Omsk State Agrarian University Research Articles

Agrotechnological peculiarities of crop combination in Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris cultivation in vertical hydroponics

The dispensing of vertical cultivation technology in greenhouses in Russia has been held back due to deficiency of a specific assortment of vegetable plants. The studies with the possible species of cultivated crops for vertical hydroponics were carried out in Omsk State Agrarian University. The growth of Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris is attractive for getting “baby green”. The study of the technological peculiarities of Beta vulgaris production and the compilation of a scientifically grounded crop rotation in a container-type greenhouse with vertical cultivation of crops is the goal of research work. For growing green crops in vertical container-type greenhouses, including Beta vulgaris cutting, the sowing of seeds can be in the seedling department, bypassing the germination chamber. Beta vulgaris seedling period is 7 days, then within 3–4 months the “Baby greens” leafs are cut, the required parameters are reached by the plants in three weeks, namely leaves are cut about 4–6 times from each container, after that a turnover is performed. The proposed rational system of using the area promote increasing the amount of cut green from 0.25 to 2.0–2.86 kg from the production section. Agrotechnological measures for the use of crop rotation in the cultivation of Beta vulgaris in vertical hydroponics allow starting an autonomous mobile complex with maximum efficiency.

The effect of the solid fraction of pig manure on the biological activity of agrochernozem

The results of studies in 2016-2019 on the effect of the solid fraction of pig manure, applied at doses of 20-60 t/ha, on the indicators of the biological activity of the agrochernozem of loamy quasi-gley medium-arable medium with a low carbon content of organic matter (1.14-1.22%) are presented. The manure contained 0.59% of N, 1.13% of P2O5, 0.14% of K2O, 82.1% of organic matter at pH = 7.4. In field experiments carried out at the experimental field of the Omsk State Agrarian University (Omsk), the cellulose-destroying capacity of the soil and the activity of the enzymes catalase, urease and invertase were studied. The soil of the control variant had a weak cellulose-degrading capacity and was poor in the content of the studied enzymes. The results of the experiments indicate a positive effect of pig manure on the activity of biological processes in the soil. The cellulose-degrading capacity of agrochernozem depended on the dose of manure and the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. In the period from the first to the third years of manure aftereffect, the intensity of cellulose destruction increased in comparison with the control by 20-90% at a dose of 20 t/ha and by 70-230% at a dose of 60 t/ha. Organic fertilization increased the activity of urease by 34.6-68.0%, by 10.7-14.6% that of catalase and by 5.8-12.2% that of invertase.

The current state of agricultural soils of the experimental field of the Omsk State Agrarian University

The current state of agricultural soils of the experimental field of the Omsk State Agrarian University

Comparative analysis of nutritional value and cytological toxicity of plant dispersion of Russian varieties of beans and haricot

Contemporary market of food of animal origin and its substitutes, i.e. dairy alternatives offers a range of non-alcohol beverages of plant origin (plant “milk”) of different level of particles’ dispersion. At Russian food market dairy alternative beverages are mostly cereal and food products by well-known brands. Application of alternative types of bean crops (green beans and haricot) in production of non-alcohol beverages of plant origin or synthetic products should be proven not only with consideration of their biological activity and their toxicity as well. The article deals with the results of comparative analysis of nutritional value and the evaluation stage of the basic toxicity of natural compositions of plant dispersion of germinated grains of bean varieties bred at Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture and Omsk State Agrarian University in in vitro conditions. To estimate the level of toxicity and biological activity of natural compositions of plant dispersion of germinated bean grain of varieties Chishminskiy 95, Chishminskiy 229, Pamyati Khangildina, and haricot of varieties Omichka and Lukerya the most popular method for OZBlue - matter detection was used, i.e. the test on human civilized cell cultures HEK 293. It has been found out that plan dispersion of these varieties do not show the visible toxicity level in the interval of the concentrations under research, what gives a possibility to use them for targeted production.

Influence of the agro zerebra growth regulator on yield and quality of spring barley grain

The results of experiments on studying the effect of the growth regulator Zerebra Agro on the grain yield of spring barley, the chemical composition of plants, the quality of the grain and the amino acid composition of the protein when cultivated according to different predecessors on meadow-chernozem soil in the conditions of the Omsk region are presented. Field studies were carried out in 2014-2016. on the fields of the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University, and laboratory at the Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science of Omsk State Agrarian University. Vvariety of spring barley – Gift of Siberia. Predecessors – steam and wheat, agricultural technics – common for the zone The use of the growth regulator Zerebra Agro at a dose of 150 ml/ha made it possible to form an increase in the yield of barley grain when cultivating barley after wheat in steam – 0,27 t/ha and 0,31 t/ha when cultivated with the second crop after steam (in the control variant, the yield was for a pair of 2.82 t/ha, for wheat 1.72 t/ha). The applied growth regulator had a positive effect on the grain quality of spring barley.

ROLE OF THE THIRD MISSION OF THE BRANCH UNIVERSITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY

Subject. The problem of the development of the regional economy is of great importance for all participants living and working within the borders of the territory. Each subject of the ecosystem should contribute to the development of the region in proportion to financial stability, receiving image and investment bonuses. In this article, the algorithm of the influence of the branch university on the rate of improvement of the welfare of the population in the Omsk region is considered. In the article, the authors prove the hypothesis that the achievements of university science are a key factor in the development of the region in the conditions of a new knowledge economy and limited human and financial resources. Methodology. Methods of induction and deduction, analysis and generalization were used in the process of studying the problem of the development of the regional economy. Results. Five global trends were identified for the development of higher education and science at Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin. Project competencies have been developed – both traditional and expected, as well as frontier development of IT solutions. The desire for collaboration with other organizations and the creation of an effective ecosystem of external relations is proved. The course of implementation of “digital” projects at Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin is analyzed. Conclusions. It is concluded that a collaborative approach to the interaction of all institutions within the regional economy is applicable for an industrially saturated region, will effectively solve the issue of national environmental and food security, will become a new vector of development.

Non­Destructive Testing of Growth Productivity

The necessary condition for obtaining high yields is the management of plant production processes in closed artificial agroecosystems. It is important to control the intensity of these processes in a dynamic mode. (Research purpose) To develop a non-destructive method for controlling the plant productivity growth to create algorithms for controlling the plant production processes. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the dependence of plant productivity on leaf temperature. They determined the increase in plant leaf mass using digital scales, studied the leaf temperature and the control object with a pyrometric thermometer and measured the leaf surface area. (Results and discussion) The authors obtained the values of plant and environmental parameters and, taking into account the moisture consumption for transpiration cooling, determined the values of the lettuce leaf mass growth (Latuca sativa L.), which would be used in conjunction with other measured plant and environmental parameters to control the limiting factors in closed artificial agroecosystems. (Conclusions) The authors developed a non-destructive method to control plant productivity growth in climatic chambers using the example of Krasnyy Dubolistnyy lettuce. It was determined that the green mass growth rate had a maximum if the mass of cooling water during evaporation was 0.65 gram. That meant the plant tried to maximize the use of free energy and the productive factors that determined it. The weight values calculated from the experiment results (2.0 grams) corresponded to the data obtained at the Omsk State Agrarian University (1.9 gram) with an accuracy of 5 percent.

The Efficiency of Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment with Trace Element Solutions

This article analyzes the results of four-year research which examined the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment (soaking, spraying) of white cabbage seeds with trace element solutions of various concentrations. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions at the Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Department of Omsk State Agrarian University with a mid-season-ripening, medium-yielding and high-yielding variety of white cabbage (Sibiryachka 60) found in the Omsk region. 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.05% solutions of ZnSO4 ⋅ 7H2O and 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.05% solutions of H3BO3 were used in the experiment. The cabbage seeds were soaked in water (control) and in trace element solutions for 6-12-24 hours. The germination energy and germination capacity of the seeds, the zinc distribution, and the biometric indicators of the seedlings and of the cabbage transplant seedlings were determined. The optimal concentrations of the trace element solutions and the optimal duration of pre-sowing treatment were established, which stimulated the development of seedlings and increased seed germination by 5-9%. It was noted that, compared with the control, 2 times more plants reached the 6-leaf phase by the time of planting when transplant seedlings were treated with a boric acid solution in the optimal concentration, and 3.6 times more plants did when fertilized with zinc. Based on the results the following is recommended for implementation in production: soaking seeds in a 0.03% solution of Н3ВО3; soaking seeds in a 0.04% solution of ZnSO4; soaking time - 6 hours; a 1:2 ratio of seeds to the solution; and concentration of solutions per element for boron – 0.005% and zinc – 0.01%.
 Keywords: white cabbage, seeds, micro-fertilizers, pre-sowing treatment

Heritability of Productivity Elements of Chickpeas and its Importance for Practical Breeding

This study examined the genetics of the variability in quantitative traits and showed the possibility of selecting hybrids with a new, more favorable combination of traits, which is of practical interest for breeding. The main goal of our research was to determine the coefficients of heritability by the mass of seeds and the number of beans per plant in hybrid combinations of chickpeas, which allowed establishing the potential of parental varieties in the transfer of valuable genes responsible for plant productivity to offspring and expanding the spectrum of plant genetic diversity. The experiments were conducted in the fields of the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region in 2016-2018. The research included 6 chickpea samples with a complex of valuable traits from the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR, St. Petersburg) and 8 hybrid combinations obtained on their basis. It was found that the mass of seeds per plant was characterized by low heritability (H2 = 22.8%) and the number of beans per plant was high (H2 = 54.0%). The variability of the mass of seeds per plant was largely paratypical and was influenced by environmental conditions; the variability in the number of beans per plant was due to genetic factors and indicated a high genetic diversity in the studied splitting chickpea populations. Selection based on the number of beans per plant was highly effective even in early generations of the hybrids. Selection by the mass of seeds from the plant was ineffective; it should be carried out in later hybrid generations under favorable growing conditions. The selection of valuable genotypes was most successful in hybrid chickpea populations by seed weight per plant: C-35 x ILC-2394, C-80 x ILC-2394, C-27 x ILC-2394, and by the number of beans per plant: C-27 x ILC-2394, C-27 x ILC-2402
 Keywords: chickpeas, heritability, selection, genetics, productivity

Phenotyping of Dairy Cattle in Breeding Programs

This article examines the phenotypic features of cattle and their use in breeding to improve the characteristics of milk productivity. As part of the research, 483 black-and- white pedigree cows in the breeding enterprises of the Omsk region were evaluated by a set of characteristics. It was found that the average age of calving cows was 2.5 years. 42.7% in the total cow population were full-grown cows. The maximum level of milk productivity was observed in second lactation cows. The milk yield for 305 days of the second lactation was 6.720 kg, which was 621 kg or 9.24% higher than that in first-calf heifers. The phenotypic characterization of breeding stock allowed us to identify all the necessary reserves for obtaining high-yielding offspring, in order to increase the level of milk production in the black-and-white cattle population of the region. This research was conducted with the use of the technical base and laboratory areas of the Department of Animal Science (Faculty of Animal Science, Commodity Science and Standardization), as well as the Center for the Collective Use of Scientific Equipment of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin”. The analytical data and the results of the research presented in this publication may be of interest for students of specialized educational institutions, as well as for specialists in dairy cattle farming, and can be implemented at breeding enterprises.
 Keywords: Phenotyping, breeding, milk productivity, cattle

Composition Designing of Cooked Sausage "Udachnaya" Based on Optimization Principles

This article deals with the process of composition designing of the cooked sausage "Udachnaya" by adding non-meat ingredients to reduce material costs for production, obtain a product with given chemical composition and technological properties, as well as to minimize the occurrence of defects characteristic of cooked sausage products, in particular broth-fat runoffs. As part of the research, complete preparations of the new generation “Biophos 90” and “Bioton gel 651” were used, which did not reduce the nutritional and biological value of meat products and also produced sausage products with high organoleptic and technological properties that are safe for consumer health and the environment. Synthesis of lessons learned in the development of the rational formulation of cooked sausage products shows that the use of mathematical modeling makes it possible to implement a targeted combination of ingredients and deliver the specified chemical composition and variable processing properties with an insignificant change in prime cost. The study was conducted using the technical base and laboratory areas of the Department of Commodity Research, Standardization and Quality Control (Faculty of Animal Science, Commodity Research, and Standardization), as well as the common use center of scientific equipment of FSBEI HE “Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin”. The analytical data presented in this publication may be of interest to students of industry-specific colleges, as well as specialists in the meat industry, and can be implemented in real enterprises.
 Keywords: Construction, composition, cooked sausage, nutrient additives

Transformation of Education Processes and Preparation of Competencies for the Digital Economy

In this article, the problem of training specialists with digital competencies for the agricultural sector, as the main industry, necessary for the food security of the state. The analysis of the views of researchers on the issues of teaching youth in the context of global digitalization is presented. The analysis and generalization of information about modern technologies in the system of training personnel for the agro-industrial complex, taking into account the experience of the Omsk State Agrarian University, with the support of modern information and communication technologies. The idea is substantiated that digitalization of production and management processes in the agro-industrial complex is impossible without hard and soft skills with new competencies. The article summarizes new material based on the results of a survey of rural youth in Russia and Kazakhstan on the problem of professional self-determination. The characteristic features of modern students and their self-positioning in the conditions of a changing professional environment are highlighted and described. Special attention in the work of the authors is focused on the need to form an educational trajectory, which is based on the symbiosis of classical agricultural education, practice-oriented learning, project activities, concepts - technologies, e-learning and other digital educational resources. The conclusion reveals the authors' opinion on the forecast trends on the issue under study.

Preface

International scientific conference “World Technological Trends in Agribusiness (WTTA 2020)” was held at Omsk State Agrarian University, Omsk, Russia on 4-5 July 2020. WTTA 2020 aimed to develop the scientific cooperation between Russian and international researchers in the field of agrotechnologies.The conference has become an agriculture forum for researchers, practitioners and scholars to discuss the most recent developments in agroengineering, agriculture and melioration. The participants have presented innovative engineering solutions for automated crop production and cattle breeding. A range of technological advances for treatment, processing, and storage of vegetal raw materials and livestock products has been presented. Environmentally-friendly agricultural solutions turned out to be quite a topical issue to explore.There were more than 300 papers submitted for publication. After the reviewing process, 270 of them were selected and approved for publication in the WTTA 2020 proceedings. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the conference was held in a mixed format. Most of the participants took part in presentia, at the same time, about 60 people made presentations via videoconferencing.Virtual participation was organized using the Zoom platform. Remote technologies made it possible to make presentations for participants from Stavropol State Agrarian University, Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies (RAS, Orenburg), Altai State University, Mari State University, Krasnoyarsk Research Center (RAS, Krasnoyarsk), Ingush Agricultural Research Institute, etc.Links for participation in virtual meetings were sent round by the speakers freely. Sending invitations to colleagues was encouraged. Registration of listeners was not carried out, as a result, it was not possible to accurately estimate their number. Nevertheless, according to the organizing committee’s estimates, at least 30 listeners attended the conference sessions. Among them were employees of the Belarusian State University, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, and Kazakh National Agrarian University.At the time of the conference, Omsk State Agrarian University did not use the Zoom platform as the main tool for organizing distance education. In this regard, Zoom was used as a short-term trial period, which determined the tight timing of the main conference meetings.During the conference, five conference rooms equipped for videoconferencing were used. A special group of volunteer moderators was created to ensure the integrity of discussion and involvement of both local and virtual participants. The main task for the moderators was to repeat the audience’s questions to the virtual participants. Besides, they provided the right to a voice question to registered participants and read questions from listeners sent to the chat.Holding the conference in such format has become a new and valuable experience for the entire team of organizers. This experience was successful thanks to the participation of the university administration, student volunteers and assistance from the client department of the Zoom platform. At last, we would like to express our gratitude to the editorial team and reviewers as well as to the conference organizers. We are glad that, despite all the challenges associated with the coronavirus pandemic, we were able to collect and review the papers and prepare the WTTA 2020 proceedings.

Nutritional and technological parameters of common bean varieties bred at Omsk State Agrarian University

In the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia the shortage of proteins can be overcome cultivating legumes such as beans, peas, broad beans and chickpeas. The varieties of dry and green beans bred at Omsk State Agrarian University are adapted to the conditions of the southern forest-steppe; they are characterized by high and stable productivity and possess high compensatory abilities as regards unfavourable environmental factors (drought, waterlogging, ground frost and others). The aim of the research was to determine the technological and nutritional parameters of the grains of common bean varieties bred at the University (protein and sucrose content, seed cooking rate). 6 varieties of common beans bred at the University served as research materials. As a results, the following varieties were identified as possessing valuable technological and nutritional properties: high protein content – Fizkulturnitsa (23.75 %), Lukerya (23.6 %), Omskaya yubileinaya (24.6 %) and Olivkovaya (25.5 %); high zinc content – Fizkulturnitsa (36.86 mg/kg), Lukerya (40.93 mg/kg) and Olivkovaya (40.35 mg/kg); high iron content – Olivkovaya (108.00 mg/kg); high iodine content – Lukerya (0.23 mg/kg) and Olivkovaya (0.21 mg/kg); high calcium content – Fizkulturnitsa (1.86 %); fast seed cooking rate – Fizkulturnitsa, Omichka and Lukerya (57-59 min); high sucrose content in the leaves – Omichka, Olivkovaya, Lukerya and Fizkulturnitsa (0.10-0.15 %).

Evaluation of the adaptability of dry bean varieties grown under conditions of organic farming

The acceleration of the process of import substitution is becoming a crucial issue in contemporary Russia and priority areas of such process are identified in plant breeding and seed production. A hot topic in the breeding of beans consists in creation of highly productive varieties with stable productivity. Field experiments were conducted at the Omsk State Agrarian University in 2014-2018 in order to evaluate the adaptation properties of prominent varieties of dry beans in terms of yielding capacity. All sorts were grown using the methods of organic farming, without application of pesticides and fertilizers, which allowed for an accurate evaluation of their biological productivity. The parameters of stability and plasticity of the genotypes under study were calculated following the methods of regression analysis (Eberhart, Russell, 1966). The associated trait of the studied feature in dry beans is mainly influenced by “environmental factors” (75%), to a lesser degree by the correlation “genotype x environment” (17%) and by “genotype” (7%). Based on the evaluation of the adaptation capacity and stability of the genotypes of common beans, samples with a high responsiveness to the improvement of cultivation conditions (Omichka, Luker’ya, Sizaya, Shokoladnitsa, Olivkovaya and Omskaya yubileinaya) and with a high genotype stability (Biichanka, Sibakovskaya-100, Rubin, Nerussa, Petukh) have been identified.

Agrochemical research at Omsk State Agrarian University (towards the 95<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the foundation of the Department of Agrochemistry)

Agrochemical research at Omsk State Agrarian University (towards the 95<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the foundation of the Department of Agrochemistry)

The development of a beverage with a dispersion structure from pea grains of domestic selection

In the new global economy, the problem of deficiency of quality protein consumption seems to be acute despite of the lack of hungering and food redundancy. Milk products are supposed to be one of the main resources of protein. The assortment of milk products is quite wide nowadays but it’s not enough when we consider the variety and volume of production of foodstuffs for healthy diets, vegetarians, and consumers with lactose deficiency. The results of this investigation are based on the collaborative research of the scientists from Omsk State Agrarian University, Bashkir State Agrarian University, and Saratov State Agrarian University. The development of healthy foodstuffs with the use of legumes of domestic selection started in 2014. The objective of this research is to work out and make sufficient scientific evidence of pea cultivars usage in the technology of production of a drink with a dispersion structure. Selected pea cultivars of Bashkir Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture are used. Combined analysis of technological criteria and indicators, which make nutritive and biological value of selected pea cultivars of Bashkir Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture (harvest 2019), allows recommending pea cultivar “Chishminsky 229” as the main resource for production of a non-alcoholic beverage with a dispersion structure. The cultivar contains high concentration of amino-acids (tryptophan, lysine, and methionine). It is rich in protein and starch. We suppose the developed beverage will help to solve the problem of protein deficiency and make up a deficiency of nutrients and food fibres.

History and promising outlooks for the development of X-ray examinations at Omsk State Agrarian University

History and promising outlooks for the development of X-ray examinations at Omsk State Agrarian University

Potato nutrition management using manure fertilizer

The studies developed agrochemical regulatory parameters for the use of organic fertilizer based on litterless chicken manure for managing potato nutrition on meadow-chernozem soil in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The place of research was the experimental field and the department of agrochemistry and soil science of the FSBEI HE Omsk State Agrarian University in 2012-2014. The studied objects included potato plants of the Alaya Zarya variety and meadow-chernozem medium-thick medium-humus medium-loamy soil. Potatoes formed a yield of 22.9 t / ha without fertilizers and 26.0-33.2 t / ha with fertilizers. The use of 12 t / ha was the most effective because the yield increases in 10.3 tons or 45.0%, the payback of 1 ton of manurewas0.86 tons of tubers. 1 ton of litterless manure increases the concentration of N-NO3 by 2.06 mg/kg, P2O5 - 2.73 and K2O - 1.28. The authors established quantitative characteristics of the action intensity of 1 ton of manure on potato yields (1.14 t/ha) and proposed a formula of calculating doses for a planned increase in yield based on this study. They identified a normative indicator (coefficient b2) of the action intensity of 1 t/ha of manure on the nitrate-nitrogen content, mobile phosphorus and potassium. It allows to predict their accumulation in the soil and to determine the dose of fertilizers considering the optimal and actual content of the nutrient element in the soil.

Self-determination of Siberian student youth in the modern cultural and historical situation

The article is a response to the publication of A. V. Ivanov, Yu. V. Popkov “Spiritual and ecological civilizational perspective: the value potential of the value potential of young people in the Siberian context” (journal «Siberian socium», no. 1, 2021). The authors made an attempt to analyze the article devoted to an urgent problem — the identification of value orientations of modern youth in the context of a new civilizational transformation. During the discussion of the article, attention is focused on the analysis of the current situation in which the formation of youth is taking place; characterization of the historical challenge for the entire modern society and the specifics of the required response from young people. Particular attention is paid to the thesis of the article that youth will be the main subject of the civilizational transformation of Siberia. An assessment is given to the statement about the uniqueness of Siberia, taking into account the requirements of scientific rationality. The topic of the presence and preparedness of an active subject of mankind’s transition from a technogenic-consumer to a noospheric civilization is discussed. The sections of the research “Assessment of strategic guidelines of global civilizational development and the possibility of personal participation in it”, “Assessment of the role of Siberia and Siberians in the formation of the foundations of the spiritual and ecological development prospects” are analyzed. Revealing the characteristics of modern youth in the context of the Siberian future, the authors cite for comparison the results of their own research conducted in 2020 among students of the Omsk State Agrarian University, during which 1,600 respondents were interviewed. The urgency of the problem being analyzed is emphasized, the value of such studies is shown, on the basis of which project activities should unfold, a management culture of various processes that attract labor resources, and primarily young people, should be formed. The analysis of the article by A. V. Ivanov, Yu. V. Popkov led to the conviction that the potential of Siberian youth, provided it is adequately developed, will give a significant positive effect for the successful course of transformations in the Russian Federation and in the international context. There is an urgent issue of attracting young people to Siberia and ensuring their stay. In this sense, two perspectives of interest in Siberia are determined — this is a situation when Siberia becomes an object of study, Siberia can also be considered a territory where subjects are formed that are able to generate meanings of interest outside the region.