Effect Of Omega-3 Supplementation Research Articles

The clinical benefits of long-term supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids in cystic fibrosis patients – A pilot study

Effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation in cystic fibrosis (CF) remains controversial. This study sought to evaluate clinical status, exercise tolerance, inflammatory parameters, and erythrocyte fatty acid profile after 1 year of oral omega-3 supplementation in CF patients. Fifteen ΔF508-homozygous patients undergoing chronic azithromycin were randomized to receive omega-3 fish oil supplementation at a dose of 60mg/Kg/day or placebo. In comparison with the previous year, in the supplemented group, the number of pulmonary exacerbations decreased at 12 months (1.7 vs. 3.0, p<0.01), as did the duration of antibiotic therapy (26.5 days vs. 60.0 days, p<0.025). Supplementation significantly increased the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as early as <3 months of administration, with concomitant decreases in arachidonic acid (AA) levels. This pilot study suggests that long-term omega-3 supplementation offers several clinical benefits as to the number of exacerbations and duration of antibiotic therapy in CF patients.

Effects of omega-3 supplementation on interleukin and neurotrophin levels in an animal model of schizophrenia.

New studies suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3, may reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia. The present study evaluated the preventive effect of omega-3 on interleukines (IL) and neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brains of young rats subjected to a model of schizophrenia. Treatment was performed over 21 days, starting on the 30th day of rat's life. After 14 days of treatment with omega-3 or vehicle, a concomitant treatment with saline or ketamine (25 mg/kg) was started and maintained until the last day of the experiment. BDNF levels in the rat's prefrontal cortex were decreased at 1 h and 24 h after the last administration of ketamine, whereas the group administered with ketamine and omega-3 showed a decrease in BDNF levels only after 24 h. In contrast, both interventions induced similar responses in levels of IL-1β and IL6. These findings suggest that the similarity of IL-1β and IL6 levels in our experimental groups is due to the mechanism of action of ketamine on the immune system. More studies have to be carried out to explain this pathology. In conclusion, according to previous studies and considering the current study, we could suggest a prophylactic role of omega-3 against the outcome of symptoms associated with schizophrenia.

Interaction between feed management systems and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on bovine immunization parameters (VET1P.1116)

Abstract A trial was designed to investigate impacts of omega-3 fatty acid feeding regimes on bovine immunization responses. Dietary supplements contained either fish oil or microalgae as omega-3 fatty acid sources, and cattle were divided into 2 feed management systems; they either grazed pasture or were kept in barn tie stalls and fed total mixed rations (TMR). Cattle were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), a standard T cell dependent antigen. Dietary supplements and feeding systems influenced the response of cattle to immunization with KLH. Anti-KLH IgM, IgG and IgA antibody levels in serum were significantly higher in cattle grazing pasture than those fed TMR. Cattle consuming microalgae had consistently higher anti-KLH IgG2 and IgM antibody levels compared to cattle fed fish oil. Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplements and TMR versus pasture-based diets were also apparent in cytokine profiles from spleen and cecal tissues. Levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were highest in cecal tissue of pasture-grazing cattle (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and spleen TGF-β levels were highest in pasture-grazing cattle consuming microalgae (P = 0.0073).These findings suggest that effects of omega-3 supplements on bovine immunity are influenced by the feed management system, with heightened effects on antibody production observed with a pasture system relative to a confinement and TMR-based diet.

Influencing mitochondrial membrane composition and bioenergetics through omega-3 supplementation.

Influencing mitochondrial membrane composition and bioenergetics through omega-3 supplementation.

Erratum to: The effect of omega-3 fatty-acid supplements on perioperative bleeding following posterior spinal arthrodesis

Erratum to: The effect of omega-3 fatty-acid supplements on perioperative bleeding following posterior spinal arthrodesis

The effect of omega-3 fatty-acid supplements on perioperative bleeding following posterior spinal arthrodesis

To investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty-acid supplements (n-3FA) on bleeding during posterior spinal arthrodesis. We reviewed all one- or two-level posterolateral lumbar decompression/fusions with or without interbody fusion by five surgeons within 3 years. Patients taking n-3FA preoperatively were matched 1:2 with controls based on procedure, surgeon and operative time. Patients with abnormal coagulation parameters, known bleeding disorders or other medications that could affect surgical blood loss were excluded. Twenty-eight patients met inclusion criteria. The n-3FA and control groups were similar with respect to gender, age, body mass index, operative time, and preoperative use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The n-3FAs were stopped an average of 5.2 days before surgery (range 1-10). Mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 697 ml in the n-3FA group and 771 ml in the control group (p = 0.36). Mean transfused volume of Cell Saver (CS) was 282 ml in the n-3FA group and 321 ml in the control group (p = 0.30). A post hoc power analysis showed that the study was powered to detect a minimum difference of 105 ml for EBL and 50 ml for CS. The multivariate generalized estimating equation did not show a significant difference between groups for EBL or CS (p = 0.35 and p = 0.29, respectively). Secondary outcomes including drop in postoperative hemoglobin, transfusion requirement, complications and surgical drain output were similar between the two groups. The n-3FA use did not contribute to higher perioperative blood loss during spinal arthrodesis.

Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on endothelial function: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ObjectiveInverse association was reported between omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) supplementation and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Identifying the effect of omega-3 FAs on endothelial function may contribute to explain the association. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effect of omega-3 FAs supplementation on endothelial function, as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIV). MethodsRandomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from the databases of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library by two investigators and the pooled effects were measured by weighted mean difference (WMD), together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to explore the source of between-study heterogeneity. ResultsTotally 16 eligible studies involving 901 participants were finally included in meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, omega-3 FAs supplementation significantly increased FMD by 2.30% (95% CI: 0.89–3.72%, P=0.001), at a dose ranging from 0.45 to 4.5g/d over a median of 56days. Subgroup analyses suggested that the effect of omega-3 FAs on FMD might be modified by the health status of the participants or the dose of supplementation. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the protective effect of omega-3 on endothelial function was robust. No significant change in EIV was observed after omega-3 FAs supplementation (WMD: 0.57%; 95% CI: −0.88 to 2.01%; P=0.442). ConclusionSupplementation of omega-3 fatty acids significantly improves the endothelial function without affecting endothelium-independent dilation.

Effects of omega-3 supplementation in combination with diet and exercise on weight loss and body composition

In addition to the metabolic and cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, several studies have suggested an added weight loss-enhancing benefit to this supplement. The objective was to assess whether supplemental omega-3 fatty acids in conjunction with diet and exercise augment weight loss over a 6-mo period. In a single-institution, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, 128 individuals with a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) between 26 and 40 were assigned to receive 5 omega-3 [3.0 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at a 5:1 ratio (EPA:DHA)] or placebo capsules daily in conjunction with lifestyle modification. The primary endpoint was weight loss; secondary endpoints included metabolic and psychometric variables. Analyses were by intention-to-treat. Overweight and obese individuals were assigned to the omega-3 arm (n = 64) or to the placebo arm (n = 64). Subjects in both arms received dietary and exercise counseling. Eighty-one individuals completed the 24-wk study, and the dropout rate was 27%. Subjects in both arms lost an average of >5% of their body weight. No significant differences in weight loss were observed between the omega-3 (-5.2 kg; 95% CI: -6.0, -4.4 kg) and placebo (-5.8 kg; 95% CI: -6.7, -5.1 kg) arms. The absolute mean (±SEM) change difference was 0.61 ± 0.58 kg (P = 0.29). In addition, no significant differences in the other factors assessed were observed. Omega-3 fatty acids were not effective as an adjunct for weight loss in this otherwise healthy, overweight population.

ERRATUM

Erratum : Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation effects on weight and appetite in patients with Alzheimer's disease: The omega-3 Alzheimer's disease study (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2009) 57 (11-17))

178: Effect of omega-3 supplementation on plasma fatty acid levels

178: Effect of omega-3 supplementation on plasma fatty acid levels

Behavioral Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Young Adults with Severe Autism: An Open Label Study

Pilot findings seem to suggest a potential beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation on behavioral alterations in children with autism. However, data on the potential benefits of omega-3 supplements in young adults with severe autism are lacking. In the present study, we sought to explore this issue in an open label study. Nineteen young adults with severe autism (CARS >40), aged 18-40 years, received two fish oil capsules per day [0.93 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus 5 mg of vitamin E to avoid lipid peroxidation] for 6 weeks. Subjects were assessed with an ad hoc caregiver questionnaire, the Rossago Behavioral Checklist, for the assessment of behavioral anomalies. No significant improvements were observed with regard to the severity and frequency of problematic behaviors either during the active treatment period or during the post-treatment 6-week observation period. Moreover, no effect on the number of episodes and severity of behavior aberrations was observed. Our negative findings do not point toward a major effect of omega-3 FA supplementation on behavioral abnormalities in adults with severe autism. Further studies on larger sample sizes are warranted to shed more light on this important issue.

Omega 3

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids that are crucial components of plasma membrane phospholipids. They influence cell structure and function and have anti-thrombotic and anti-arrhythmic properties, thus potentially exerting a favourable action on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. However, the supposed beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids in the management of cardiovascular risk has been evaluated only in a relatively small number of interventional studies, with results that are not consistent and are only suggestive of a putative beneficial effect of omega-3 supplementation on the prevention of cardiovascular mortality. Benefits have been reported mainly for the prevention of sudden death in patients with recent myocardial infarction and for primary and secondary prevention of nonfatal cardiac events in populations with high fish intake. Therefore, only ongoing trials will provide definitive data to elucidate whether omega-3 fatty acids could represent a new therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease.

Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication.

Omega-3 fatty acids are established as being effective in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. It is possible that they may also benefit people with peripheral arterial disease, since the pathogenesis of the two conditions is similar. To determine the effects of omega-3 supplementation in people with intermittent claudication. Trials were identified from the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group trials register (last searched April 2004), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (last searched Issue 1, 2004). In addition, literature from pharmaceutical companies (Roche Pharmaceuticals and Seven Seas), manufacturers of omega-3 rich foods (Columbus Eggs) and web sites of nutritional organisations dedicated to omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-3 information and the Fish Foundation) were searched. Randomised controlled trials of omega-3 fatty acids versus placebo or non-omega-3 fatty acids in people with intermittent claudication. One reviewer (TS) identified potential trials, assessed study quality and extracted data. The other reviewer (WH) assessed study quality and checked data extraction. Four studies were included involving a total of 203 participants. The overall methodological quality of studies was good. All studies compared omega-3 fatty acid supplementation with placebo. Two studies used an omega-6 fatty acid as the placebo preparation, one used a monounsaturated fatty acid and one used a combination of omega-6 and monounsaturated fatty acids.Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced triglyceride levels (weighted mean difference (WMD) -0.66 mmol/litre; 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.24 to -0.09) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD -1.94 mmHg; 95% CI -3.58 to -0.29) in the treatment group, but increased total cholesterol levels (WMD 0.41 mmol/litre; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.80) and LDL cholesterol levels (WMD 0.43 mmol/litre; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.74). Gastrointestinal side-effects were observed in one study. No significant changes were observed in pain-free walking distance (WMD -17 m; 95% CI -51 to 17 m), maximal walking distance (WMD -21 m; 95% CI -59 to 17 m) or ankle brachial pressure index (WMD -0.03; 95% CI -0.1 to 0.04). Omega-3 fatty acids appear to have some beneficial biochemical and haemodynamic effects in people with intermittent claudication but there is no evidence of improved clinical outcomes. It should be noted that no consistent effect on primary outcome measures was detected. Further research is needed in this area, to evaluate short- and long-term effects on more clinically relevant outcomes.