Online Exchange Research Articles

Upscaling of a local model into a larger-scale model

Abstract. Traditionally, in order for lower-resolution, global- or basin-scale (regional) models to benefit from some of the improvements available in higher-resolution subregional or coastal models, two-way nesting has to be used. This implies that the parent and child models have to be run together and there is an online exchange of information between both models. This approach is often impossible in operational systems where different model codes are run by different institutions, often in different countries. Therefore, in practice, these systems use one-way nesting with data transfer only from the parent model to the child models. In this article, it is examined whether it is possible to replace the missing feedback (coming from the child model) by data assimilation, avoiding the need to run the models simultaneously. Selected variables from the high-resolution simulation will be used as pseudo-observations and assimilated into the low-resolution models. This method will be called “upscaling”. A realistic test case is set up with a model covering the Mediterranean Sea, and a nested model covering its north-western basin. Under the hypothesis that the nested model has better prediction skills than the parent model, the upscaling method is implemented. Two simulations of the parent model are then compared: the case of one-way nesting (or a stand-alone model) and a simulation using the upscaling technique on the temperature and salinity variables. It is shown that the representation of some processes, such as the Rhône River plume, is strongly improved in the upscaled model compared to the stand-alone model.

Metapragmatic comments in web-based intercultural peer evaluation

AbstractPeer evaluation (PE) of student writings is increasingly conducted online these days, creating unique opportunities for intercultural communication. Adopting a socio-cognitive approach and drawing on data from an online exchange program between Chinese and American university students, the study examines how revision-oriented metapragmatic comments (MPCs) are used to adjust the salience of specific contextual factors in three dimensions: information (including socio-cultural, language, and writing knowledge), situational context, and interpersonal relations. The MPCs are found to have substantiated a host of pragmatic strategies, such as patterned moves, foregrounding or backgrounding information, evidentiality markers, dispreferred second turns, and highlighting group identity. Enhancing or degrading the salience of contextual factors, the MPCs facilitate the construction of a common ground between the Chinese and American students in terms of knowledge and personal affiliation. The use of revision-oriented MPCs in PE manifests the collaborative, mutually supportive nature of web-based intercultural communication.

Synonym-Based Word Frequency Analysis to Support the Development and Presentation of a Public Health Quality Improvement Taxonomy.

Researchers and analysts have not completely examined word frequency analysis as an approach to creating a public health quality improvement taxonomy. To develop a taxonomy of public health quality improvement concepts for an online exchange of quality improvement work. We analyzed documents, conducted an expert review, and employed a user-centered design along with a faceted search approach to make online entries searchable for users. To provide the most targeted facets to users, we used word frequency to analyze 334 published public health quality improvement documents to find the most common clusters of word meanings. We then reviewed the highest-weighted concepts and categorized their relationships to quality improvement details in our taxonomy. Next, we mapped meanings to items in our taxonomy and presented them in order of their weighted percentages in the data. Using these methods, we developed and sorted concepts in the faceted search presentation so that online exchange users could access relevant search criteria. We reviewed 50 of the top synonym clusters and identified 12 categories for our taxonomy data. The final categories were as follows: Summary; Planning and Execution Details; Health Impact; Training and Preparation; Information About the Community; Information About the Health Department; Results; Quality Improvement (QI) Staff; Information; Accreditation Details; Collaborations; and Contact Information of the Submitter. Feedback about the elements in the taxonomy and presentation of elements in our search environment from users has been positive. When relevant data are available, the word frequency analysis method may be useful in other taxonomy development efforts for public health.

Telecollaboration HI-UB: online interaction and exchange in a language course

Telecollaboration HI-UB: online interaction and exchange in a language course

The Tourist GIS as a Result of the Tourism Application Research of the Administrative Area: Methodical Aspects

Purpose. Assessment of existing and potential nature reserves of Cherkasy region on ecological, cultural and historical grounds, as well as for organization of recreation and development of tourism in these territories. Creation of a universal database of eco-tourism through GIS by connecting digital maps of Cherkasy region for online exchange of information. This system provides data integration for users with different interests and across different age groups (schoolchildren, foreigners, athletes, holidaymakers, scientists, etc.). Methods. Vectorization of bitmaps; correction, use and storage of materials and re sults of remote sensing; collecting and anchoring field research data, constructing, designing and submitting a mapping image. Results. Geographic information technology is a tool that helps to study natural resources in more detail, to use them rationally, to carry out detailed environmental monitoring, as well as geoinformation technologies to create databases with the necessary and useful for the consumer geographical information. Therefore, such tourism databases should be created, which will carry all the information about the tourism product. The content and structure of the tourist GIS are considered, the main stages of its creation are determined. The role of tourism GIS in applied tourism studies at the administrative region level is shown. The methodological basis for the creation of tourism GIS for eco-tourism in the use of computer technologies is the general basics of the creation and operation of geoinformation systems. Conclusions. The research that will be carried out in the future will be related to the work on the development and creation of a database of objects of the nature reserve fund by the type and necessity of their use in the field of ecological tourism. For individual rural communities, the strategy for the rational use of natural resources within the objects of the nature reserve fund will be calculated on the basis of this database.

Factors affecting willingness to contribute goods and services on social media

The study focusses on online community (henceforth OC), a dominant factor in the social media domain. OCs are growing in popularity and offer an accessible outlet for individuals who genuinely wish to contribute for the good of society by identifying motivations for contributing goods and services to OCs. Examples range from Couchsurfing, a global online exchange community for coordinating free travel accommodations, to Freecycle, on which members offer a variety of items for free. Drawing on the Uses and Gratifications, Social Identity and Self-Categorisation theories and on data gleaned from 1,229 respondents, we validate and examine factors that affect willingness to contribute goods and services on social media. We construct and validate a Willingness to Contribute on Social Media (WCSM) Scale, employing SEM to analyse the data. Findings corroborate positive effects of self-esteem, social interaction, social importance, exposure to and subjective value of contributions on the willingness to donate. Self-esteem and interactions mediate the relationship between status-seeking and the willingness to donate.

Development and initial Experience of an online Exchange Platform on Sex and Gender Aspects in Medicine: "GenderMed-Wiki".

Goal: Knowledge about sex/gender aspects in medicine is often lacking, even though this serves as base for individualized patient-centered care. Thus we developed an online exchange platform on sex and gender aspects in medicine: “GenderMed-Wiki” [www.gendermed-wiki.de]. This was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; FKZ: 01FP1506). Our goal is to facilitate the integration of sex and gender in all areas of medicine. Therefore we evaluated if "GenderMed-Wiki" is suitable to provide knowledge on sex and gender aspects in medicine adequately. Methods: Qualitative evaluation of “GenderMed-Wiki” was done 6 months after project start by 4 focus groups with a total of 30 participants (students, lecturers, physicians, and the public). The discussions in each focus group were minuted, requirements pooled and new categories derived inductively. After further optimization of the platform a quantitative survey was done by an online questionnaire (SoSci Survey). 149 students of the medical faculties of Muenster and Duisburg-Essen (as well as students of dentistry from the medical faculty of Muenster) participated (return rate of 3.3%). Evaluation of the content of the articles was done by assessing three professional articles: Sex/gender and medicine (both study courses medicine and dentistry), depression (medicine only) and periodontitis (dentistry only). The results were reported in relative and absolute frequencies and associations were assessed by Chi-Quadrat-tests. Results: Four categories which needed further optimization were deducted from the responses given by our focus groups prior to evaluation: aspects related to content, technical requirements, usability of the platform and legal challenges. Most of the students found “GenderMed-Wiki” to be informative, however they didn´t think it to be relevant for their current studies. In contrast, many thought that the platform may be useful when working as physicians. Students who reported that topics related to sex and gender were not of importance to them, evaluated the platform more neutrally and answered questions related to sex/gender in depression more often incorrectly.Conclusions: Focus groups are a useful approach to identify necessary changes in projects in a systematic way. After further optimizations, “GenderMed-Wiki” seems to be suitable to facilitate the integration of sex/gender into medical teachings. It is of importance, however, to change the attitude of students towards sex/gender sensitive medicine (e.g. by integration into the medical curriculum), since this influences strongly how this platform is perceived and how someone deals with its contents.

Fraud prediction for credit card using classification method

With the improvement of innovation like credit cards, debit cards, mobile banking, Internet managing an account is the mainstream medium to exchange the cash starting with one record then onto the next. Credit card is picking up fame day by day which expands the online exchange with the expansion in online shopping, online charge payment, insurance premium and different charges so the extortion cases identified with this are likewise expanding and it puts an extraordinary anxiety on the economy, affecting the two clients and budgetary bodies. It costs cash as well as an awesome measure of time to reestablish the damage done. In this paper, we look whether data mining procedures are valuable to estimate and categorize the client's credit risk score (normal/fraud) to beat the future dangers. The reason for existing is to keep the clients from online exchange by utilizing particular Data mining classification methods. The fakes are ascertained by Naïve Bayes method way to deal with break down the exchange is actual or fake. The exploratory outcome demonstrates that our model has great classification accuracy, recall and precision.

Design and implementation of a LADM-based external archive data model for land registry and cadastre transactions in Turkey: A case study of municipality

It is pointed out that even though Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standards offers a conceptual scheme defining the legal and geometrical components of real estate, it is important to be compatible with other databases (e.g. with land cover data, archive data, land valuation data and taxation data) that may be related to the model. In the model, the archive data model, which is defined as one of the external data structures, provides a class structure in which the information and documents necessary for land registry and cadastral transactions are represented. According to this class structure, necessary information and documents are kept in archive. Thanks to this structure which enables follow-up of transactions, similar transactions are prevented from being repeated.The General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC) performs 25 different land registry and cadastral transactions. During these transactions, some documents (e.g. power of attorney, real estate value statement, building occupancy permit, authority certificate, etc.) are requested from various external institutions (e.g. Municipality, Notary, Governor's Office, Court, etc.). Considering the fact that 8 million transactions are made annually, approximately 20 million documents are manually controlled. The manual control of such an amount of documents can cause waste of time and paper and some forgery. There is a need for external data management in accordance with LADM that enables data sharing between institutions to check whether the documents requested from external institutions during the transactions have up-to-date and correct information content.This study focuses on the online management of the information and documents requested by the GDLRC from the Municipality during the land registry and cadastral transactions. In this context, an external data model for the management of relevant information and documents is proposed. A web-based application was developed to prove that the proposed model is feasible. The application made possible the online exchange and inquiry of information and documents in the digital environment. As a result, it has been observed that thanks to the application, the time for the transaction was shortened, no document in paper form was required as the documents were inquired in a digital environment and fraud was reduced.

Linking Virtual and Physical Mobility: A Success Story of a Multilingual and Multicultural Exchange

Summary The article presents a scientific analysis of a practical application of multilingual and multicultural education at higher education, more specifically, the description of the eTandem project developed and launched by the Language Center of the University of Padua, which won the European Language Label (ELL) in December 2016. The project was selected and nominated since it provides a methodological approach and study strategies which favour multilingualism, mobility for young people and inclusiveness. The project is based on an online exchange between Italian students enrolled at the University of Padua and international students who will be coming to the University. It differs from many other telecollaboration projects in that it involves different languages, levels of language competence as well as various ways of interaction. Indeed, it implies three different ways of communication among participants: (1) one-to-one partnership in the students’ target language; (2) many-to-many interaction in Italian and/or English/French/Spanish as linguae francae on a Moodle platform and/or in a social Facebook area; (3) one-to-many multilingual interaction carried out by e-tutors in Facebook. They provide students with useful links regarding cultural events and things to do in Padua and its surroundings, as well as recent news and interesting linguistic and cultural issues related to different countries. Mobility, informality, autonomy, reciprocity, friendship, fun and multilingual community are the key words of this initiative whose objectives are aimed at developing linguistic, cultural, personal, social and digital skills in different languages, even in the less used and less taught ones.

Assessing the Buyer Trust and Satisfaction Factors in the E-Marketplace

Indonesian online sales have received remarkable growth with as high as 20% consistently every year. In 2016, there were estimated more than 180 million internet users and have reached 40% of 250 million total inhabitants. Based on the surveys, there are four most popular online vendors in Indonesia, such as: Lazada, Tokopedia, OnLine eXchange and Bukalapak, with strong customer bases. Due to its tremendous growth, however, there is still very few studies can be found to understand the characteristics of e-marketplace in Indonesia. For this reason, the article examines those most popular online vendors in Jakarta area, where the most buyers tend to have more experiences in conducting online purchases. The article utilizes the revised TAM as a valuable method to assess the important factors of online purchases such as: buyer and satisfaction factors, that comprised of: buyer perceived risk, seller’s expertise and reputation, and convenience of buying. The findings are aimed to address the important factors that can be used to increase buyer satisfaction. The outcomes of the study are expected to provide valuable guidance for all e-sellers and buyers to understand Indonesian e-marketplace.

Peer-to-peer word-of-mouth: word-of-mouth extended to group online exchange

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how peer-to-peer word-of-mouth (PPWOM) conversations evolve over time because of the dynamic social nature of the community in which they take place.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzed PPWOM conversations in an online community website for new and expectant mothers. Two data collection phases were undertaken during a four-year period. In phase I, messages were collected for a one-month period from five different bulletin boards (i.e. cross-sectional data) and at two points in time (i.e. semi-longitudinal). In phase II, a full longitudinal study was conducted, and the complete text of all messages of a newly formed bulletin board was captured for a nine-month period. The corpus of messages was examined in line with the basic tools of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis.FindingsThis research developed a typology of PPWOM genres and showed that these genres change over the community lifespan. The findings confirmed that the levels of social cohesiveness and the interaction communicative motives are the main factors that distinguish different PPWOM genres.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has offered a new perspective into the study of PPWOM, and hopefully it will serve as a starting point for a broader dialogue regarding the social context in which PPWOM is exchanged.Originality/valueIn contrast to traditional word-of-mouth research, this study demonstrated that PPWOM conversations go much beyond the exchange of functional information, and instead serve numerous social and emotional goals.

Enabling global exchange of groundwater data: GroundWaterML2 (GWML2)

GWML2 is an international standard for the online exchange of groundwater data that addresses the problem of data heterogeneity. This problem makes groundwater data hard to find and use because the data are diversely structured and fragmented into numerous data silos. Overcoming data heterogeneity requires a common data format; however, until the development of GWML2, an appropriate international standard has been lacking. GWML2 represents key hydrogeological entities such as aquifers and water wells, as well as related measurements and groundwater flows. It is developed and tested by an international consortium of groundwater data providers from North America, Europe, and Australasia, and facilitates many forms of data exchange, information representation, and the development of online web portals and tools.

Ranking on Arbitrary Graphs: Rematch via Continuous Linear Programming

Motivated by online advertisement and exchange settings, greedy randomized algorithms for the maximum matching problem have been studied, in which the algorithm makes (random) decisions that are es...

A collective matrix factorisation approach to social recommendation with eWOM propagation effects

In recent years, recommender systems have become an important tool for many online retailers to increase sales. Many of these recommender systems predict users' interests in products by using the browsing history or item rating records of users. However, many studies show that, before making a purchase, people often read online reviews and exchange opinions with friends in their social circles. The resulting electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has a huge impact on customer's purchase intention. Nonetheless, most recommender systems in the current literature do not consider eWOM, let alone the effect of its propagation. Therefore, this paper proposes a new recommendation model based on the collective matrix factorisation technique for predicting customer preferences in this paper. A series of experiments using data collected from Epinions and Yelp are conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms other closely related models by 5%-13% in terms of RMSE and MAE.

A collective matrix factorisation approach to social recommendation with eWOM propagation effects

In recent years, recommender systems have become an important tool for many online retailers to increase sales. Many of these recommender systems predict users' interests in products by using the browsing history or item rating records of users. However, many studies show that, before making a purchase, people often read online reviews and exchange opinions with friends in their social circles. The resulting electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has a huge impact on customer's purchase intention. Nonetheless, most recommender systems in the current literature do not consider eWOM, let alone the effect of its propagation. Therefore, this paper proposes a new recommendation model based on the collective matrix factorisation technique for predicting customer preferences in this paper. A series of experiments using data collected from Epinions and Yelp are conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms other closely related models by 5%-13% in terms of RMSE and MAE.

Crowd sourcing to bridge the gap between science and public health

A One Health approach has been promoted for twenty years to strengthen control and prevention of zoonotic diseases.But barriers remain particularly limiting effective intersectoral cooperation between science and public health. Crowdsourcing is an online, distributed, problem-solving, and production model, which generally includes four elements: 1) An institution or an individual has a task or question, 2) a community (crowd) solves the task on a voluntary basis, 3) an online-platform facilitates the interaction of both sides, and 4) the result is an added value for the questioner as well as the crowd. We propose a crowdsourcing approach where individual scientists and public and veterinary health representatives can act both as questioners or crowd members. The combination of an online exchange forum, an integrated search database and targeted training making use of innovative media has the potential to break down historical barriers limiting intersectoral cooperation. This approach can encourage information exchange, improve translation of research into policy and practice and lead to more targeted science and advanced training.

Recommending books to be exchanged online in the absence of wish lists

An online exchange system is a web service that allows communities to trade items without the burden of manually selecting them, which saves users' time and effort. Even though online book‐exchange systems have been developed, their services can further be improved by reducing the workload imposed on their users. To accomplish this task, we propose a recommendation‐based book exchange system, called EasyEx, which identifies potential exchanges for a user solely based on a list of items the user is willing to part with. EasyEx is a novel and unique book‐exchange system because unlike existing online exchange systems, it does not require a user to create and maintain a wish list, which is a list of items the user would like to receive as part of the exchange. Instead, EasyEx directly suggests items to users to increase serendipity and as a result expose them to items which may be unfamiliar, but appealing, to them. In identifying books to be exchanged, EasyEx employs known recommendation strategies, that is, personalized mean and matrix factorization, to predict book ratings, which are treated as the degrees of appeal to a user on recommended books. Furthermore, EasyEx incorporates OptaPlanner, which solves constraint satisfaction problems efficiently, as part of the recommendation‐based exchange process to create exchange cycles. Experimental results have verified that EasyEx offers users recommended books that satisfy the users' interests and contributes to the item‐exchange mechanism with a new design methodology.

Consumers' online information adoption behavior: Motives and antecedents of electronic word of mouth communications

Electronic word of mouth influences the consumer buying behavior through the online exchange of customer opinions and experiences about commodities using social networking sites. Reviews or comments posted on the Internet by consumers and experts are based on their personal experiences and the evaluation and expert analysis of a product. The current study explains an overview of key elements of eWOM communication antecedents, addresses eWOM motives to analyze food products purchasing factors associated with consumer engagement. We found certain factors of eWOM that should be considered in decision making according to the model for information adoption. It revealed that consumers’ need for social interaction, economic incentives, and self-worth reinforcement are the primary drivers of eWOM involvement. However, argument quality was found to be more appealing then eWOM source credibility for food product purchasing. Practitioners should make their strategies to follow the credibility standards, trustworthy vehicles, perceived values, informative and digital channels for the enhancement of eWOM communications. eWOM communication is an emerging area, further research can be focused on the meta-analysis of relative factors, such as responses, moderators, and credibility to eWOM communication.

Open-circuit respirometry: a historical review of portable gas analysis systems.

Scientists such as physiologists, engineers, and nutritionists have often sought to estimate human metabolic strain during daily activities and physical pursuits. The measurement of human metabolism can involve direct calorimetry as well as indirect calorimetry using both closed-circuit respirometry and open-circuit methods that can include diluted flow chambers and laboratory-based gas analysis systems. For field studies, methods involving questionnaires, pedometry, accelerometery, heart rate telemetry, and doubly labelled water exist, yet portable metabolic gas analysis remains the gold standard for most field studies on energy expenditure. This review focuses on research-based portable systems designed to estimate metabolic rate typically under steady-state conditions by critically examining each significant historical innovation. Key developments include Zuntz's 1906 innovative system, then a significant improvement to this purely mechanical system by the widely adopted Kofranyi-Michaelis device in the 1940s. Later, a series of technical improvements: in electronics lead to Wolf's Integrating Motor Pneumotachograph in the 1950s; in polarographic O2 cells in 1970-1980's allowed on-line oxygen uptake measures; in CO2 cells in 1990s allowed on-line respiratory exchange ratio determination; and in advanced sensors/computing power at the turn of the century led to the first truly breath-by-breath portable systems. Very recent significant updates to the popular Cosmed and Cortex systems and the potential commercial release of the NASA-developed 'PUMA' system show that technological developments in this niche area are still incrementally advancing.