On-job Training Research Articles

Infection Control Inspections at the General, Postpartum and Psychiatric Nursing Facilities, 2014

To improve the healthcare quality and reduce health care-associated infections in nursing facilities, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control established the infection control inspection checklist for general, postpartum and psychiatric nursing facilities and started the first inspection in 2014. The on-site inspections were conducted by infection control experts appointed by local health authorities during April-October, 2014. Total 456 nursing facilities, including 328 general nursing facilities, 111 postpartum nursing facilities and 17 psychiatric nursing facilities were inspected. The criteria require a rating of inspection tasks scored ＂level C and above＂ for general nursing facilities, or tasks scored ＂meet the criteria＂ should achieve 60 % for both postpartum and psychiatric nursing facilities. Local health authorities assist facilities failing the inspection to correct their flaws and conduct a follow-up inspection. Overall, 99.8% of the facilities fulfilled the criteria; only one general nursing facility did not pass the inspection. Facilities' performance were weak in several inspection tasks, such as ＂health examination and vaccination of workers and residents＂, ＂pre-employment and on-job infection control training for workers (including kitchen workers and meal-serving staff)＂, ＂infection prevention and treatment for residents＂, ＂stockpile of personal protective equipment＂, ＂setting and using of the isolation area＂, ＂cleanness of the potable water equipment＂, and ＂setting and using of the contaminant handling area＂. Facilities had corrected their flaws or proposed improvement plans based on experts' recommendations after the inspection. These experiences can be used as reference for formulating and implementing infection control policies and inspection programs of the long-term care facilities.

Impact of educational program about care of children with febrile convulsion on nurses' knowledge and performance

Background and objective : A febrile (fever) convulsion is a fit or seizure that occurs in children with fever. The key responsibilities of the nurse are to protect the child from injury during seizure and assist in the treatment of the underlying cause. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of educational program on nurses' knowledge and performance. Methods : Design: Quasi-experimental research design. Subjects and methods: 44 nurses who working at Assiut Children Hospital. Tools: A structured interview sheet and observational check list. Results : Statistically significant difference between nurses' knowledge and practices after post-test and follow-up. Conclusions : The nurses’ knowledge regarding care of child with febrile seizure were not enough with some unsafe practices. The study recommended On Job Training (OJT) programs are suggested in order to refresh and update nurses’ knowledge.

Bibliometric analysis of scientific articles on evidence-based nursing of burn in the mainland of China

To analyze the current research status of evidence-based nursing of burn in the mainland of China, in order to provide basis for the improvement of scientificity of burn nursing practice. Chinese scientific articles on evidence-based nursing of burn in the mainland of China published from January 1997 to December 2015 were retrieved from Chinese Biology Medicine disc, Chinese Journals Full-text Database, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. From the results retrieved, date with regard to publication year, region of affiliation of the first author, journal distribution, literature type, literature quality assessment, topic of evidence-based research, fund program support, implementation of evidence-based practice steps, and language and quantity of reference. Data were processed with Microsoft Excel software. A total of 50 articles conforming to the criteria were retrieved. (1) Articles about evidence-based nursing of burn arose in 2004. Compared with that in the previous year, there was no obvious increase in the number of relevant articles in each year from 2004 to 2011. The number of literature in 2012 was obviously increased than that in each year from 2004 to 2011, while the number of literature in each year from 2012 to 2015 was not obviously increased compared with that in the previous year. (2) The regions of affiliation of the first author were distributed in 13 provinces, 3 minority autonomous regions, and 3 municipalities, with the largest distribution in East China, and Northwest China and Southwest China in the follow. (3) The articles were published in 32 domestic journals, with 9 (28.12%) nursing journals, 5 (15.62%) burn medical related journals, and 18 (56.25%) other journals. Twenty (40%) articles were published in Source Journal for Chinese Scientific and Technical Papers. (4) Regarding the literature type, 31 (62%) articles dealt with clinical experiences, 17 (34%) articles dealt with scientific research, and 2 (4%) articles dealt with case report. (5) There were 21 quantitative study articles and 29 narrative study articles, all with low quality. (6) The topics of evidence-based research in these articles were mainly burn rehabilitation, burn nursing technology, pediatric burn, inhalation injury and airway management, and complications of burn injury. Only one study was supported by fund program. (7) Only one article described complete evidence-based practice steps. (8) The literature cited 57 English articles as references, with an average of 1.14, and 316 Chinese articles, with an average of 6.32. The concept of evidence-based nursing of burn has been initially formed in the mainland of China. The number of relevant articles is on the rise, but the quality needs to be further improved. There is an urgent need to improve nurses' understanding of evidence-based nursing and their command of the method of evidence-based practice through on-job training, so as to improve the scientificity and effectiveness of burn nursing.

Knowledge and utilization of partograph among health care professionals in public health institutions of Bale zone, Southeast Ethiopia

BackgroundPartograph has been shown to be an efficacious tool for monitoring labor and identifying women in need of an obstetric intervention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess knowledge and utilization of partograph among health care professionals in public health institutions of Bale zone, Southeast Ethiopia. Study designA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1st to March 30, 2014. MethodsSingle population proportion sample size determination formula was used to calculate the sample size and it was 401. Simple random sampling was employed to select both the health facilities as well as study subjects. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire. It was analyzed by SPSS for windows version 16.0. Descriptive, binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistically significant tests were declared at a level of significance of P value <0.05. ResultsOne hundred and forty (38.5%) and 224 (61.5%) study subjects have a poor and good level of knowledge about partograph, respectively. The magnitude of partograph utilization was 70.2%. Variables having statistically significant association with good level of knowledge about partograph were being midwives (AOR = 7.70, 95% CI = 2.38, 24.94), being nurses (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.85) and being graduated from governmental higher institution (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.22, 3.42). Additionally, being female health professionals (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.17, 4.89), being hospital staff (AOR = 17.78, 95% CI = 2.32, 135.98) and receiving training about partograph (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.15, 7.54) have statistically significant association with partograph utilization. ConclusionsMore than half of the respondents have a good level of knowledge about partograph. A significant number of study subjects reported use of partograph to monitor women in labour. It is recommended to provide periodic on-job training on partograph to all obstetric caregivers especially for nurses and public health officers to improve their knowledge.

Is partograph being correctly filled or just giving false security

Context : Retrospective study was carried out to answer whether or not the partographs that are used to monitor mothers in labour are recorded to the standard. A fuller understanding of this process will be important to educate further the personnel filling the partograph and also to make policies and strategies in the provision of maternity care services. Objectives : To determine whether the partographs are correctly being filled To find out which part of the partograph is not being properly filled. Methods : 100 case records of women delivered in Kasturba Hospital and monitored by partograph, were randomly selected from a period of January – May 2015 (20 records per month) and retrospectively studied by a team of 2 assessors. After defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, data was collected through a pre-tested and structured checklist which was developed, after reviewing literature relevant to the problem under study and standard protocols were defined to identify correctly filled partographs and substandard ones. Results : Overall 69 % of the partographs were correctly filled. Fetal heart rate was recorded up to the recommended standard in 78(78%) of the partographs reviewed. In 20 (20%) moulding of fetal head was not recorded at all. The status of membranes was recorded in 78 (78%). Cervical dilatation was recorded in 96 (96%) of the partographs however, 9(9%) of these records were substandard while it was not recorded in 4(4%). Uterine contraction was not recorded in 10 (10 %) while recorded to the standard in 71(71%). Descent of the presenting part was not recorded in 49(49%). 90 (90%) women had their blood pressure monitored. Post delivery baby notes were recorded in 96 (96%) of the partographs. Conclusion : The present study revealed significant proportions of substandard and unrecorded parameters of labour on the modified WHO partograph. This indicates poor documentation, and perhaps monitoring and supervision of labour. Lack and suboptimal documentation of some parameters of the progress of labour could hinder early detection of complications, important to prevent maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Pre-service and periodic on-job training of health workers on the completion of the partograph, regular supportive supervision, provision of guidelines and mandatory health facility policy are recommended.

Value of training on motivation among health workers in Narok County, Kenya.

IntroductionTraining, as an additive human resources intervention is decisive to organizational performance. Employees require constant update of formal and informal knowledge alongside positive attitudes that have been defined as necessary in motivation leading to effectiveness in performance hence workplace training is tied to achieving organizational aims and objectives. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of training on motivation among health workers in Narok County, Kenya.MethodsA cross-sectional study utilizing a self administered questionnaire, targeting 237 health workers and 21 health managers was used. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21 using descriptive statistics. Factor analysis was done on the training perception in relation to motivation.ResultsMajority of the respondents rated their motivation between 7 and 9 in the current health facility (35.4%), Sub-county (33.8%) and County (32.9%) with the median motivation level of 5. Majority of health workers 194 (81.9%) had received a form of training, of whom 191 (98.5%) indicated that on-job training was relevant to their tasks and that it motivated 192 (99.0%) of them to perform better due to coining skills to motivation. Training significantly predicted general motivation (p-value = 0.013), job satisfaction (p-value = .001), intrinsic job satisfaction (p-value = .001) and organisational commitment (p-value <.001).ConclusionThe researchers concluded that there is a relationship between training and motivated health workforce in Narok County and recommended strengthening of current training initiatives by ensuring trainings are more regular and involvement of health workers in discussing their career development prospects.

Adult Patient Satisfaction with In-patient Nursing Care in a Referral and Teaching Hospital Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia

Back ground: Knowing patients’ satisfaction with nursing care is important for any healthcare agency as nurses and nursing care comprise the majority of the healthcare provision in hospitals throughout a 24 hour day. Objectives: This study was aimed to assess adult inpatient satisfaction with nursing care and its determinant factors in the study area. Methods: A cross-Sectional Survey was conducted at Hawassa University specialized and teaching hospitals (HUSTH) in Ethiopia from April 1-30, 2014. The study population consisted of patients who were admitted to the study wards at the time of data collection. Patients aged >18, admitted at least for two days and able to communicate. Data was collected using a modified ‘Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale’ (NSNS). EPI –data version 3.1 and SPSS version 16 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted for identifying the predictors of satisfaction. Summary tables were used for presenting the result. Ethical approval was obtained from Jimma University Results: A total of 406 patients participated in the study. The study showed that the mean satisfaction score of the patients was 47%. Multivariate linear regression indicated that perceived need and expectation of care were independent predictors of the patients’ satisfaction. Conclusions: This study revealed that the satisfaction level of patients with the inpatient nursing care they received was low. It was influenced by their perceived need and expectation of care from their providers. Thus, we recommend that the hospitals managers should frequently assess its patients’ satisfaction status and provide tailored on-job training to its nurses in order to improve their skill for enhancing patients’ satisfaction.

Operator training simulator for biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil

In this study, an operator training simulator (OTS) has been developed for the homogeneously catalyzed two-step biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO). Biodiesel from WCO leads to cheaper production and also protects the environment by utilizing WCO effectively and producing non-polluting biodiesel. Currently, many biodiesel producers use homogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production due to faster reaction and moderate operating conditions. Process safety and efficient process operations require skilled operators. OTS is crucial in operators’ training as on-job training is often costly, risky and incomplete. The developed standalone OTS has been investigated for a number of abnormal process scenarios. Each scenario can be inserted by an Instructor as and when it is desired. This study demonstrates the capability of a commonly used process simulator ‘Aspen Plus Dynamics’ (APD) and ‘Aspen OTS Framework’ in OTS development for the complex biodiesel process. Process model is developed in a modular fashion that facilitates easy addition or removal of any unit operation(s) in case of process modifications in the future.

Documentation status of the modified World Health Organization partograph in public health institutions of Bale zone, Ethiopia.

BackgroundPartograph is basically a graphic representation of the events of labour plotted against time in hours. It is designed for early detection of abnormal progress of labour and prevention of prolonged labour in order to reduce risk of Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH), sepsis, obstructed labour and its sequels such as ruptured uterus and obstetric fistula. However, little is known about documentation status of partograph forms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess documentation status of partograph in public health institutions of Bale zone, Ethiopia.MethodologyInstitution based, descriptive cross sectional study based on retrospective document review was conducted to assess partograph forms in public health institutions of Bale zone, from May 1st to June 30, 2014. A total of 508 sampled mothers’ medical records that had been used to monitor labour three months prior to actual data collection period (from February to April 2014) were considered as study populations. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social science version 16.0 and descriptive statistics were computed.ResultsOut of the total 508 mothers’ medical records reviewed, 342 (67.3 %) medical records have partograph forms. Of which, 103 (30.1 %) were not totally recorded and 239 (69.9 %) partograph were recorded only in some manner. From partograph forms recorded in some manner, only 107 (44.8 %) fetal heart rate, 3 (1.3 %) moulding of fetal head, 76 (31.8 %) cervical dilatation, and 17 (7.1 %) descent of head, 57 (23.8 %) uterine contraction, 23 (9.6 %) blood pressure, and 14 (5.9 %) temperature was documented to the standard level.ConclusionThere is poor documentation of the modified World Health Organization (WHO) partographs during labour in public health institutions of Bale zone, Ethiopia. It is recommended to provide continuous pre-service and on-job training for health care professionals about the standard protocol of partograph documentation and to set policy for each health facility that mandate documentation of the partograph for all laboring mother as per WHO recommendation.

Beyond Education for All: Meeting the Human Resource Needs of Economic Development

The global education goals, with their emphasis on the quantitative indicators such as the enrollment rates or the number of years of schooling, may have led to too narrow a focus in linking education to human capital development. While many low-income countries have made remarkable progress towards achieving universal primary education, there are serious doubts about the content and quality of education indicating the need for a paradigm shift in education towards learning and skill development. To keep pace with increasingly competitive and globalized markets and rapidly changing technologies, education systems need to be geared towards developing well-balanced human resources with appropriate skills and flexibility for adjustment. Increasing attention will need to be paid beyond primary and post-primary education to tertiary education with the associated problems of skill mismatch, educated unemployment, the brain drain, on-job training and the educational financing and equity issues.

A survey on the training needs on nursing personnel for the aged from the perspective of nursing targets and their relatives

Objective To understand the training status and learning requirement of nursing personnel for the aged from the perspective of nursing targets and their relatives in the city of Nanjing. Methods The questionnaire involved six categories, 80 questionnaires were sent out, 57 of them were recollected. The effective recovery rate was 71.3% (57/80). All the data were input into Excel to do statistical analysis. Results The nursing personnel did not fully grasp the skills of transfusion nursing and muscle injection [45.6%(26/57) and 33.3%(19/57)] in the basic theory of basic care, knowledge and skills from the perspective of nursing targets and their relatives. The Chinese medicine nursing skills such as scrapping [needing very much 40.4% (23/57)] and burying seeds [needing very much 40.4% (23/57)] in the ear acupuncture point were also needed to be enhanced. A total of 75.4% (43/57) of respondents chose online examination as the way of nursing personnel's evaluation. Conclusions Nursing personnel are in great need of on-job professional training. Key words: Questionnaires; Nursing personnel; Nursing learning needs; Nursing target; Family member

Human resource capacity for information management in selected public healthcare facilities in Meru County, Kenya.

IntroductionReliable health information is essential for decision making in the healthcare system. Information management in Kenya was considered the weakest area under the Health Information System pillar mainly due to inadequate health workers capacity. The study therefore aimed at assessing health workers skills and current training needs for information management in the selected healthcare facilities.MethodsCross-section research design was adopted and both purposive sampling technique and censuses were used to establish the study participants. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and results were presented in tables, charts and graphs.ResultsIt was established that capacity building was usually undertaken through on-job trainings i.e. 85.1% (103) health workers had on-job training on filling of data collection tools and only 10% (13) had received formal classroom training on the same. Further, only 9.1% (11) health workers had received information management training while 90.9% (110) had not received such training. Health workers demonstrated below average skills on information management i.e. only 17.4% (21) could check for data accuracy, only 16.5% (20) could compute trends from bar charts and only 16.5% (20) could transform the data they collected into meaningful information for use.ConclusionThe researcher recommended that healthcare facilities management teams develop a competency based framework for defining the desired skill mix for information management and have a yearly Training Needs Assessment for assessing training needs for information management among the health workers.

Primary School Teachers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived Practice of Continuous Assessment

This study endeavored to investigate primary school teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived practices of continuous assessment (CA). Ninety-five primary school teachers from three primary schools in West Gojjam, Ethiopia, were randomly selected for the study. Questionnaire, interviews and content analyses were used as instruments of data collection. The findings indicated that teachers had misconception about CA and considered continuous tests they gave to students as if they were continuous assessments. Thus, it was recommended that teachers be given on-job training about CA and its implementation. Keywords : Assessment, Continuous assessment, Summative tests, Formative assessment

A Pedological Tale IV: Conversations with Turtle, Bear, and Eagle

A Pedological Tale IV: Conversations with Turtle, Bear, and Eagle

Preparedness of frontline health workers for tobacco cessation: An exploratory study from two states of India.

Background:The 5As approach is a clinic-based approach and has been developed for primary health care providers who are uniquely positioned to interact with tobacco users. The 5As stands for: Ask about tobacco use at every visit, advise tobacco users to quit, assess readiness to quit, assist quit attempts through counseling and pharmacotherapy and arrange follow-up to prevent relapse. The present study explores whether auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) adhere to the 3As from the recommended 5As model for tobacco cessation.Materials and Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 501 ANMs in the state of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were employed to test the differences in knowledge levels and practices of ANMs. Bivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between each predictor variable separately and the outcome variables after adjusting for age and location. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 software.Results:Majority of ANMs reported that they were aware of respiratory illnesses, tuberculosis, lung and oral cancer as conditions caused due to tobacco consumption. Awareness of adverse reproductive and child health effects associated with tobacco use was very low. Only about one third of respondents informed all patients about harmful effects. Only 16% of ANMs reported having ever received any on-job training related to tobacco control. ANMs who reported receiving training in tobacco control were about two times more likely to provide information on health effects of tobacco as compared to those who reported not being trained in tobacco control in the state of Gujarat.Conclusions:A majority of ANMs ask patients about tobacco use but provide advice only to patients suffering from specific diseases. A context-specific capacity building package needs to be designed to equip ANMs in recommended 5As approach in tobacco cessation.

ON PERSONNEL TRAINING FOR PASSENGER ROPEWAYS

The need to formulate accurate requirements for the training organizations engaged in training the service personnel for passenger ropeways (PRW), and pre-certification training on the industrial safety of the ropeways is identified. “A model PRW employee” is presented. It reflects the skills and professional level of an employee, his intellectual potential capacity required under current conditions taking into account the requirements of Rostekhnadzor. The prospects for applying the distance learning methods using the information and communication technologies to significantly reduce the cost of training are identified. Thus, the training time can be distributed more reasonably; the efficiency of the expertise formation increases. The program “Inforesurs-Certification” which has a number of competitive advantages is proposed and analyzed. In particular, it can help employees of the enterprises far removed from the training center passing the pre-certification training. At this, one can work with the program at any time using any device (laptop, tablet PC, smartphone, etc.). The training material retention level increases. The opportunity of regular communication with a tutor or a supervisor (mobile telephony, emailing), and an adequate control contribute to it. This cuts the on-job training time and significantly decreases its cost.

An Exploratory Study of the Current State of Career Development for Project Managers in the IT and Other Industries

Critical to project success and job satisfaction of project managers is effective Human Resource Management (HRM). The temporary nature of projects has changed the traditional career paths for project managers and the way project-oriented companies prioritize their motivation tactics. By conducting a survey to explore a general pattern of employers' HRM practices in different industries regarding the project management career, this paper presents the fact that most employers prefer on-job training to organizational career path in motivating and retaining project manager and that there is no difference between IT industry and other industries in terms of the extent of use of on-job training and the organizational career path. These findings contribute to an in-depth understanding of the project management career path and suggest that project managers be proactive in adjusting to change in the workplace by being more autonomous in their career development decisions based on the larger work environment.

Exploration and deliberation of on-job postgraduates training in clinical ophthalmology

Exploration and deliberation of on-job postgraduates training in clinical ophthalmology

The effectiveness of object segmented and non-object segmented instructional video for on-job practical skill training

Instructional video as training aids allows proactive increases the understandings video content. This Empirical of effective type of instructional video study examined to overcome the current text and picture form practical skill training aid used. This method is inadequate and difficult to be visualized by the hard disk assembly operators during the training session. As results the assembly method skills vary based on their understanding and these risks the output yield. A single group pretest and posttest design is used for the study of effectiveness of instructional video types on skill outcome and operators motivation in on-job practical skill. Two type of video studied: object segmented and non-objected segmented instructional video. Results of the experiment showed that the value of instructional video for learning effectiveness was contingent upon the object segmented instructional video. The operators that used object segmented instructional video achieved significantly better learning performance and a higher level of learner confidence than those in non-objected segmented instructional video. The findings suggest that it may be important to isolate the background in the instructional video in order to increase learners focus.

The application effectiveness of bedside teaching in specialized ability training among the nurses who worked for 2-5 years

[ Abstract] Objective To explore the effectiveness of bedside teaching and training in specialized ability training among the nurses who worked for 2-5 years. Methods Cluster random sampling was used for investigation of 6 medical wards and 6 surgical wards selected from a hospital. And all study subjects were divided into two groups by random number table method： 45 nurses who worked for 2-5 years from 3 medical wards and 3 surgical wards in the experiment group, and 43 nurses who worked for 2-5 years from another 3 medical wards and 3 surgical wards in the control group. The nurses in the control group were given the conventional training, and the nurses in the experiment group were given specialty training and teaching by the bed. The nurses＇ satisfaction with training l theoretical knowledge and comprehensive abilities in the two groups of nurses were evaluated by the satisfaction questionnaire, closed-book exam and comprehensive capacity evaluation form, respectively. Results In the observation group of 45 nurses, the nurses＇ satisfaction with training after the implementation of training was 95.6 % , and higher than 77.8% before the implementation of training, the difference was statistically significant between after and before the implementation of training （ X2 = 4. 377, P 〈 0.05 ） ; the score of theoretical knowledge after the implementation of training was （ 80.4 _＋ 16.5 ）, and higher than （69.8 -＋ 13.6） before the implementation of training, the difference was statistically significant between after and before the implementation of training （ t = 4. 862, P 〈 0.01 ）. After the implementation of training, the nurses＇ satisfaction with training in the control group of 43 nurses was 83.7%, and lower than that in the observation group, the difference was statistically significant between the two groups （ X2 = 3. 354, P 〈 0.05） ; the score of theoretical knowledge in the control group was （72.7 ± 17.6）, and lower than that in the observation group, the difference was statistically significant between the two groups （ t = 2.110, P 〈 0.05 ）. In the observation group, the scores of communication, specialized and practical operation, specialized health education gnidanee, the ability to observe and discovery the problem by using the specialized knowledge, and the ability to analyze and solve the problem by using the specialized knowledge were （5.8 ± 1.8 ）, （6.8 ±1.5 ）, （5.9 ±1.3 ）, （6.4 ± 1.7 ） and （ 6.0 ± 2.0） after the implementation of training, respectively, which were higher than those of（4.9±2.0）, （5.8±1.5）, （4.9±2.1）, （5.4±1.2） and （5.1±1.3） before the implementation of training points, these differences were statistically significant （t = 2. 244, 3. 162, 2. 716, 3. 224, 2. 531, respectively; P 〈0.05 ）. After the implementation of training, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups on the scores of communication, specialized and practical operation, specialized health education gnidanee, the ability to observe and discovery the problem by using the specialized knowledge, and the ability to analyze and solve the problem （ t = 2. 282,2. 553,2.235,2. 344, respectively; P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The application of bedside teaching in specialized ability training can significantly improve the nurses＇ satisfaction with training, theoretical knowledge and comprehensive abilities among the nurses who worked for 2-5 years, which is worth of nurse managers and educators to learn and use. Key words: Teaching; Nurse ; On-job training; Practical ability; Continuing education