One-dimensional Ising Model Research Articles

Field dependence of the magnetic correlations of the frustrated magnetSrDy2O4

The frustrated magnet SrDy$_2$O$_4$ exhibits a field-induced phase with a magnetization plateau at $1/3$ of the saturation value for magnetic fields applied along the $b$-axis. We report here a neutron scattering study of the nature and symmetry of the magnetic order in this field-induced phase. Below $T\approx 0.5$ K, there are strong hysteretic effects, and the order is short or long ranged for zero-field and field cooling, respectively. We find that the long-range ordered magnetic structure within the zig-zag chains is identical to that expected for the one-dimensional axial next-nearest neighbour Ising (ANNNI) model in longitudinal field. The long-range ordered structure in field contrasts with the short-range order found at zero field, and is probably reached through enhanced quantum fluctuations with increasing fields.

Level crossings induced by a longitudinal coupling in the transverse field Ising chain

We study the effect of antiferromagnetic longitudinal coupling on the one-dimensional transverse field Ising model with nearest-neighbour couplings. In the topological phase where, in the thermodynamic limit, the ground state is twofold degenerate, we show that, for a finite system of N sites, the longitudinal coupling induces N level crossings between the two lowest lying states as a function of the field. We also provide strong arguments suggesting that these N level crossings all appear simultaneously as soon as the longitudinal coupling is switched on. This conclusion is based on perturbation theory, and a mapping of the problem onto the open Kitaev chain, for which we write down the complete solution in terms of Majorana fermions.

Critical behavior of hard squares in strong confinement.

We examine the phase behavior of a quasi-one-dimensional system of hard squares with side-length σ, where the particles are confined between two parallel walls and only nearest-neighbor interactions occur. As in our previous work [Gurin, Varga, and Odriozola, Phys. Rev. E 94, 050603 (2016)]2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.94.050603, the transfer operator method is used, but here we impose a restricted orientation and position approximation to yield an analytic description of the physical properties. This allows us to study the parallel fluid-like to zigzag solid-like structural transition, where the compressibility and heat capacity peaks sharpen and get higher as H→H_{c}=2sqrt[2]-1≈1.8284 and p→p_{c}=∞. Here H is the width of the channel measured in σ units and p is the pressure. We have found that this structural change becomes critical at the (p_{c},H_{c}) point. The obtained critical exponents belong to the universality class of the one-dimensional Ising model. We believe this behavior holds for the unrestricted orientational and positional case.

Glaubers Ising chain between two thermostats

We consider a one-dimensional Ising model with N spins, each in contact with two thermostats of distinct temperatures, T1 and T2. Under Glauber dynamics the stationary state happens to coincide with the equilibrium state at an effective intermediate temperature . The system nevertheless carries a nontrivial energy current between the thermostats. By means of the fermionization technique, for a chain initially in equilibrium at an arbitrary temperature T0 we calculate the Fourier transform of the probability for the time-integrated energy current during a finite time interval τ. In the long time limit we determine the corresponding generating function for the cumulants per site and unit of time, , and explicitly give those with n = 1, 2, 3, 4. We exhibit various phenomena in specific regimes: kinetic mean-field effects when one thermostat flips any spin less often than the other one, as well as dissipation towards a thermostat at zero temperature. Moreover, when the system size N goes to infinity while the effective temperature T vanishes, the cumulants of per unit of time grow linearly with N and are equal to those of a random walk process. In two adequate scaling regimes involving T and N we exhibit the dependence of the first correction upon the ratio of the spin–spin correlation length and the size N.

Phase Separation for the Long Range One-dimensional Ising Model

We consider the phase separation problem for the one--dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model with long--range two--body interaction, $J(n)=n^{-2+\a}$ where $n\in \N$ denotes the distance of the two spins and $ \alpha \in ]0,\a_+[$ with $\a_+=(\log 3)/(\log 2) -1$. We prove that given $m\in ]-1,+1[$, if the temperature is small enough, then typical configuration for the $\mu^{+}$ Gibbs measure conditionally to have a empirical magnetization of the order $m$ are made of a single interval that occupy almost a proportion $\frac{1}{2}(1-\frac{m}{m_\b})$ of the volume with the minus phase inside and the rest of the volume is the plus phase, here $m_\b>0 $ is the spontaneous magnetization.

Prethermalization and persistent order in the absence of a thermal phase transition

We numerically study the dynamics after a parameter quench in the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model with long-range interactions ($\propto 1/r^\alpha$ with distance $r$), for finite chains and also directly in the thermodynamic limit. In nonequilibrium, i.e., before the system settles into a thermal state, we find a long-lived regime that is characterized by a prethermal value of the magnetization, which in general differs from its thermal value. We find that the ferromagnetic phase is stabilized dynamically: as a function of the quench parameter, the prethermal magnetization shows a transition between a symmetry-broken and a symmetric phase, even for those values of $\alpha$ for which no finite-temperature transition occurs in equilibrium. The dynamical critical point is shifted with respect to the equilibrium one, and the shift is found to depend on $\alpha$ as well as on the quench parameters.

Long-range transverse Ising model built with dipolar condensates in two-well arrays

Dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates in an array of double-well potentials realize an effective transverse Ising model with peculiar inter-layer interactions, that may result under proper conditions in an anomalous first-order ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition, and non-trivial phases due to frustration. The considered setup allows as well for the study of Kibble–Zurek defect formation, whose kink statistics follows that expected from the universality class of the mean-field one-dimensional transverse Ising model. Furthermore, random occupation of each layer of the stack leads to random effective Ising interactions and local transverse fields, that may lead to the Anderson-like localization of imbalance perturbations.

Relaxational processes in the one-dimensional Ising model with long-range interactions.

Relaxational processes in ordered phases of one-dimensional Ising models with long-range interactions are investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. Three types of spin model, the pure ferromagnetic, the diluted ferromagnetic, and the spin glass models, are examined. The effective dimension of the one-dimensional systems are controlled by a parameter σ, which tunes the rate of interaction decay. Systematical investigations of droplet dynamics, from the lower to the upper critical dimension, are conducted by changing the value of σ. Comparing numerical data with the droplet theory, it is found that the surface dimension of droplets is distributed around the effective dimension. The distribution in the surface dimension makes the droplet dynamics complex and extremely enhances dynamical crossover.

Group theory, entropy and the third law of thermodynamics

Curado et al. (2016) have recently studied the axiomatic structure and the universality of a three-parameter trace-form entropy inspired by the group-theoretical structure. In this work, we study the group-theoretical entropy Sa,b,r in the context of the third law of thermodynamics where the parameters {a,b,r} are all independent. We show that this three-parameter entropy expression can simultaneously satisfy the third law of thermodynamics and the three Khinchin axioms, namely continuity, concavity and expansibility only when the parameter b is set to zero. In other words, it is thermodynamically valid only as a two-parameter generalization Sa,r. Moreover, the restriction set by the third law i.e., the condition b=0, is important in the sense that the so obtained two-parameter group-theoretical entropy becomes extensive only when this condition is met. We also illustrate the interval of validity of the third law using the one-dimensional Ising model with no external field. Finally, we show that the Sa,r is in the same universality class as that of the Kaniadakis entropy for 0<r<1 while it has a distinct universality class in the interval −1<r<0.

Lifting—A nonreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm

Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are invaluable tools for exploring stationary properties of physical systems, especially in situations where direct sampling is unfeasible. Common implementations of Monte Carlo algorithms employ reversible Markov chains. Reversible chains obey detailed balance and thus ensure that the system will eventually relax to equilibrium, though detailed balance is not necessary for convergence to equilibrium. We review nonreversible Markov chains, which violate detailed balance and yet still relax to a given target stationary distribution. In particular cases, nonreversible Markov chains are substantially better at sampling than the conventional reversible Markov chains with up to a square root improvement in the convergence time to the steady state. One kind of nonreversible Markov chain is constructed from the reversible ones by enlarging the state space and by modifying and adding extra transition rates to create non-reversible moves. Because of the augmentation of the state space, such chains are often referred to as lifted Markov Chains. We illustrate the use of lifted Markov chains for efficient sampling on several examples. The examples include sampling on a ring, sampling on a torus, the Ising model on a complete graph, and the one-dimensional Ising model. We also provide a pseudocode implementation, review related work, and discuss the applicability of such methods.

Metastability in an open quantum Ising model.

We apply a recently developed theory for metastability in open quantum systems to a one-dimensional dissipative quantum Ising model. Earlier results suggest this model features either a nonequilibrium phase transition or a smooth but sharp crossover, where the stationary state changes from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic, accompanied by strongly intermittent emission dynamics characteristic of first-order coexistence between dynamical phases. We show that for a range of parameters close to this transition or crossover point the dynamics of the finite system displays pronounced metastability, i.e., the system relaxes first to long-lived metastable states before eventual relaxation to the true stationary state. From the spectral properties of the quantum master operator we characterize the low-dimensional manifold of metastable states, which are shown to be probability mixtures of two, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic, metastable phases. We also show that for long times the dynamics can be approximated by a classical stochastic dynamics between the metastable phases that is directly related to the intermittent dynamics observed in quantum trajectories and thus the dynamical phases.

Chern number in Ising models with spatially modulated real and complex fields

We study an one-dimensional transverse field Ising model with additional periodically modulated real and complex fields. It is shown that both models can be mapped on a pseudo spin system in the k space in the aid of an extended Bogoliubov transformation. This allows us to introduce the geometric quantity, the Chern number, to identify the nature of quantum phases. Based on the exact solution, we find that the spatially modulated real and complex fields rearrange the phase boundaries from that of the ordinary Ising model, which can be characterized by the Chern numbers defined in the context of Dirac and biorthonormal inner products, respectively.

Critical behavior of low dimensional magnetic systems

In this study, critical behavior of low dimensional magnetic systems as cyano-bridged Tb(III)-Cr(III) bimetallic assembly was investigated with the mixed spin 3- spin 3/2 Ising model. The mixed spin Ising model is simulated with Cellular Automaton cooling and heating algorithms on one-dimensional lattices in periodic boundary conditions. The Ising model Hamiltonian includes only antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interaction (J>0). The mixed spin system behaves like the isolated one-dimensional chain for zero magnetic field (h=H/J=0). In the presence of the magnetic field, the magnetization is calculated using zero-field cooling (ZFC ) and field cooling (FC) processes. The one-dimensional Ising model results are compatible with the cyano-bridged Tb(III)-Cr(III) bimetallic quasi-one dimensional assembly (([Tb(H2O)2(DMF)4 {Cr(CN)}6]· H2O (DMF=dimethylformamide)) results.

Pulse excitation to continuous-wave excitation in a low-dimensional interacting quantum system

Real-time dynamics in one-dimensional transverse Ising model coupled with the time-dependent oscillating field is analyzed by using the infinite time-evolving block decimation algorithm and the Floquet theory. In particular, the transient dynamics induced by the pulse field and their connections to the dynamics by a continuous-wave field are focused on. During the pulse-field irradiation, the order parameter shows a characteristic oscillation, in which the frequency shifts from the pulse-field frequency. This is considered as a kind of the Rabi oscillation, but the frequency strongly depends on the intersite Ising interaction. After turning off the pulse field, the oscillation remains with a frequency $\mathit{\Omega}$ and a damping constant $\gamma$. In the case of low fluence, both $\mathit{\Omega}$ and $\gamma$ are scaled by the pulse amplitude in a wide range of the parameter values of the model. In the case of high fluence, $\mathit{\Omega}$ and $\gamma$ are arranged by a product of the pulse amplitude and the pulse width. This implies that the dynamics after turning off the pulse field are decided by a population of the excited state when the pulse field is turned off.

Scaling in driven dynamics starting in the vicinity of a quantum critical point

We study the driven critical dynamics with an equilibrium initial state near a quantum critical point. In contrast to the original Kibble-Zurek mechanism, which describes the driven dynamics starting from an adiabatic stage that is far from the critical point, the initial adiabacity is broken in this scenario. As a result, the scaling behavior cannot be described by the original Kibble-Zurek scaling. In this work we propose a scaling theory, which includes the initial parameters as additional scaling variables, to characterize the scaling behavior. In particular, this scaling theory can be used to describe the driven scaling behavior starting from a finite-temperature equilibrium state near a quantum critical point. We numerically confirm the scaling theory by simulating the real-time dynamics of the one-dimensional quantum Ising model at both zero and finite temperatures.

One-dimensional Ising model with multispin interactions

We study the spin-1/2 Ising chain with multispin interactions K involving the product of m successive spins, for general values of m. Using a change of spin variables the zero-field partition function of a finite chain is obtained for free and periodic boundary conditions and we calculate the two-spin correlation function. When placed in an external field H the system is shown to be self-dual. Using another change of spin variables the one-dimensional Ising model with multispin interactions in a field is mapped onto a zero-field rectangular Ising model with first-neighbour interactions K and H. The 2D system, with size m × N/m, has the topology of a cylinder with helical BC. In the thermodynamic limit , , a 2D critical singularity develops on the self-duality line, .

Comment on "Static correlations functions and domain walls in glass-forming liquids: The case of a sandwich geometry" [J. Chem. Phys. 138, 12A509 (2013)

In this Comment, we argue that the behavior of the overlap functions reported in the commented paper can be fully understood in terms of the physics of simple liquids in contact with disordered substrates, without appealing to any particular glassy phenomenology. This suggestion is further supported by an analytic study of the one-dimensional Ising model provided as Supplementary Material.

The third law of thermodynamics and the fractional entropies

We consider the fractal calculus based Ubriaco and Machado entropies and investigate whether they conform to the third law of thermodynamics. The Ubriaco entropy satisfies the third law of thermodynamics in the interval 0<q≤1 exactly where it is also thermodynamically stable. The Machado entropy, on the other hand, yields diverging inverse temperature in the region 0<q≤1, albeit with non-vanishing negative entropy values. Therefore, despite the divergent inverse temperature behavior, the Machado entropy fails the third law of thermodynamics. We also show that the aforementioned results are also supported by the one-dimensional Ising model with no external field.

Exploring the renormalization of quantum discord and Bell non-locality in the one-dimensional transverse Ising model

In this paper, the effect of external magnet field g on the relationship among the quantum discord, Bell non-locality and quantum phase transition by employing quantum renormalization-group (QRG) method in the one-dimensional transverse Ising model is investigated. In our model, external magnet field g can influence the phase diagrams. The results have shown that both the two quantum correlation measures can develop two saturated values, which are associated with two distinct phases: long-ranged ordered Ising phase and the paramagnetic phase with the number of QRG iterations increasing. Additionally, quantum non-locality always existent in the long-ranged ordered Ising phase no matter whatever the value of g is and what times QRG steps are carried out and we conclude that the quantum non-locality always exists not only suitable for the two sites of block, but for nearest-neighbor blocks in the long-ranged ordered Ising phase. However, the block---block correlation in the paramagnetic phase is not strong enough to violate the Bell---CHSH inequality as the size of system becomes large. Furthermore, when the system violates the CHSH inequality, i.e., satisfies quantum non-locality, it needs to be entangled. On the other way, if the system obeys the CHSH inequality, it may be entangled or not. To gain further insight, the non-analytic and scaling behavior of QD and Bell non-locality have also been analyzed in detail and this phenomenon indicates that the behavior of the correlation can perfectly help one to observe the quantum critical properties of the model.

Scaling behavior of quantum critical relaxation dynamics of a system in a heat bath

We study the scaling behavior of the relaxation dynamics to thermal equilibrium when a quantum system is near the quantum critical point. In particular, we investigate systems whose relaxation dynamics is described by a Lindblad master equation. We find that the universal scaling behavior not only exhibits in the equilibrium stage at the long-time limit, but also manifests itself in the non-equilibrium relaxation process. While the critical behavior is dictated by the low-lying energy levels of the Hamiltonian, the dissipative part in the Lindblad equation also plays important roles in two aspects: First, the dissipative part makes the high energy levels decay fast after which the universal behavior controlled by the low-lying modes emerges. Second, the dissipation rate gives rise to a time scale that affects the scaling behavior. We confirm our theory by solving the Lindblad equation for the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model.