One-step Sol-gel Method Research Articles

Preparation of zirconium hydrogen phosphate coatings on alkali thermal titanium via a one-step sol–gel method to improve the friction resistance, bioactivity, and osteogenic potential

Titanium implants are widely used in dental restorations for patients suffering from dentition defects. However, the biologically inert of Ti, poor osteoinduction properties and the release of Ti particles due to friction between the bone and the implants can inhibit osseointegration and adversely affect the success rate of implantation. In this study, a zirconium phosphate (ZrP) coating was constructed on the surface of alkali thermal titanium (AT-Ti) via a one-step sol–gel approach. Subsequently, the friction resistance, bioactivity, and osteogenesis properties of the prepared coating were studied. The surface characterization results confirmed that AT-Ti was successfully coated with amorphous ZrP, and ZrP modification was found to effectively reduce the friction rate. In addition, the surface morphology after friction test was smoother. In terms of the bioactivity, the presence of a phosphate group in the ZrP coating led to the effective enrichment of Ca2+ to promote the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp). It was also discovered that ZrP exhibited an excellent performance in cell viability and mineralization experiments, in addition to up-regulating the expression of osteogenesis related genes. Overall, ZrP modification of AT-Ti leads to an excellent friction resistance, bioactivity, and osteoinductive properties, thereby indicating its broad application prospects in implant therapy.

Molecular Crystal Structure Simulations and Structure-Magnetic Properties of LiFePO4 Composite Particles Optimized by La.

In this study LiFePO4/C composite particles were synthesized using five different carbon sources via a one-step sol-gel method. La-doped LiFePO4 was also synthesized using the sol-gel method. The XRD pattern of LixLayFePO4 (x = 0.9~1.0, y = 0~0.1) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h indicates that as the doping ratio increased, the sample's cell volume first increased then decreased, reaching a maximum value of 293.36 Å3 (x = 0.94, y = 0.06). The XRD patterns of Li0.92La0.08FePO4 after being calcined at different temperatures for 10 h indicate that with increasing calcination temperature, the (311) diffraction peak drifted toward a smaller diffraction angle. Similarly, the XRD patterns of Li0.92La0.08FePO4 after being calcined at 700 °C for different durations indicate that with increasing calcination times, the (311) diffraction peak drifted toward a larger diffraction angle. The infrared spectrum pattern of LixLayFePO4 (x = 0.9~1.0, y = 0~0.1) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h shows absorption peaks corresponding to the vibrations of the Li-O bond and PO43- group. An SEM analysis of LixLayFePO4 (x = 1, y = 0; x = 0.96, y = 0.04; x = 0.92, y = 0.08) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h indicates that the particles were irregular in shape and of uniform size. The hysteresis loops of Li0.92La0.08FePO4 after being calcined at 600 °C, 700 °C, or 800 °C for 10 h indicate that with increasing calcination temperature, the Ms gradually increased, while the Mr and Hc decreased, with minimum values of 0.08 emu/g and 58.21 Oe, respectively. The Mössbauer spectra of LixLayFePO4 (x = 1, y = 0; x = 0.96, y = 0.04; x = 0.92, y = 0.08) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h indicate that all samples contained Doublet(1) and Doublet(2) peaks, dominated by Fe2+ compounds. The proportions of Fe2+ were 85.5% (x = 1, y = 0), 89.9% (x = 0.96, y = 0.04), and 96.0% (x = 0.92, y = 0.08). The maximum IS and QS of Doublet(1) for the three samples were 1.224 mm/s and 2.956 mm/s, respectively.

Endowing Three-Dimensional Porous Wood with Hydrophobicity/Superhydrophobicity Based on Binary Silanization.

Wood, as a natural biomass material, has long been a research focus. Superhydrophobic modified wood, in particular, has shown great promise in a myriad of engineering applications such as architecture, landscape, and shipbuilding. However, commercial development has encountered significant resistance due to preparation difficulties and sometimes unsatisfactory performance. In this study, hydrophobic/superhydrophobic wood comodified with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (PFDTMS) was fabricated by a one-step sol-gel method that uses an in situ growth process. Low-molecular-weight MTMS was allowed to permeate the three-dimensional porous wood interior. Then, acid-base catalysts were used to regulate the hydrolytic condensation process of MTMS and PFDTMS composite silanes to generate micro/nano hierarchical structures with low surface energy on the wood surface. The physicochemical characteristics of modified wood were investigated and the reaction mechanism established. The modified wood displayed excellent internal hydrophobicity/surface superhydrophobicity, water-moisture resistance, and dimensional stability at low fluorine concentrations. The resulting superhydrophobic surface provided stain resistance, self-cleaning ability, and loading capacity in water while exhibiting good mechanochemical stability; wood mechanical strength was also enhanced. This methodology created a superhydrophobic surface and bulk hydrophobization of wood in one step. Beyond wood, this approach is expected to provide a promising approach for functional modification of other porous composite materials.

The influence of nanoparticle size, concentration, and functionalization on drilling fluid filtration properties

This research investigates the effect of the surface properties of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles on the filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid. The nanoparticles were synthesized in-house using a one-step sol-gel method and functionalized into different charges. Different sizes, concentrations, and functionalization of water-based drilling fluid were subjected to standard API and HPHT filtration tests. Regression analysis and ANOVA were carried out to develop a model for future prediction and classify each independent variable's significance. The result shows that the positively charged nanoparticles had better filtration properties, as evidenced by the lower filtrate volume. Functionalization levels had minimal impact on filtration properties, and the effect of concentration was insignificant above 0.4 v/v%. In terms of nanoparticle size, 120 nm showed a more consistent result despite varying concentration and functionalization. In contrast, smaller nanoparticle sizes are more susceptible to changes in concentration and functionalization but could produce the least filtrate volume with the appropriate combination of concentration and functionalization. Filtrate analysis shows that about 25–28 % of the drilling fluid nanoparticles can infiltrate the porous media. Furthermore, this study challenges existing models on the improvement of the filtration properties by using nanoparticles. While previous hypothesis relied on physical bridging mechanism, new evidence from this research suggests that the enhancement is primarily based on the surface properties of the nanoparticles. Specifically, the nanoparticles envelop the barite through monolayer adsorption, reducing the angularity and increasing the reaction sites with water molecules. This inhibits the mobility of the water molecules across the filter cakes, providing a novel understanding of the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle-enhanced filtration properties of drilling fluids. In summary, the filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid with nanoparticles are significantly influenced by the surface properties of the nanoparticles, with positively charged nanoparticles demonstrating superior performance in stable conditions.

Sol-Gel technique, characterization and photocatalytic degradation activity of Manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles

Photocatalysis using semiconductor metal oxide stands out as a highly effective and efficient method for eliminating organic pollutants from wastewater. This study aims to assess the photocatalytic capabilities of Mn doped ZnO nanocomposites in degrading methylene blue (MB) dye under ultra-violet light exposure. This study details the synthesis of ZnO photocatalysts through a straightforward one-step sol-gel method, incorporating varying levels of Mn-doping (0%, 2% & 4%). The structural and optical attributes were examined using techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. X-ray diffraction analyses verified the presence of a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure in all synthesized samples, exhibiting a high degree of crystallinity. In addition, an investigation into the impact of Mn impurities on the photocatalytic performance of ZnO catalysts was conducted in the context of methylene blue (MB) degradation. The experimental findings revealed that the Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles produced exhibited significantly superior photocatalytic performance compared to pure ZnO when used in breaking down methylene blue under UV-light exposure. This study proposes that these Mn doped ZnO could serve as a highly effective photocatalyst for treating water contaminated with certain chemically persistent synthetic organic dyes. The improved photocatalytic capabilities of ZnO nanostructures doped with Mn were ascribed to the synergistic impact of increased surface area in ZnO nanosphere and enhanced efficiency in charge separation resulting from optimized Mn doping. A potential explanation for the heightened photocatalytic performance of Mn-doped ZnO nanostructures is proposed tentatively.

The influence of zinc oxide-silicate composites on the aging resistance of asphalt

Asphalt binder is susceptible to aging from heat, air and sunlight exposure during service, leading to pavement distresses. This study aimed to improve the aging resistance of asphalt using zinc oxide-silicate (ZOS) composites. ZOS containing 2–8 wt% ZnO were synthesized via a one-step sol-gel method and incorporated into an unmodified 70/100 penetration grade asphalt binder. The rheological properties and aging characteristics were evaluated before and after rolling thin film oven and pressure aging vessel protocols. Dynamic shear rheometry showed increased complex modulus and decreased phase angle for ZOS-modified binders, indicating improved rutting resistance. Aging indices revealed the 6% ZOS composite had the least susceptibility to oxidative aging. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of carbonyl and sulfoxide functional groups during aging, which were mitigated by ZOS addition. Scanning electron microscopy visualized nano-scaled ZnO particles dispersed within the silica matrix and asphalt binder. The ZOS composites delayed the aging rate through physicochemical interactions between ZnO and the asphalt medium. An optimum ZOS dosage of 4–6% was found to enhance the anti-aging properties. The renewable silica-supported ZnO composites show potential as cost-effective modifiers for improving asphalt durability.

Highly sintering-resistant iron oxide with a hetero-oxide shell for chemical looping water splitting

Chemical looping water splitting is a promising technology that couples carbonaceous fuel oxidation to produce H2 with inherent CO2 separation. Redox catalyst with long-term performance is the key issue but is hampered in traditional Fe2O3-based approaches due to Fe sintering. This study reports a one-step sol-gel synthetic method to construct Fe2O3@Hetero-oxide redox catalysts with core-shell structure, leading to outstanding anti-sintering property in TGA analysis (>250 cycles, 5000 min). Fixed-bed reactor tests showed that hydrogen yield approached theoretical value (16.7 mmol/g-Fe2O3), with ∼100 % H2 purity. This result is significantly better than dispersing a mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC) in Fe2O3 matrix using high energy ball milling. Although the latter can enhance the durability due to facilitated O2− and electron transportation, Fe sintering and redox catalysts deactivation is inevitable. This study offers a generalized structure design and synthetic approach for anti-sintering redox catalysts within chemical looping concepts.

Interfacial effect on the microwave absorption properties in Y3Fe5O12/Fe2O3

In this work, the interfacial effect on the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing performance in Y3Fe5O12 and Fe2O3 material system synthesized by one-step sol–gel method followed by various sintering temperature was studied. The synthesized samples were first characterized by performing x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. A linear dependence of the saturation magnetization with the YIG content in the samples was observed that the saturation magnetization increases from 4.18 to 20.2 emu/g when the YIG crystal content is increased from 43 % to 88 %. Then, the EMW absorbing performance were studied by measuring dielectric parameters of the samples in the X-band. The experimental results indicate that the higher sintering temperature reduce the intensity of Fe2O3 peaks and enhance the formation of YIG chemical structure. Due to the both Fe2O3 and YIG crystal phases, the Fe2O3/Y3Fe5O12 interface enhances the EMW polarization and thus EMW absorbing performance. The minimum reflection loss was determined as −15.4 dB at 9.5 GHz frequency in YF1000 sample. The experimental results demonstrate that the sintering temperature has the prominent effect on the structural, magnetic and EMW absorbing properties of YIG. The results would be useful for the YIG-based microwave device applications.

Facile synthesis of micron-sized thiol-functional polysilsesquioxane microspheres through a one-step sol-gel method

Facile synthesis of micron-sized thiol-functional polysilsesquioxane microspheres through a one-step sol-gel method

Rare earth-doped Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts prepared via a one-step sol–gel method for steam reforming of volatile organic solvents at low temperatures

To develop efficient steam reforming catalysts that are widely applicable to various volatile organic solvents under low temperatures, rare earth (La, Ce or Pr)-doped Ni/MgAl2O4 were prepared via a novel one-step sol–gel method. Through various characterizations and DFT calculations, it demonstrated that the rare earths not only improved the catalyst structure, but also promoted the dispersion, electron density and d-band center of Ni. Consequently, all the rare earth-doped Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts exhibited higher catalytic activity in steam reforming of different volatile organic solvents than the Ni/MgAl2O4 in 500–550 °C. Thereinto, the 10Ni-2La/MgAl2O4 performed the best, achieving a conversion efficiency of 97.3% at 550 °C for the mixture of toluene, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and n-hexane. The outstanding performance of Ni-La/MgAl2O4 catalyst arises from the structural compatibility between low-spin La atom and Ni cluster, which enables La to modify Ni dispersion and electronic structure more significantly than Ce or Pr.

Thermochemical heat storage through CaO-Mayenite/CaCO3 system: Thermal performances comparison for two synthesis methods

ThermoChemical Storage systems (TCS) are gaining attention for long term-thermal energy storage applications. Those systems can successfully increase the electricity generation flexibility in CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) plants or optimize the heat recovery and storage in energy-intensive industries (EII) as well. CaO/CaCO3 based systems are currently broadly investigated for thermochemical storage, either natural or synthetic materials. Among these, CaO/Mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) sorbents are considered very promising. CaO/Mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) based material was developed according to two different synthesis methods. The first one consisted in a one-step sol-gel method where aluminium precursor and pure CaO are weighted to obtain the exact weight ratio of 75/25 (CaO/Ca12Al14O33). In the second one, a two-step method was adopted: pure Mayenite was preliminarily synthetized by one step sol-gel method and CaO/Mayenite was obtained by direct wet mixing with pure CaO. Samples obtained were characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, nitrogen physisorption, Raman spectroscopy and thermal stability was tested over 40 charging/discharging cycles in TGA. Raman spectra revealed free oxygen O2− presence in the structure of Mayenite and in CaO-Mayenite samples as well, lying at 1128 cm-1. Thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity and volumetric energy density storage have been determined. The thermal conductivity found were 0.377 ± 0.004 (W/mK) for A; 0.101 ± 0.006 (W/mK) for B and for Mayenite 1.16 ± 2.7 10−4 (W/mK). It was found that two step method led to a better performing material in terms of carbonation reaction reactivity, and hence thermal storage. This material showed 50 % carbonation reaction conversion value at 40th cycle, corresponding to 0.250 g CO2/g dry sample, which is 4 times higher than CaO conversion. At 40th cycle, moderate sintering effect is remarked, with 2.3 % conversion drop, indicating that Mayenite insertion effectively acts as spacer. Volumetric storage energy density Sd has been determined for both samples and compared to CaO at increasing cycle number. Sample B storage density was effectively even at 40th cycle with 0.69 GJ/m3, thus about 3.5 times higher than CaO.

Siloxane-type single-ion conductors enable composite solid polymer electrolyte membranes with fast Li+ transporting networks for dendrite-proof lithium-metal batteries

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) significantly improve the operational safety of lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) by replacing the flammable liquid electrolytes, but still suffer from key limitations including low ionic conductivities, inferior lithium-ion transference numbers (tLi+), and poor mechanical properties. Herein, a novel poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based composite electrolyte, with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network, is fabricated via in-situ cross-linking siloxane-type single-ion conductors (SICs) in PEO SPEs by one-step sol–gel method, enabling they simultaneously achieve the enhanced electrochemical and physicochemical properties. Incorporating a thermodynamically compatible SIC network not only reduces the crystallization of PEO matrix while facilitating the segmental relaxation of polymer chains, but also contributes to dissociating Li-salt and forming a three-dimensional conducting network for fast Li-ion transport. Thus, the resulting composite SPEs exhibit higher ionic conductivities (1.10 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 25 °C and 1.41 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C), tLi+ (0.52), and electrochemical window stability (4. 59 V) than pure PEO SPEs. Furthermore, this stable SIC networks can also enhance the mechanical performance and thermal stability of the composite SPEs. Thanks to these merits, the composite SPEs show the significant feasibility to regulate Li deposition and suppress the growth of Li dendrites, affording excellent stability and compatibility with Li metal. As a result, the Li/Li symmetrical cells using the composite SPEs show excellent cycling performances without an evident polarization enlargement for more than 900 h. The LiFePO4/Li batteries also achieve a remarkable capacity of 132.8 mA g−1 at 1C and exhibit impressive cycling abilities with 91.9% retention over 250 cycles. This study provides a promising concept for developing advanced composite SPEs for potential application in solid-state dendrite-free LMBs.

Synthesis of superhydrophobic coatings based on silica nanostructure modified with organosilane compounds by sol–gel method for glass surfaces

In the present study, the superhydrophobic coating was synthesized by spherical silica nanostructures modified with organosilane compounds for glass surfaces. To optimize the conditions in terms of cost-effectiveness and create a super-hydrophobic coating with a high contact angle, the response surface method of the central composite design (CCD) model was performed for the StÖber method, and the contact angle was defined as the response surface for the model. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was used as a precursor and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was used to modify the surface of a spherical silica nanostructure synthesized by a one-step sol–gel method using a base catalyst. The accuracy of the research was checked by the contact angle measurement test and an angle of 162° was obtained. XRD, FT-IR, EDS, SEM, DLS, and AFM analyzes were performed to investigate the synthesis of silica nanostructure. Chemical resistance was performed in acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments and the contact angles were 127°, 134°, and 90°, respectively, which indicates that the coating created on the surface glass has good chemical resistance in acidic and neutral environments.

Efficient separation of aristolochic acid I from Caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis (Guan-mu-tong) with copper mediated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer.

Screening bioactive compounds from natural products is one of the most effective ways for new drug research and development. However, obtaining a single extract component on a large scale and with high purity from a complex matrix is still an arduous and challenging task. Herein, one metal mediated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (mMIP) was rationally designed and prepared for specifically capturing Aristolochic acid I (AAI). The preparation was done with copper(II) as binding pivot, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane as functional monomer, and Fe3O4 as core, by a one-step sol-gel method. Under the optimized conditions, the apparent maximum binding amount of copper mediated mMIP (Cu-mMIP) reaches as high as 349.72 mg g-1, the highest among the reported AAI-MIPs. Moreover, the nanoparticles exhibit excellent specificity and selectivity, good reproducibility and stability, high superparamagnetism (60.32 emu g-1), and high imprinting efficiency (an imprinting factor of 7). By simulating an industrial-scale separation, 16.56 mg AAI (purity of 95.11%) is obtained after six cycles with 100 mg nanoparticles from 20 g Caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis (Guan-mu-tong). Notably, this takes only 3 hours and consumes 50 mL of methanol. The study provides a potent tool for the green, fast, and specific extraction of high-purity ingredients from natural plants in the manufacturing industry and conventional analysis in the lab.

Salicylic acid doped silica nanoparticles as a fluorescent nanosensor for the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution.

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid nanosensor (SASP) was prepared by a one-step sol-gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, etc. The nanosensor showed almost 3-fold fluorescence emission quenching upon excitation with a 293 nm wavelength in the presence of 20 μM Fe3+ ions. The presence of 18 other metal ions had no observable effect on the sensitivity and selectivity of the nanosensor. A fluorescence analysis method based on the SASP for the selective detection of Fe3+ was established under optimal conditions. The results showed that there was a linear relationship between the log luminescence value and the concentration of Fe3+ over the range of 2.0 × 10-7-9.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 with a detection limit (3σ) of 2.5 × 10-8 mol L-1. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of trace Fe3+ in fetal bovine serum without the interference of other molecules and ions. Good recovery (96.5-104.5%) and a relative standard deviation of less than 8.6% were obtained from serum samples spiked with four levels of Fe3+. Additionally, the nanosensor showed a good reversibility; the fluorescence could be switched "off" and "on" in two ways, by adjusting the pH of the solution and adding metal chelating agent EDTA.

Optical, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of NiTiO3–CoFe2O4 composites prepared by one-step sol–gel method

Optical, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of NiTiO3–CoFe2O4 composites prepared by one-step sol–gel method

A dual engine-triggered DNA walker based on luminous perylene-TiO2 nanospheres for efficient electrochemiluminescence bioassay

Despite the intrinsic programmability and flexible biological functions of DNA walkers, it remains challenging for traditional DNA walkers to precisely control mechanical running paths in nanoscale spaces. In this work, an elegant dual engine-triggered DNA walker was elaborated based on precise orientation protocol, applying the DNA cube as the scaffold for anchoring the dual swing arms as engines and tracks as signal switches. The order arrangement and dual engines enhanced the operating efficiency and controllability of the DNA walker markedly. Moreover, the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) molecule perylene doped-titanium dioxide (Pe-TiO2) organic–inorganic nanospheres with low cost and high reproducibility were synthesized as the ECL emitters by one-step sol–gel method. It was worth noting that TiO2 gel not only restricted the stacking mode of Pe molecules in vibration and rotation, but also enhanced the interfacial charge transfer ability in organic–inorganic hybrid mode, resulting in the improvement of ECL efficiency and structural stability. Based on the luminous Pe-TiO2 nanospheres, a ternary ECL system was proposed with S2O82− as coreactant, and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as coreaction accelerator. Ultimately, by combing the dual engine-triggered DNA walker with the ternary ECL system, an efficient ECL bioassay platform was developed for microRNA let 7a (let-7a) detection with a wide linear range from 10 fmol/L to 100 nmol/L and a low detection limit of 7.0 fmol/L. Hence, this work offered a universal strategy to predesign walking paths and improve loading capacity in virtue of DNA nanostructures, as well as to expand the biology research of planar organic luminophores in an organic–inorganic hybrid manner.

A porous V/SiO2 sphere composite for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in aqueous phase through peroxymonosulfate activation

A porous V/SiO2 sphere composite (VOX@SiO2) was synthesized using one-step sol-gel method. Benefiting from the redox properties of vanadium and the hydrophilic property, VOX@SiO2 showed good catalytic performances for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH) to benzaldehyde (BzH) in aqueous phase through peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, and performed far better in water than in various organic solvents. The redox cycle of VV/VIV was supposed to be responsible for PMS decomposition in the VOX@SiO2/PMS system. The SO4∙-, 1O2 and mediated electron transfer were revealed to play a major role in the selective oxidation of BzOH to BzH. The intrinsic kinetics was analyzed to calculate the chemical reaction rate (ra) and reaction order (n = 0.33) with respect to BzOH. This study provided some insights into the development of vanadium-based heterogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of BzOH to BzH through PMS activation.

Adsorption of CO2 by amine-modified novel nanomaterials

The greenhouse effect has a serious impact on our living environment. The development of novel amine-modified porous organic polymer materials is of great significance to achieve the capture of greenhouse gas CO2. In this study, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as template, resorcinol formaldehyde resin adhesive was synthesized by polycondensation reaction between 1,3 resorcinol and formaldehyde, and ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as inorganic precursor (prepared by reaction of silicon tetrachloride and ethanol). Choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, plant growth regulators, herbicides, strong base anionic and cationic resins, dye levelling agents, and a range of basic colours all are manufactured from trimethylamine. Trimethylamine is recognized by gas sensors used it to check for seafood freshness. One-step sol-gel method was used. A novel nanoporous carbon silicon material (NNCMR) was synthesized. Using the composite porous material as a carrier, the isomers triethylene tetraamine (TETA) and tri (2-aminoethyl) amine (TAEA) as modifiers, respectively. New amine-modified porous carbon-silicon materials (NNCMR-TETA-X and NNCMR-TAEA-X) were prepared by impregnation method. Triethylenetatramine (TETA) is an orphaned medication that treats copper excess in tissues. It is a selective divalent Cu(II) chelator. Trientine, a salt form of D-penicillamine, was released in 1969 as a substitute for D-penicillamine. The results show that this kind of material has rich microporous structure and ordered mesoporous structure, and realizes the framework fusion of carbon and silicon oxide, and uniformly loads the amine material. NNCMR-TETA-50 showed the best adsorption performance among the new nanoporous carbon and silicon materials, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.21 mmol/g. The composite porous materials with different amine structures as modifiers have different effects on CO2 capture performance. In the presence of water vapor, NNCMR-TAEA-50 showed the best adsorption performance, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.96 mmol/g, since the tertiary amine group could not effectively capture CO2 in the absence of water vapor, but could work well in the presence of water vapor. This can help us design suitable adsorbent materials for CO2 capture in different practical applications. At the same time, the new nanoporous carbon silicon material has good thermal stability and recycling.

Preparation and characterization of Pullulan-based nanocomposite scaffold incorporating Ag-Silica Janus particles for bone tissue engineering.

A nanocomposite bone scaffold was fabricated from pullulan, a natural extracellular polysaccharide. Pullulan (PULL) was blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and a nano-platform with ball-stick morphology, Ag-Silica Janus particles (Ag-Silica JPs), which were utilized to fabricate nanocomposite scaffold with enhanced mechanical and biological properties. The Ag-Silica JPs were synthesized via a one-step sol-gel method and used to obtain synergistic properties of silver and silica's antibacterial and bioactive effects, respectively. The synthesized Ag-Silica JPs were characterized by means of FE-SEM, DLS, and EDS. The PULL/PVP scaffolds containing Ag-Silica JPs, fabricated by the freeze-drying method, were evaluated by SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, ICP and biological analysis, including antibacterial activity, bioactivity, cell viability and cell culture tests. It was noted that increasing Ag-Silica JPs amounts to an optimum level (1% w/w) led to an improvement in compressive modulus and strength of nanocomposite scaffold, reaching 1.03±0.48MPa and 3.27±0.18, respectively. Scaffolds incorporating Ag-Silica JPs also showed favorable antibacterial activity. The investigations through apatite forming ability of scaffolds in SBF indicated spherical apatite precipitates. Furthermore, the cell viability test proved the outstanding biocompatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds (more than 90%) confirmed by cell culture tests showing that increment of Ag-Silica JPs amounts led to better adhesion, proliferation, ALP activity and mineralization of MG-63 cells.