Tilapia is commonly integrated with vegetables in aquaponics systems, where complex microbial interactions may have important implications for food safety. This scoping review examines the current evidence on the microbiota diversity of tilapia reared in aquaponics systems, analyzes its potential influence on food safety, and highlight direction for future research. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and included studies published between 2000 and 2025, retrieved from five scientific databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library. Only three studies met the inclusion criteria. The available evidence indicates that research on the microbiota of tilapia in aquaponics systems remains limited and fragmented. Most studies have focused on characterizing the gut microbiota of tilapia in different compartments of the system, while investigations addressing blood microbiota are absent. The gut microbiota reported in these studies is composed of the Phyla Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, taxonomic groups that include species with recognized pathogenic potential for humans. However, direct evidence linking fish-associated microbiota to the internalization or transmission of human pathogens to vegetables grown in aquaponic systems remains scarce and inconclusive. This review identifies critical knowledge gaps, including the lack of integrated studies simultaneously screening the microbiota of fish, water, and vegetables, the underrepresentation of food safety outcomes, and the absence of standardized microbiological and molecular methodologies. By mapping the current evidence and its limitations, this scoping review provides a foundation for future research aimed at elucidating microbial transfer pathways in aquaponic systems and developing evidence-based biosecurity and microbiological control strategies to enhance the sustainability and safety of food production in aquaponic systems. • There is a lack of studies regarding the gut microbiota composition of tilapia in aquaponics and there is any study about the blood microbiota of tilapia in aquaponics systems • Growing vegetables in consortium with fish farming in aquaponic systems can compromise food safety and increase public health risks.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with behavioral and physical manifestations, such as sleep disturbances, which worsen the course of the disease and require effective management strategies. This review investigates non-pharmacological interventions available for the control of sleep disorders in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This is an integrative review, with searches carried out in the Public Medical Database, Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, using the descriptors: "Alzheimer Disease", "Sleep Wake Disorders", "Sleep Disorders", and "Therapeutics". Original studies evaluating non-pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders in patients with AD and using specific instruments to assess improvement in sleep disorders were included. The non-pharmacological interventions evaluated included bright light therapy, morning light exposure, personalized lighting intervention, blue-enriched white light exposure, transcranial magnetic stimulation, acupressure, multimodal exercise program, aromatic oil bath salts, light visor phototherapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation. Additionally, one article investigated the combination of bright light exposure with walking, as well as the isolated effects of each intervention. Non-pharmacological interventions for managing sleep disorders in patients with AD have shown promising strategies, including approaches such as light therapy, physical stimulation techniques, and acupressure, with results indicating potential benefits in improving sleep quality and mitigating behavioral and cognitive symptoms associated with the disease. However, current evidence highlights the need for future studies with more rigorous methodologies, larger population samples, and long-term follow-up to consolidate the efficacy and applicability of these interventions in clinical practice.

S. Cantara, S. Donnini, L. Morbidelli, A. Giachetti, R. Schulz, M. Memo and M. Ziche, "Physiological Levels of Amyloid Peptides Stimulate the Angiogenic Response Through FGF-2," The FASEB Journal 18, no. 15 (2004): 1943-1945, https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-2114fje. The above article, published online on 24 September 2004 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Loren E. Wold; the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology; and Wiley Periodicals, LLC. The journal received allegations by a third party of image manipulation present in Figure4E. Further investigation of the article confirmed the third-party concerns and also detected evidence of additional reuse and relabeling in Figures2A, 3C, and 4D and undisclosed splicing in Figure4D. The retraction has been agreed to because of the evidence of image manipulation and duplication in multiple figures, which fundamentally compromises the editors' confidence in the conclusions presented. The authors disagree with the retraction.

IntroductionMidwives/nurse midwives are the healthcare professionals most often present on the birth scene. However, they have been the professionals who are most justified to defend their legally established position by arguing their competence and autonomy. Thus, it is important to show their reality through experiences, particularly when autonomy does notalign with regulations. This meta-synthesis aims to bring together scientific evidence regarding midwife/nurse midwife’s autonomy experience in caring for labouring women in health facilities.Methods and analysisThe meta-aggregation will be used to conduct a systematic review of qualitative studies. In January 2025, a search was carried out in scientific databases: EBSCOhost (CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE Ultimate and Academic Search Complete), LILACS, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Scopus and Web of Science. The articles will be independently reviewed by two authors who will assess data quality, extraction and synthesis. Studies will be assessed for rigour using critical appraisal tools provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data extraction and synthesis will be carried out using software, and results will be presented in tables. The results of the qualitative research will, where possible, be grouped according to the meta-aggregation approach proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval to analyse secondary data is not required. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international and national conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024572542

G. Chen, K. A. Bower, C. Ma, S. Fang, C. J. Thiel and J. Luo, "Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) Mediates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neuronal Death," The FASEB Journal 18, no. 10 (2004): 1162-1164, https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-1551fje. The above article, published online on 07 May 2004 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Loren E. Wold; the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. This decision has been taken following publication of an Expression of Concern (https://doi.org/10.1096/fsb2.23869) and investigation of additional data subsequently provided by the authors to substantiate the results for Figures1A, 3A and 5C. Analysis of replicate experimental data indicated that the controls were not appropriately presented in the affected figures, as different controls were used for each panel in the figures. The experiments were not conducted in accordance with accepted standards in the field. As a result, the findings cannot be validated, and the editors consider the results and conclusions of this study to be unreliable. The authors disagree with the retraction.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder affecting 2.8 million individuals worldwide, characterized by motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment that remain poorly addressed by pharmacological interventions alone. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique for symptom management in MS patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS in improving motor and cognitive functions in patients with MS, and to assess its safety profile. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar databases. Studies were selected based on PICOS criteria, including randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies involving adults (≥ 18years) with all types of MS receiving tDCS interventions. Methodological quality was assessed using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4.1 with random-effects models for outcomes with substantial heterogeneity and fixed-effects models where I2 = 0%. Additionally, the protocol was prospectively registered with the Open Science Framework. Twenty-two studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included in this review. Meta-analysis revealed that tDCS significantly improved information processing speed (SDMT: MD = 7.71, 95% CI: 1.60-13.82, p = 0.01) and functional mobility (TUG: MD = -1.03s, 95% CI: -2.08-0.02, p = 0.05). While individual studies showed improvements in gait speed and balance, pooled analyses for these outcomes did not reach statistical significance (gait speed: MD = 0.16m/s, 95% CI: -0.07-0.38, p = 0.18; Berg Balance Scale: MD = 1.18, 95% CI: -2.03-4.39, p = 0.47). Qualitative analysis revealed consistent improvements in manual dexterity, working memory, executive function, and complex attention. Additionally, no serious adverse events were reported across studies; mild and transient side effects (e.g., tingling, itching) were noted, and completion rates were high (98% in studies that reported them). This systematic review provides preliminary evidence supporting tDCS as a potentially beneficial adjunctive intervention for MS patients, particularly for cognitive processing speed enhancement based on two small studies. While individual studies reported motor improvements, pooled meta-analyses for gait speed and balance failed to demonstrate statistical significance, indicating insufficient evidence for definitive motor benefits despite positive signals in individual trials. The substantial limitation of small study numbers per meta-analysis (2-6 studies), combined with limited MS subtype-specific data in most studies, significantly constrains confidence in these findings and limits assessment of external validity across different MS populations. Larger, standardized, multi-center randomized controlled trials with adequate subgroup representation and extended follow-up periods are essential to establish clinical significance and treatment durability.

L. Wang, D. C. Moore, J. Huang, Y. Wang, H. Zhao, J. D-H. Yue, C. L. Jackson, P. J. Quesenberry, W. Cao, and W. Yang, "SHP2 Regulates the Development of Intestinal Epithelium by Modifying OSTERIX+ Crypt Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Proliferation," The FASEB Journal 31, no. 1 (2021): e21106. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202001091R The above article, published online on 20 November 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Loren E. Wold; the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology; and Wiley Periodicals, LLC. It was anonymously reported that there was likely image manipulation present in Figures4F and 4G. The authors responded to an inquiry regarding the concerns, but they did not provide contemporaneous replicates of the problematic microscopy panels in Figure4G. Therefore, the editor cannot confirm the validity of the images originally presented in Figure4G. The retraction has been agreed to because of the evidence of image duplication in the figures, which fundamentally compromises the editors' confidence in the conclusions presented. The authors disagree with the retraction.

While citation counts are critical metrics for scholarly impact of research articles, they cannot objectively measure other impacts of research to society. Research articles have broader impact beyond academic, including informing health policy-making, planning and practice, but this utility has not been systematically examined for the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)-based publications. This paper examines both the academic and policy-related impacts of DHS-based articles. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Wiley Online Library and Dimensions and grey literature (theses and dissertations) to identify DHS-based publications since 1984. Academic impact was assessed through journal destinations, scope, accessibility and citation counts. To assess policy impact, this study utilizes the Overton database to identify citations of scientific research in policy documents. Citation to DHS-based publications have increased over the last four decades, contributing significantly to the public health evidence that has been utilized for academic and policy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Multidisciplinary and open-access journals such as PLOS One have predominantly published DHS-citation related research, often led by researchers from high-income countries (HICs). While open-access has improved accessibility for LMIC-led research, citation impact is skewed towards HIC-led studies, suggesting inequities in the citation impact landscape. The steady increase in both scholarly and policy citations indicates that DHS-based research is an important resource for academic and global health policy-making. DHS-based evidence plays a critical role in both academic and policy spheres. Its consistent citation growth demonstrates the scientific value of open, standardized, nationally representative data and its citation growth in policy documents underscores the need for continued investment in the programme to support evidence-based decision-making in LMICs.

R. Xu, F. Feng, X. Yu, Z. Liu, and L. Lao, "LncRNA SNHG4 Promotes Tumour Growth by Sponging miR-224-3p and Predicts Poor Survival and Recurrence in Human Osteosarcoma," Cell Proliferation 51, no. 6 (2018): e12515, https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.12515. The above article, published online on 28 August 2018 in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Qi Zhou; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Concerns were raised by a third party regarding duplicated images in multiple figures. An investigation by the publisher found apparent duplications within Figures3C and 5B, as well as images reused in or taken from other articles by different authors: 2E in Li etal. 2016 (https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S118581) and Guo etal. 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4390839); 5F in Zhang etal. 2018 (https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20187439) and Zhu etal. 2019 (https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102600); and 5B in Chen etal. 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1177/205873841882074) and Zhang etal. 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-019-01018-7). Due to the extent of these apparent duplications, the editor has lost confidence in the results reported, and therefore the article must be retracted. Corresponding author Lifeng Lao agrees with this decision. The other authors did not respond to the publisher's notice of retraction.

K. Garai , "Revealing Pest Patterns: A Comparative Spatial Distribution Analysis of Insect Threats in Kharif Rice Across the Key Agricultural Regions in the Eastern India," Pest Management Science (Early View): https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8486. The above article, published online on 22 October 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editors-in-Chief, Yidong Wu, Mithila Jugulam and Ray Hammerschmidt; the Society of Chemical Industry; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to flaws discovered in the article. The author was not able to provide comprehensive experimental data upon request. Accordingly, the conclusions of this manuscript have to be considered insufficiently supported. The author was informed of the decision to retract. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, affecting over 40% of individuals with diabetes. Despite advances in glycemic control and renin-angiotensin system blockade, effective therapeutic strategies remain limited. A narrative review was synthesized from research papers using PubMed, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Springer, and other sources, published between 2000 and 2025 with logical combinations of appropriate keywords and Medical Subject Headings. Emerging evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction as the central pathogenic mechanism underlying DKD progression. Mitochondria govern critical cellular processes, comprising energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and cell survival. In DKD, hyperglycemia-induced metabolic stress compromises mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, enhances reactive oxygen species production, damages mitochondrial DNA, as well as disrupts mitochondrial dynamics through aberrant fission, fusion, and mitophagy processes. These alterations occur early in the pathogenesis of disease and affect multiple renal cell types, particularly proximal tubular epithelial cells and podocytes. Recent studies have identified key molecular regulators of mitochondrial quality control, including PTEN-induced putative kinase 1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, dynamin-related protein 1-driven fission, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-αlpha-dependent biogenesis, as potential therapeutic targets. Novel therapies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, and metabolic modulators, have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. This paper synthesizes recent understanding of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics in DKD pathogenesis and evaluates emerging mitochondria-directed therapeutic strategies. This review concludes that only SGLT2 inhibitors are the only class of drugs with robust randomized controlled trial evidence to date and other emerging therapeutic options require further clinical validation.

H. Xing, Y. Taguchi, S. Komasa, I. Yamawaki, T. Sekino, M. Umeda, J. Okazaki "Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis on a Titanium Nanosurface," Journal of Periodontology 86, no. 3 (2015): 448-455, https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2014.140386 The above article, published online on 01 March 2015 in the Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement among journal Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Effie Ioannidou; the American Academy of Periodontology; and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The President of Osaka Dental University contacted the Editor-in-Chief and editorial staff of the Journal of Periodontology requesting the retraction. A research integrity committee from the University concluded that the authors committed research misconduct by using identical data and figures that had been published previously. The Editor-in-Chief reviewed the articles in question and concluded that in the present article, Table 1 data in the titanium (Ti) control group and the titania nanosheet (TNS) control group present completely identical data, in different experimental conditions, to a previously published International Journal of Nanomedicine article [Xing etal. (2014); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S58502], that has since been retracted. Several images in Figure 1 are also identical to images published in Xing etal. (2014). Additionally, in the present article, Figures 3A and 3B showing cell cultures include identical image parts in different experiments and groups; Figures 4A and 4B showing cell cultures also present visibly identical images in different experiments and groups. The corresponding author could present neither the original raw data nor the correct images as requested by the University. The University requested that the corresponding author retract the article but did not receive a response. Dr. Xing does not agree with the retraction. Dr. Komasa agrees with the retraction. No response was received from Drs. Taguchi, Yamawaki, and Sekino, and Drs. Umeda and Okazaki could not be reached. This retraction notice is being published in both the print and online versions of the Journal of Periodontology.

Tick-borne apicomplexan parasites are a threat to livestock health and human life, underscoring parasite significance within the One Health Framework. Advances in sequencing provide vital insights into parasite diversity, genetic composition, and behavior, supporting improved prevention and control strategies. This review synthesizes sequencing approaches applied to Theileria and Babesia, highlighting how evolving technologies are reshaping comprehension of parasite variation and gene function. A systematic analysis was conducted using five databases -Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed, and the Africa Online Journals (AJOL), and Google Scholar. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist was used for managing data bias and the PRISMA guidelines flow diagram summarized the data selection criteria. A total of 127 articles (1995 to 2025) were synthesized, representing the first systematic synthesis of sequencing approaches for Theileria and Babesia. The review highlights three sampling approaches used in sequencing; infected host tissue, parasite culture and questing ticks. Emerging sequencing technologies such as Oxford Nanopore present promising opportunities for direct RNA sequencing, complementing existing platforms. Sequencing advances have revealed hypervariable genetic regions with direct implications for improved variant detection and surveillance, and vaccine target discovery. Whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing have uncovered key gene families essential for host specificity and parasite survival, paving way for potential targets for parasite control strategies in livestock and human health, while reassembly of older genomes has enhanced resolution of genetic variation. Advances in genome sequencing have enhanced our understanding of parasite biology and reshaped parasite detection, surveillance, and vaccine development. Not applicable.

Intelligent Clinical Decision-Making Systems have become a cornerstone of modern healthcare by enabling accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning through data-driven insights. With the growing availability of heterogeneous healthcare data such as medical images, clinical records, physiological signals and textual reports, multimodal learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm for integrating diverse data sources. This review presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of multimodal approaches for intelligent clinical decision-making by leveraging machine learning, deep learning, transfer learning and natural language processing techniques. A structured literature search was conducted using IEEE, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library and Springer databases, focusing on peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025. The selected articles were analysed based on data modalities, learning strategies, healthcare applications, datasets and performance evaluation metrics. This review highlights the effectiveness of multimodal frameworks in addressing key challenges such as class imbalance, disease prediction, patient monitoring and treatment planning. Additionally, it discusses the benefits, open challenges and limitations of existing intelligent clinical decision frameworks, including scalability, interpretability and real-world deployment issues. Finally, the review outlines future research directions emphasizing the integration of Internet of Things-enabled healthcare data, federated learning for privacy preservation and blockchain-based secure data sharing to enhance the reliability and clinical adoption of intelligent decision-making systems.

C. Wang, Y. Jing, W. Yu, J. Gu, Z. Wei, A. Chen, Y.-T. Yen, X. He, L. Cen, A. Chen, X. Song, Y. Wu, L. Yu, G. Tao, B. Liu, S. Wang, B. Xue, and R. Li, "Bivalent Gadolinium Ions Forming Injectable Hydrogels for Simultaneous In Situ Vaccination Therapy and Imaging of Soft Tissue Sarcoma,"Advanced Healthcare Materials12, no. 26 (2023): 2300877,https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202300877. The above article, published online on 11 August 2023 in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), has been retracted by agreement between the authors; the journal Editor-in-Chief, Uta Goebel; and Wiley-VCH GmbH. A third party alerted the editor to concerns about an error in terminology: Divalent/bivalent Gadolinium2+ is referenced throughout the text, but the dominant and correct form is trivalent (Gadolinium3+). The authors acknowledge this error, noting that the stable oxidation state of gadolinium under physiological conditions is indeed +3, not +2. They confirm that this was an error in chemical terminology, not in the materials or experimental design, as the commercially available Gd(III)-gadodiamide was used. Additionally, the authors identified an error in the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining results of Figure 9, in which a subpanel was mistakenly replaced with a duplicate image from an alternate set of H&E staining images that the authors had prepared with different scale bars for visual optimization. The authors note that this error occurred during file reorganization and was unintentional. Because of these errors that impact the study's premise and results, the article must be retracted. A revised version of this article is available here: [https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.71182].

U.S. immigration laws and policies are subject to rapid and constant changes, rendering the landscape for immigration legal research complicated, messy, and sometimes unreliable. This article explores an immigration researcher’s challenge of accessing, evaluating, and relying on immigration resources when laws and policies change almost daily through executive orders, regulatory changes, or the simple disappearance of information from government websites. Using a survey of research platforms and resources, including comprehensive legal research databases, specialized online libraries, and publicly accessible websites and newsletters, this analysis identifies the strengths and weaknesses of accessing immigration law and policy information. In an era defined by uncertainty, and when researchers are confronted with paywalls, subscription fees, broken links, and outdated information, this article can serve as a practical guide for navigating the complex and evolving maze of U.S. immigration law resources.

Academic anxiety can reduce concentration, impair working memory, and have a negative impact on academic performance. This study aims to synthesise the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of Chewing Gum Distraction (CGD) and Slow Deep Breathing (SDB) in reducing academic anxiety using the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) framework. This study employed a literature review method with a systematic search across five international scientific databases Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar for publications from 2019 to 2025. The included articles were primary studies with a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT), quasi-experimental, or experimental design investigating the CGD or SDB interventions on academic anxiety or stress among university students. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed thematically. The results of the review indicate that both interventions consistently reduced anxiety or stress levels significantly (p < 0.05). CGD operates through cognitive regulation by reducing rumination and modulating attention, whilst SDB operates through physiological regulation by increasing parasympathetic activity and autonomic stability. The combination of these two interventions has the potential to serve as an effective psychophysiological adaptation strategy for reducing students’ academic anxiety.

The pregnant brain: A narrative review of neuroplasticity and adaptation for motherhood.

Retraction: P. Bhattacharjee, T. Ghosh, S. Sarkar, P. Pandya, and K. Bhadra, "Binding Affinity and InVitro Cytotoxicity of Harmaline Targeting Different Motifs of Nucleic Acids: An Ultimate Drug Designing Approach," Journal of Molecular Recognition 31, no. 4 (2018): e2687. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmr.2687. The above article, published online on 15 December 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Rebecca Wade; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. A third party reported on PubPeer [1] that images in Figures9B contained evidence of manipulation; that Figure9A included an image which had been duplicated from an earlier article by some of the same authors and presented at a different magnification [Sarkar etal. 2016 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2016.08.024)]; and that manipulated versions of an image in Figure8A had been duplicated in later articles by some of the same authors [Bhattacharjee etal. 2018 (https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2018.60401) and Chattopadhyay etal. 2019 (https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.245)]. The authors responded to an inquiry by the publisher. However, they were unable to provide a sufficient explanation for the evidence of image manipulation and data reuse between this article and other articles by the same author group. Following receipt of the authors' response, the publisher detected additional evidence of image manipulation in Figures8B and 9A. The retraction has been agreed to because evidence of image duplication and manipulation fundamentally compromises the editors' confidence in the reported conclusions. The authors confirmed that the complete archival of raw data could not be retrieved due to the age of the experiments and stated that they disagree with the wording of the retraction. REFERENCES: [1] Sundasciurus fraterculus. Comments on "Binding affinity and invitro cytotoxicity of harmaline targeting different motifs of nucleic acids: An ultimate drug designing approach," PubPeer, August-September 2025. https://pubpeer.com/publications/AE3A60EA7C6E78A714B472E1CB953C.

Z. Tao, K. Zhang, R.M. Callaway, E. Siemann, Y. Liu, and W. Huang, "Native Plant Diversity Generates Microbial Legacies That Either Promote or Suppress Non-Natives, Depending on Drought History," Ecology Letters 27, no. 9 (2024): e14504, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14504. The above article, published online on 2 October 2024 in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Peter H. Thrall; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Concerns about the data were raised by one of the journal editors. Following publication, the editors identified unusual repetitive patterns in the data underlying the study. The editors concluded that the patterns, identified using common statistical analysis tools, were unlikely to have occurred by chance from a typical environmental data collection effort. When asked about the concerns, the authors shared some raw data but were unable to provide a satisfactory explanation to the editors for the patterns in the published data that the editors could not reconcile with the study's conclusions. When later presented with the possibility of retraction and a draft retraction statement, the authors disagreed strongly and provided a detailed rebuttal of the editors' assessment. They argued in part that the software tools the editors used to identify the duplication patterns had not been peer reviewed or otherwise validated. As part of an extensive investigation of the authors' rebuttal claims, the publisher consulted an anonymous and independent subject matter expert (SME), who confirmed the findings of the editors and noted that the repetitive patterns observed in the underlying data were inconsistent with the reliability required to support the article's conclusions. As a result of the post-publication review by the SME, the editors affirm that they have lost confidence in the results and conclusions. In line with the journal's editorial policies, the editors determined that unresolved concerns regarding data reliability warranted retraction. The authors disagree with the retraction.