consist in its results and conclusions that can be used by teachers of Russian as a foreign language in Iranian universities to improve their teaching activities, developers of educational programs and teaching materials for the integration of the technological component. Conclusions. The study confirms that the integration of information and communication technologies into the Russian language teaching process in Iranian universities is not only a current trend, but also a powerful factor contributing to the improvement of the educational process. The analysis showed that the use of digital resources such as interactive platforms, multimedia materials, online dictionaries, and video conferencing tools significantly enriches the learning environment. This allows students to overcome geographical barriers to communication with native speakers, gain access to authentic cultural and linguistic materials, and develop key competencies – listening, speaking, and writing – in a more dynamic and personalized format.

YouTube has revolutionized learning by providing access to instructional videos; however, concerns about video quality and instructional effectiveness persist. Despite the popularity of instructional YouTube videos, limited research exists on their cognitive characteristics, particularly in science education. This knowledge gap hampers effective video selection/integration into educational settings. This study aims to identify the association between such videos’ cognitive quality and their popularity, as measured by the Video Power Index, along with content and duration. The goal is to provide comparative information and better means to guide educators in video selection. To achieve this, the study proposes using the Multimedia Principles Rubric (MPR) as a filtering tool to assess cognitive quality based on instructional and multimedia content. A multistage cluster sampling method was employed to select the 60 most-viewed YouTube videos from five content areas of physics, considering three ranges of video length and a specific online age. Regression analysis revealed that the mean MPR could be weakly predicted from popularity. Additionally, three-to-six-minute videos demonstrated better cognitive quality, while six-to-twenty-minute videos were more popular. ANOVAs indicated that cognitive quality was significantly dependent on content and video length. The results shed light on the cognitive landscape of such videos, providing insights. Popularity alone is not a good measure of cognitive quality. It is important to assess the cognitive characteristics of instructional science videos. Integrating online videos into courses requires consideration of instructional design principles and cognitive processes. Careful evaluation using the MPR can help select high-quality instructional resources for effective science education.

Introduction The ongoing advancement of technology over the last several decades has substantially impacted organizations' overall recruitment function. Meanwhile, this already increasing adoption of technological advancement within organizations was further exacerbated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, causing a noteworthy rise in e-recruitment. Given the increasingly digitalized workplace era, this study aimed to explore the advantages and disadvantages of virtual interviews to determine the factors to be considered when adopting virtual interviewing amid the global rise in the use of this recruitment method. Method The research followed a qualitative case study approach, and 14 participants selected through purposive sampling were individually interviewed. The data were then analyzed through thematic analysis. Results The findings demonstrate that the level of human interaction, the comfort associated with the interview format, and non-verbal cues were pivotal to candidates' experience of virtual interviewing (both asynchronous and synchronous). The findings further reveal that virtual interviews are relevant tools in the contemporary world of work due to advantages such as fairness and global communication. Nonetheless, one-way communication and technology were found to potentially deter the effective use of virtual interviewing. Discussion Overall, the findings suggest the importance of leveraging the strengths of virtual interviewing while considering the contextual appropriateness and practicality of its use to help curb the associated drawbacks. Thus, this research aids human resource practitioners' understanding of the factors that must be considered when employing virtual interviews, based on the candidates' experience. The research further contributes to the ongoing debate on whether the utilization of recruitment technologies such as asynchronous video (pre-recorded) and synchronous online (live or real-time) interviews is sustainable in the workplace.

In response to bottlenecks such as multi-source data integration and large-volume video data processing in traditional operating rooms, this paper proposes and develops a cloud-based digital surgical video management platform. By integrating cloud architecture with intelligent technologies, it has established a comprehensive digital surgical data ecosystem covering scientific research, education, and quality control throughout the entire workflow. The platform features interfaces with all hospital surgical systems and achieves normalized audio-visual signal processing through unified client deployment in operating rooms, supporting parallel processing of 8-channel high-definition videos per case. Implementing a tiered storage strategy for surgical video data, it overcomes limitations of traditional local storage capacity. Innovatively incorporating cross-platform collaboration capabilities, the system enables scientific data mining. Built-in video editing tools including timeline synchronization, dynamic layout switching, and subtitle annotation significantly reduce operational complexity for medical staff. Clinical applications demonstrate that the platform achieves 85.3% online video storage rate post-implementation, with 72.8% of stored videos undergoing online editing. Surgeons can efficiently create educational videos, while postoperative video reviews dynamically correlate intraoperative field visuals with monitoring data, optimizing procedural workflows and strengthening surgical quality control systems. This platform development provides a replicable technical template for smart hospital construction, and this platform serves as a critical infrastructure for promoting healthcare resource homogenization and digital transformation.

This study aimed to explore parents’ perceptions on the benefits, facilitators and barriers to conventional physiotherapy for children with cerebral palsy (CP). A qualitative, in-depth interview was conducted with 16 parents of children with CP through an online video conference. Semi-structured questions related to physical functions, social well-being, facilitators, and barriers to participation in conventional physiotherapy were recorded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed thematically to generate significant themes. The majority of participants (94%) agreed that their children had shown improvements in physical strength and function. Ten participants reported that their children are expressive and responsive when communicating with other people following physiotherapy. Six themes emerged during the analysis: physical function progression, social well-being progression, child’s internal barriers, external barriers, enhancing engagement and support in physiotherapy, and expectations for self-independence. The study identified 6 core dimensions influencing the perceived benefits, barriers, and facilitators of conventional physiotherapy for parents of children with CP. The findings highlighted a need for physiotherapists to refine treatment strategies, emphasizing individualized care tailored to each child’s unique needs.

Reliable Internet connectivity is essential for latency-sensitive services such as video conferencing, media streaming, and online gaming. Round-trip time (RTT) is a key indicator of network performance and is central to setting retransmission timeout (RTO); inaccurate RTT estimates may trigger unnecessary retransmissions or slow loss recovery. This paper proposes an Enhanced Regularized Extreme Learning Machine (RELM) for RTT estimation that improves generalization and efficiency by interleaving a bidirectional log-step heuristic to select the regularization constant C. Unlike manual tuning or fixed-range grid search, the proposed heuristic explores C on a logarithmic scale in both directions (×10 and /10) within a single loop and terminates using a tolerance–patience criterion, reducing redundant evaluations without requiring predefined bounds. A custom RTT dataset is generated using Mininet with a dumbbell topology under controlled delay injections (1–1000 ms), yielding 1000 supervised samples derived from 100,000 raw RTT measurements. Experiments follow a strict train/validation/test split (6:1:3) with training-only standardization/normalization and validation-only hyperparameter selection. On the controlled Mininet dataset, the best configuration (ReLU, 150 hidden neurons, C=102) achieves R2=0.9999, MAPE=0.0018, MAE=966.04, and RMSE=1589.64 on the test set, while maintaining millisecond-level runtime. Under the same evaluation pipeline, the proposed method demonstrates competitive performance compared to common regression baselines (SVR, GAM, Decision Tree, KNN, Random Forest, GBDT, and ELM), while maintaining lower computational overhead within the controlled simulation setting. To assess practical robustness, an additional evaluation on a public real-world WiFi RSS–RTT dataset shows near-meter accuracy in LOS and mixed LOS/NLOS scenarios, while performance degrades markedly under dominant NLOS conditions, reflecting physical-channel limitations rather than model instability. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the Enhanced RELM and motivate further validation on operational networks with packet loss, jitter, and path variability.

This study aims to evaluate the quality and reliability of short videos related to premature ovarian failure on two major Chinese short video platforms, TikTok and Bilibili. A total of 231 videos related to premature ovarian failure (133 from TikTok and 98 from Bilibili) were analyzed up until March 25, 2025. The video quality was evaluated using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), the modified DISCERN instrument (mDISCERN), and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) scoring system. Creator categories, content categories, duration, and interaction metrics (likes, comments, shares) were collected and statistically analyzed. In the overall correlation analysis, there was a high positive correlation between interaction metrics ( r >0.7, P <0.05), whereas no significant correlation was found with video duration. A weak correlation was observed between quality scores and interaction metrics. TikTok was dominated by professional individuals (90.23% were verified users), and the content was primarily disease-related (67.67% was knowledge-based), whereas Bilibili was mainly composed of nonprofessional individuals (76.53%) with more diversified themes (such as lifestyle content accounting for 35.71%). The quality and reliability scores of TikTok videos were significantly higher than those of Bilibili (GQS median: 3.0 vs. 2.0; mDISCERN: 3.0 vs. 2.0; JAMA score: 1.0 vs. 0.0; P <0.001). TikTok videos were significantly shorter in duration than Bilibili videos ( P <0.001), and interaction metrics (likes, comments, shares, favorites) were significantly higher. TikTok performs better than Bilibili in terms of the dissemination of information on premature ovarian failure on online video platforms, although the overall quality is not ideal. The quality of videos uploaded by verified medical professionals can be considered relatively reliable. Optimizing platform algorithms to prioritize content from verified creators and standardizing content guidelines are crucial for information seekers to make informed medical decisions and improve public health literacy.

Recent advances in live-streaming technology have empowered millions of amateur content creators to broadcast live video over the internet, sharing events and experiences with consumers as they happen. Despite the growing popularity of live streams, little research has examined how liveness may affect viewers’ experiences and behaviors. The current research addresses this gap, and uses the context of amateur music performances to investigate how, when, and why viewing live streams (versus equivalent or identical pre-recorded video) can enhance presence, connection, enjoyment, and engagement. We find evidence of a mere liveness effect on consumer experiences: simply knowing that an online video stream is live causes viewers to feel more connected to streamers. This effect is facilitated by an elevated sense of presence, or “being there,” in events that are viewed in real time. Critically, this effect also drives a liveness lift for online streamers; viewers of live (versus pre-recorded) streams enjoy the content more, choose to continue watching longer, and are more willing to follow and subscribe to the streamers’ channels. These findings have clear substantive implications: marketers, platform developers, and content creators can enhance consumer connection, enjoyment, and engagement by going live.