One-way ANOVA Test Research Articles

The μDrop Method Enhances Melanin Content Measurement in the in vitro Melanogenesis Model Using B16F10 Cell Line

Background: The B16F10 cell line is a cell frequently used in melanin content assays. However, reports on cell models using B16F10 are limited, particularly as the robust model cell in the Indonesian cosmetics industry. We found measuring melanin content using microplate spectrophotometry to be challenging, so this research was conducted to develop a method using μDrop spectrophotometry.Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, the B16F10 melanoma cell line was cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were categorized into control, stimulated, and treated groups. Melanogenesis stimulation was achieved using 1μM α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), while inhibition using 800 μg/ml kojic acid. After treatment, the cells were incubated for 48 hours. Their melanin content was then measured using an ELISA reader with a μDrop method and compared with the microplate method. Statistical analysis used a one-way ANOVA test with Turkey’s Post Hoc analysis.Results: The μDrop method increased the melanin signal into the linear range of machine readings, while the signals from the microplate method fell far below this range. The B16F10 melanoma cell lines stimulated by α-MSH exhibited increased melanin production compared with the control group, while kojic acid treatment significantly reduced (p<0.05) melanin content in the stimulated group.Conclusion: The μDrop method significantly outperformed the microplate method in measuring melanin content within melanogenesis cell models, offering enhanced accuracy and particularly excelling at quantifying low content of melanin. Keywords: μDrop, microplate, melanin, melanogenesis, B16F10 cell line, RPMI

Teaching Practices in English as a Second Language at Secondary Level: Opportunities <b>and Threats</b>

The main intention of this study was to identify the opportunities and threats in teaching English as second language at secondary Level. Specifically, its focused on external factors (opportunities and threats) encountered by English language teachers in the four primary language skills: listening, reading, speaking, and writing. To achieve the objectives of this study, a quantitative descriptive survey design was employed, using structured questionnaire to identifying opportunities and threats in instructional practices in English as a second language at secondary level. All public secondary school English teachers of the School Education Department of Punjab, Pakistan were considered as the population of the study. In this study stratified random sampling technique was used for sampling and selected 301 (187 male and 114 female) secondary school English teachers. The data was analyzed through frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, t-tests and one-way ANOVA test. The results and findings of this study revealed the opportunities such as teaching trainings, use of technologies, apps, software and speaking with natives can improve teaching effectiveness. Threats investigated like lack of audio and video equipment, insufficient time, rigid curriculum, large class sizes, inadequate technology-related training, and lack of finance.

Nursing and Midwifery Students' COVID-19 Vaccine Regrets and Future Vaccination Intentions: A Mixed Methods Study.

Regret over COVID-19 vaccine decisions is a post-pandemic phenomenon that needs further research. This mixed-method research was conducted to examine nursing-midwifery students' COVID-19 vaccine decision regret and their intention to get vaccinated in the next pandemic. The research includes quantitative and qualitative research processes. In the first phase, a quantitative (cross-sectional) study was conducted, collecting data from 602 participants who met the inclusion criteria. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants. Data were collected using the Decision Regret Scale and semi-structured interview form. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, one-way anova test, and inductive content analysis, and reported using Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study. In the study, it was determined that 96.3% of the participants had received the COVID-19 vaccine and 50.0% regretted getting vaccinated. As a result of the analysis of qualitative data, the following themes emerged that could reveal the reasons for vaccine regret; forced compliance, a strange pandemic, unknown effects, and vaccine hesitancy. Students' experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic have the potential to increase negative attitudes towards their vaccines.

The Impact of Pluchea indica L. Leaf Ethanol Extract on In Vitro Biofilms of Microorganisms that are Associated with Water Pollution

Abstract The presence of Escherichia coli is one of the microbiological indicators of water pollution. By forming biofilms, these bacteria possess the capacity to tolerate and adapt to very challenging conditions. In terms of water contamination, the formation of Escherichia coli biofilms is very important. Co-infection with Candida albicans, which can also form biofilms, can worsen the situation. The etanol extract of Pluchea indica L. leaves contains flavonoids, which are bioactive substances with antibiofilm potential, along with tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and fenolic acid. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of etanol extract from Pluchea indica L. leaves as an antibiofilm agent in Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. This study was conducted using the Microtitter Plate Biofilm Assay method by reading the optical density (OD) value using a microplate reader with a wavelength of 595 nm. The results of this study indicate that increasing the concentration of extract will cause a decrease in biofilm as indicated by a decrease in OD. With the One-Way ANOVA test, p = 0.000. This study concludes that the extract of Pluchea indica L. leaves has the capacity to inhibit microbial biofilms of Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

Effect of an experimental pregabalin gel on dental sensitivity and color change after bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide: a randomized clinical trial.

This clinical study evaluated an experimental pregabalin (PG) gel in reducing dental sensitivity (DS) and color change after dental bleaching. Seventy-five volunteers were selected and randomized into three groups: GPG (10% pregabalin gel), GKF (5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride), and GP (placebo gel). Prior to the bleaching treatment, GPG and GKF received applications of the respective desensitizing gels for 10min. The GP group received an application of placebo gel, similar to the other groups. The bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide in 3 sessions, with a 7-day interval between sessions. Post-bleaching DS was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) over 21 days of follow-up. Color Assessment (ΔE00, ΔWID, and ΔEab) and luminosity (L) were measured at baseline (T0) and 7 days after the third session (T1). Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey tests were used, with α = 5%. Intergroup analysis showed that on the 1st, 8th, and 15th days, DS was higher for GP (p < 0.006; p = 0.004; p < 0.001) and did not differ between GKF and GPG (p = 0.203; p = 0.178; p = 0.09). In the intragroup analysis, GP showed a significant increase in DS on the 15th day (p < 0.001). The experimental 10% pregabalin gel reduced dental sensitivity and did not interfere with bleaching results. The topical application of 10% pregabalin gels and NKF was effective in reducing tooth sensitivity 24 hoursafter whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide. ClinicalTrials.gov trial registry with the identifier NCT06180707.

Comparison of facial profile attractiveness in pattern III patients treated with facial filling or orthognathic surgery

Comparison of facial profile attractiveness in pattern III patients treated with facial filling or orthognathic surgery

The influence of age on brief motivational intervention for unhealthy alcohol use.

The influence of age on brief motivational intervention for unhealthy alcohol use.

The role of platelet rich fibrin in environmental health

Abstract Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF), is use and management reflect broader concerns in environmental health. PRF is obtained from the patient’s blood, with centrifuging at a certain speed and time. The aim of this study was to determine the centrifugation speed and time that would produce the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) present in PRF. This was a laboratory study using blood samples from seven individuals who volunteered for the study. 18 ml of blood was taken from each individual and placed into six 3 ml vacuum tubes. Next, it was centrifuged at speeds of 1500rpm, 2000rpm, 2400rpm, and 3000rpm with a centrifugation time of 8 minutes, 10 minutes, and 12 minutes. PDGF and IGF-1 examination uses the dot blot method; then, the dot blot results are quantified using images. Statistical analysis used a parametric one-way ANOVA test with a significance value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. Data processing uses the Shapiro Wilk Test. The results of this study showed that blood centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 12 minutes produced the highest amounts of PRF, PDGF, and IGF-1.

Examining the warm-up knowledge levels of amateur football players

Background and Study Aim. Warm-up exercises are critical for performance and injury prevention. This study aimed to determine the warm-up knowledge levels of amateur football players. Material and Methods. The research group in this study consists of 209 male university students from Bitlis province who play football. The “Personal Information Form” and the “Athlete Warm-Up Habit Information Form,” which determine the warm-up habits of the athletes, were used as data collection tools. The SPSS statistical program was used for data analysis. The Independent Samples T-test was used to compare two independent groups, and the One-Way ANOVA test was used for three or more groups. The Bonferroni Post Hoc test was used for multiple comparisons within groups. Results. A significant difference was found between the warm-up habit knowledge scale scores of amateur football players in terms of sports history and family income level variables (p &lt; 0.05), while no significant difference was found in the variables of weekly training frequency and receiving nutrition education (p &gt; 0.05). It was determined that the warm-up habit knowledge level scores of football players with a sports history of 11 years and above were higher than those of football players with 1–5 years and 6–10 years. It was also determined that the warm-up habit knowledge level scores of football players with high family income levels were higher than those of football players with low- and medium-income levels. Additionally, it was determined that the warm-up habit knowledge level scores of football players with a medium family income level were higher than those of football players with a low-income level. Conclusions. Amateur football players have a good level of warm-up knowledge, and the duration of participation in sports and a high family income level increase their warm-up knowledge.

Cytotoxicity of chitosan gelatin limestone-based carbonate hydroxyapatite composite scaffold after crosslinking

Background: The development of biomaterial scaffolds is used as one of the solutions for dealing with bone damage. The combination of materials in scaffolds before being applied to clinical practice therefore required several stages for testing the biocompatibility material. One of the material biocompatibility tests involves a cytotoxicity test on osteoblast 7F2 cells. Purpose: To demonstrates the percentage of viable cells for Chitosan-Gelatin:Carbonate HydroxyApatite (C G:CHA) scaffold with a ratio of 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 (w:w) after crosslinking with 0.25% glutaraldehyde on 7F2 osteoblasts. Methods: MTT assay is a cytotoxicity test used in this research. The research data are analyzed by comparative tests using Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, and One-Way Anova test, post hoc Games-Howell. Results: Statistical tests from the percentage of live cells shows that between the control cell group and the C-G:CHA 20:80 crosslink group, the cell group and the C-G:CHA 20:80 group without crosslink, the C G:CHA group 20:80 crosslink and C-G:CHA group 30:70 without crosslink, C-G:CHA group 20:80 without crosslink and C-G:CHA group 30:70 without crosslink, there are significant differences. Conclusion: Scaffold C-G:CHA with a ratio of 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 (w:w) after crosslinked with 0.25% glutaraldehyde was found not toxicity to osteoblast cells 7F2 because indirectly cytotoxicity test resulted a percentage of live cells of &gt;50%.

Bran Bar Product Development for Athletes (Organoleptic Assessment and Nutritional Content)

Background: Rice milling produces a by-product of rice bran (8-12%) with good nutritional content, which can be used as raw material for making snack bars to optimize athlete performance. Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the organoleptic assessment and nutritional content of bran bars as snack bars for athletes. Methods: The research was conducted from May to November 2024 at the D III Nutrition Study Programme Cirebon and Saraswanti Indo Global Laboratory. Organoleptic assessment using a completely randomized design and 2 repetitions by 32 students who are active in sports, on the parameters of colour, aroma, taste, texture, and overall with a rating scale of 1 (very dislike), 2 (dislike), 3 (normal), 4 (like), and 5 (very like). Nutritional content analysis included moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, iron, and energy content. The organoleptic assessment was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and Duncan's test to determine differences between treatments, while nutrient content was analyzed descriptively. Results: Organoleptic assessment showed significant differences between treatments in colour, aroma, taste, texture, and overall parameters (p-value 0.000 &lt;0.05). The best formula based on organoleptic assessment was treatment P2 (average 3.96), almost the same as the control treatment (F0) (average 3.94). However, based on nutritional content, treatment F8 had the lowest water content (15.27 g), highest ash content (4.03 g), lowest fat content (16.28 g), highest protein content (9.24g), highest iron content (8.07 g) and high dietary fiber content (8.07 g). Conclusion: The best formula based on organoleptic assessment is F2, but based on nutritional content, F8 is the best formula.

Comparative Effectiveness of Mouthwash Containing Chlorhexidine 0.12% and Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0.1% with Chlorhexidine 0.2% against Porphyromonas gingivalis

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissue of teeth and causes damage to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, generally caused by microorganisms. Chronic periodontitis is often caused by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mouthwash active ingredients that frequently used such as chlorhexidine (CHX) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) have an antibacterial effect and prevent plaque formation. Objective: This research aims to compare the effectiveness of mouthwash containing CHX 0.12% and CPC 0.1% with CPC 0.2% on the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277. Materials and Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory by giving treatment to Porphyromonas gingivalis with mouthwash CHX 0.12% and CPC 0.1%, CHX 0.2%, and distilled water as the negative control, then calculating the inhibition zone for each treatment and continued with One-Way ANOVA test. Results: The result showed the largest average of the inhibitory zone diameter was on CHX 0.2% which was 12,7 mm. Meanwhile, mouthwash containing CHX 0.12% and CPC 0.1% showed an average diameter of inhibitory zone resulted in 10,97 mm. Conclusion: In conclusion, CHX 0.2% has greater ability of inhibitory than mouthwash containing CHX 0.12% and CPC 0.1% against the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

The effect of internet addiction on surgical nurses’ malpractice tendencies: Turkish sample

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the effect of surgical nurses’ internet addiction on their malpractice tendencies.MethodsThe descriptive cross-sectional study included 1051 nurses working in the surgical awards of 10 hospitals in Istanbul. Data were collected using a descriptive characteristics form, the Internet Addiction Scale, and the Malpractice Tendency Scale. An increase in the score on the internet addiction scale indicates that internet addiction increases. In contrast, an increase in the score on the malpractice tendency scale indicates that malpractice tendency decreases. Data were analyzed using independent groups t-test, one-way ANOVA test, Pearson correlation and linear regression analyzes with IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 software.ResultsA weak negative correlation was found between the surgical nurses’ total scores on the Internet Addiction Scale and Malpractice Tendency Scale (r=-0.422 p < 0.001). Internet addiction total score was also negatively correlated with malpractice tendency subscale scores for medication and transfusion administration safety (r=-0.450 p < 0.001); infection prevention (r=-0.416 p < 0.001); patient monitoring, device, and material safety (r=-0.321 p < 0.001); fall prevention (r=-0.325 p < 0.001), and communication (r=-0.332 p ≤ 0.001). In linear regression analysis, an increase in internet addiction overall and in the lack of control subscale was associated with greater malpractice tendency (ß=-0.422 and ß=-0.243, respectively). Internet addiction explained a total of 17.7% of the total change in malpractice tendency (R2 = 0.177).ConclusionSurgical nurses showed increased malpractice tendency as their internet addiction level increased. This relationship was seen in all domains of malpractice, including medication and transfusion administration safety, infection and fall prevention, communication, and patient monitoring, device, and material safety. It is recommended that in-service training be planned for conscious internet use to limit the time nurses spend on the internet during working hours.

Pre-Arrest Diversion-To-Treatment for Adults with Substance Use Disorder: Health Outcomes and Predictors of Program Completion

Untreated addiction is often associated with criminal justice involvement. Pre-arrest diversion programs are increasingly popular, despite limited evidence. We implemented Madison Addiction Recovery Initiative (MARI), a law enforcement-led diversion-to-treatment program, for adults with eligible, drug use-related crime, and evaluated MARI’s impact on health outcomes. One-hundred-sixty participants completed clinical assessments at baseline, with 100 completing the six-month program (“Completers”) and clinical assessments, and 60 not completing the program (“Non-Completers”). One-way ANOVA and chi-square tests compared baseline characteristics between Completers and Non-Completers, with differing characteristics entered into a logistic regression model assessing the baseline predictors of program completion. At baseline, 75.0% reported opioid use, and 34.9% were involved in addiction treatment. Compared to baseline, Completers reduced depression, anxiety, and addiction severity scores, and increased their rate of treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of program completion (p < 0.05) included treatment engagement, and higher depression and lower anxiety symptom scores at baseline, fewer incarceration episodes within 12 months pre-enrollment, and shorter “lifetime” maximum sobriety duration. These findings suggest pre-arrest diversion programs can effectively connect adults who committed drug-use related crimes to addiction treatment, and improve health outcomes among engaged participants.

Analysis of Perceptions of Body Image, Body Satisfaction, and Interest in Cosmetic Surgery Based on Social Media Usage Trends

This study empirically examines the impact of social media use on body image perception, social comparison behavior, body satisfaction, and interest in cosmetic surgery among women in their 20s and 30s. An online survey was conducted with 281 female participants, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, employing frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square tests (χ² test). The results indicate that higher frequency of social media use is significantly associated with increased internalization of ideal beauty standards (p&lt;.05), leading to greater dissatisfaction with body image. Additionally, increased social media use was linked to lower body satisfaction and a higher interest in cosmetic surgery (p&lt;.05). Notably, individuals who frequently use Instagram and consume beauty-related content experienced greater social comparison pressure and dissatisfaction with their body (p&lt;.01), which further amplified their interest in cosmetic surgery. Future research should expand its scope by including diverse age groups and genders, as this study is limited to women in their 20s and 30s.

Digital game addiction, anger and aggression among university students

Background and Study Aim. The increasing prevalence of digital games and their potential impact on mental health highlight the need to identify protective mechanisms against possible negative effects. This study aims to determine how gender, daily internet use, and age influence digital game addiction, anger expression styles, and aggression levels among university students. Material and Methods. The study included 1074 university students (429 women and 645 men) from various universities in Turkey. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Digital Game Addiction Scale, the Anger Expression Styles Questionnaire, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Statistical analyses included Independent Samples t-tests, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests to examine the relationships between digital game addiction, anger, and aggression. The study followed ethical guidelines and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Selcuk University. Results. Male students demonstrated significantly higher levels of digital game addiction, aggression, and anger compared to female students (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, students with higher daily internet usage exhibited increased levels of digital game addiction, aggression, and anger (p &lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were found based on age. A positive correlation was observed between digital game addiction and anger expression styles (p &lt; 0.05), suggesting that higher digital game addiction is associated with increased anger. Conclusions. The findings suggest that male students are more susceptible to digital game addiction, aggression, and anger than female students, and that increased daily internet usage exacerbates these issues. These results underscore the need for further research and targeted interventions to mitigate the negative effects of digital game addiction on mental health, particularly among young adults. Developing educational programs and preventive strategies may help reduce the risks associated with excessive digital gaming and internet use.

Analisis Kelimpahan dan Jenis Mikroplastik pada Sedimen di Pesisir Desa Pemuteran, Bali

Plastic waste that enters the water will be degraded into micro particles (&lt;5 mm) known as microplastics. Anthropogenic activities in coastal areas are suspected to be one of the contributing factors to marine debris input. The aim of this research is to determine the abundance and types of microplastics in sediment on the coast of Pemuteran Village, Bali. The sediment sampling method used a purposive sampling method at 4 stations with different environments and taken in the intertidal zone area. Then ex situ processing was carried out by drying, density separation, Wet Peroxide Oxidation (WPO), and filtering, and identified using a stereo microscope. The abundance of samples was calculated based on type, color, size and total abundance and analyzed using one-way ANOVA test statistics. The research results showed that there were 3 types of microplastics found, namely fiber (147 particles), film (18 particles), and fragments (6 particles). The type of microplastic that dominates each station is the fiber type. Several colors of microplastics were found, namely orange, white, red, purple, brown, transparent, green and blue which were the most dominant colors. The dominant size of microplastics is in the range of 0.5-1 mm with 48 particles. The highest total average abundance of microplastics was found at station 2, namely, 35.56 ± 10.44 particles/kg. The total abundance of microplastics at each station did not show significant differences, but there were significant differences in abundance based on type, color and size.

Tamarillo Extract Cream Mitigates UVB-Induced Hyperpigmentation in Guinea Pigs

Aims: To evaluate the effect of tamarillo fruit ethanol extract cream on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tyrosinase enzyme, and melanin in the skin of male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Study Design: Randomized post-test only control group design. Place and Duration of Study: Food Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Technology; Integrated Biomedical Laboratory Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University; between September 2024 and December 2024. Methodology: We included 25 locally bred male guinea pigs, aged three to four months, weighing between 300 and 350 grams, in healthy condition. They were divided into five groups: normal control group (K0), negative control group (K-), and treatment groups administered tamarillo fruit ethanol extract cream at concentrations of 7.5% (P1), 15% (P2), and 30% (P3). K-, P1, P2, and P3 groups were exposed to UVB radiation at a total dose of 390 mJ/cm2 for two weeks. The levels of MDA and the tyrosinase enzyme were measured using the ELISA method, while melanin levels were measured by the Fontana-Masson staining method. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by a post-hoc test. Results: The levels of MDA, tyrosinase enzyme, and melanin in K0, P1, P2, and P3 groups were significantly lower compared to group K-. Tyrosinase levels in the 30% treatment group were not significantly different from the 15% group but were lower than the 7.5% group. All three concentrations of tamarillo extract cream (7.5%, 15%, 30%) had the same effectiveness in reducing melanin levels in UVB-exposed guinea pigs. Conclusion: Tamarillo fruit ethanol extract cream effectively reduced MDA, tyrosinase, and melanin levels in guinea pigs exposed to UVB radiation. The 15% concentration showed potential in preventing hyperpigmentation and could serve as a natural sunscreen. Further research is required to confirm this finding in human use.

Relationship between Turning difficulty and Fall risk among Geriatric Population: A Pilot Study

Falls are the second leading cause of accidental or unintentional injury deaths worldwide and a great number of fatal falls are from the elderly population. Turning activity is a major contributor to fall in elderly. Most geriatrics suffering from turning difficulty complain of fall incidences. Fall from turning usually result in fracture of femur and the result was eight times more than fall during straight forward walking. Devastating consequence of fall such as long standings pain, functional impairment, disability, and death highlight the need for targeted fall assessment and management. To investigate the relationship between turning difficulty and fall risk among geriatric population using standardised physiotherapy outcome measures. A cross-sectional study design with simple random sampling method was adopted. A total of 138 participants were recruited within Klang Valley. Prior assessment, they were screened using a standardised health status questionnaire. They were assessed with Time Up and Go Test (TUG) for turning difficulty and Modified Fall Efficacy Scale (MFES) for fall risk. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and One-way ANOVA Test were used for data analysis. 80% of the participants completed TUG within 14 seconds. The mean score of MFES was 8.03. Age, coexist medical conditions, medications used, frequency of fall, reason for fall and use of assistive device were significantly associated with MFES. Age, coexist medical conditions, medications used, and use of assistive device were significantly correlated with TUG. Independent t-test showed TUG was significantly associated with MFES. Turning difficulty and fall risk are correlated among the geriatrics. Hence, preventive measures need to be taken to reduce the fall risk.

Accuracy of complete arch implant scans recorded by using intraoral and extraoral photogrammetry systems.

Accuracy of complete arch implant scans recorded by using intraoral and extraoral photogrammetry systems.