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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content Research Articles

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872 Articles

Published in last 50 years

Related Topics

  • Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content
  • Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content
  • Total Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
  • Total Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
  • Docosahexaenoic Acid Content
  • Docosahexaenoic Acid Content
  • Ω-3 Fatty Acids
  • Ω-3 Fatty Acids
  • High Omega-3
  • High Omega-3
  • Omega-3 Acids
  • Omega-3 Acids
  • PUFA Content
  • PUFA Content
  • DHA Content
  • DHA Content

Articles published on Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content

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Comparative Analysis of Omega-3, Omega-6, and Endocannabinoid Content of Human, Cattle, Goat, and Formula Milk.

Human milk is the primary source of infant nutrition, although breastfeeding rates are declining today, and human milk is often replaced by animal milk-based infant formula. Infant formula is intended to replicate the composition of human milk, albeit significant differences remain in the physiological responses to breastfeeding and formula feeding in offspring. More research is needed on the composition of human milk and other milk types, especially regarding their lipid content. A comparative analysis of different milk samples was carried out in this study. The amount of omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and endocannabinoids was measured in human, cattle, and goat milk as well as in goat milk- and cow milk-based infant formulas using chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Significant differences between the human and animal milks were observed in the case of omega-6 fatty acid and endocannabinoid content, with higher omega-6 fatty acid and lower endocannabinoid levels in human milk than in animal milk samples and infant formulas. Goat milk shares the highest similarity to human milk in terms of the analyzed lipid species. However, our results indicate that the levels of the examined bioactive lipid species in human milk failed to be replaced by goat milk- and cow milk-derived infant formulas.

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  • Journal IconFoods (Basel, Switzerland)
  • Publication Date IconMay 17, 2025
  • Author Icon Renáta Csatári-Kovács + 2
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Climate-Driven Deoxygenation of Lakes Alters the Nutrient-Toxin Profile of a Food Fish.

Climate change is rapidly altering fisheries supporting aquatic ecosystems. The implications for food security depend not only on harvest biomass but also concentrations of nutrients and toxins in fish. Using brook trout from Adirondack lakes (New York, USA), we tested whether ongoing lake deoxygenation trends will affect fish muscle omega-3 fatty acids, selenium, and mercury concentrations. Across space (16 lakes: 1 year) and time (6 years: 1 lake), anoxia decreased selenium and was associated with elevated fish mercury, with no effect on omega-3 content. Because selenium may mitigate some end points of mercury toxicity, highly variable Se:Hg molar ratios (0.70-35.79) in neighboring lakes may have health risk implications. For fish consumers, ongoing lake deoxygenation under climate change could potentially reduce selenium intake while enhancing mercury exposure. Simultaneous alteration of beneficial compounds and toxins by environmental change complicates the development of fish consumption advisories to safeguard public health in a warming world.

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  • Journal IconEnvironmental science & technology
  • Publication Date IconMay 7, 2025
  • Author Icon Stephen F Jane + 14
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Characterization of Rugulopteryx okamurae algae: A source of bioactive peptides, omega-3 fatty acids, and volatile compounds.

Characterization of Rugulopteryx okamurae algae: A source of bioactive peptides, omega-3 fatty acids, and volatile compounds.

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  • Journal IconFood chemistry
  • Publication Date IconMay 1, 2025
  • Author Icon Fernando Rivero-Pino + 10
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Enhancing Global Nutrition: Biofortifying Oilseed Crops for Sustainable Health

A major global health issue is malnutrition, which is characterized as a deficiency of necessary nutrients such as minerals and vitamins. A long-term answer to this issue is biofortification, which involves enhancing the nutritional value of foods by genetic engineering, plant breeding, and agronomic practices. Because of their high fat, protein, and vital nutrient levels, oil seed crops including soybean, canola, sunflower, olive, safflower, and sesame are vital to human diets and have a significant potential for biofortification. By biofortifying these crops, major nutritional deficiencies in iron, zinc, mega 3 fatty acids and vitamin A comma D, E can be tackled, strengthening public health outcomes, particularly in undernourished areas. For instance, canola varieties that have been biofortified to enhance lysine, carotenoids, and fatty acid content were developed. Micronutrient problems may be resolved with the use of transgenic safflower that has elevated omega-3 content and olive oil enhanced with selenium. Technological developments such as nutrient priming and gene editing have produced transgenic cultivars that have better nutrient profiles, standing their nutritional value and possibly offering health advantages. Oil seed crop biofortification has the potential to greatly enhance nutritional intake and reduce malnutrition globally, especially in low-income countries. Global food security and health outcomes will be improved by biofortification strategies enhanced by improvements to critical technology and precision agriculture. Biofortification is an innovation agricultural approach that not only provide a better, more nutrient dense food supply for future generations, but also give a long-term solution to hunger.

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  • Journal IconPlant Bulletin
  • Publication Date IconApr 28, 2025
  • Author Icon Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa + 13
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Consumer perceptions of hemp-fed aquaculture

Global demand for seafood has increased significantly in recent decades and is projected to continue rising. Aquaculture production has increased in the United States and globally to meet this demand, offering a relatively sustainable supplement to wild fish supplies. However, increased production further strains natural populations of pelagic species used to make fishmeal and fish oil into feedstocks, raising production costs and introducing safety concerns associated with fish consumption. A potential alternative feed ingredient is hemp, which can provide a cost-effective and nutritious feed for carnivorous fish. Moreover, hemp could meet the requirements for the final product to carry a “High Omega” claim. This study uses a discrete choice experiment to elicit consumer preferences for hemp-fed fish using different parts of the hemp plant as treatment groups. Respondents were prompted to select from salmon products varying in feed type, omega-3 concentration, and price. Results from this survey indicated a positive preference for both the hemp-fed and high omega attributes and an even stronger positive preference for products that carried both attributes.

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  • Journal IconAquaculture Economics & Management
  • Publication Date IconApr 6, 2025
  • Author Icon Jillian Hyink + 7
Open Access Icon Open Access
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Effects of seal oil supplementation on lipid profile biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Effects of seal oil supplementation on lipid profile biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

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  • Journal IconProstaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids
  • Publication Date IconApr 1, 2025
  • Author Icon Mariano Gallo Ruelas + 6
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Effects of a flaxseed and pea matrix on in vitro ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, and methane emissions.

The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of feeding a rumen-protected matrix of fat and protein from flaxseed and peas (LinPRO-R, LIN; approximately 21% fat, 24% CP, and 10.07% omega-3 FA; % of DM) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, and methane emissions, in vitro. Treatments were: 0 (0P), 2.5 (2.5P), 5 (5P), and 7.5% (7.5P) of DM inclusion of LIN, with LIN replacing portions of dried distiller's grains and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids in the diet to maintain similar levels of CP and EE. In Experiment 1, 3 independent runs with 4 replicates per treatment were used, and 0.5 g of each TMR (16% CP, 33% NDF, 28% starch, 4.2% EE; as % of DM) was incubated in buffered ruminal content for 24 and 48 h, for a total of 6 runs, in glass serum bottles. Gas pressure was measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 h to estimate total gas and methane productions in the headspace and VFA and lactate concentrations in the fermentation liquid phase. Furthermore, OM degradation was measured at 24 and 48 h after bottles were opened. For Experiment 2, twice daily, 53 g of DM of the same treatments was provided to each fermenter. The treatments were arranged in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square using 8 fermenters. Four 10-d experimental periods (7 d adaptation and 3 d sample collection) were done. Samples were collected from fermenter effluents at 3, 6, 9, and 24 h after morning feeding and composited to determine lactate and VFA concentrations and nutrient degradation. Experiment 1 data was analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS where treatment was a fixed effect and run was a random effect. Experiment 2 data were analyzed similarly, with square, fermenter within square, period, and the fermenter by treatment interaction being random effects. For Experiment 1 with increasing LIN, total gas volume and methane produced per g of OM degraded decreased linearly, whereas lactate concentration and OM degradability linearly increased. There was no effect of LIN inclusion level on any VFA proportion. For Experiment 2 Butyrate and isobutyrate proportions linearly decreased, and NDF degradation quadratically increased, with increasing inclusion of LIN. There were no differences for any other VFA proportions, the total concentration of all VFA, lactate concentration, or the degradation of DM, OM, or CP. Thus, inclusion of LIN, with its higher concentration of omega-3, can occur without impairing ruminal fermentation and nutrient degradation, and alters the fermentation profile to reduce total gas volume and methane produced per g of OM degraded as well as favor other VFA rather than butyrate or isobutyrate and increasing fiber degradation.

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  • Journal IconJournal of dairy science
  • Publication Date IconApr 1, 2025
  • Author Icon J.R Vinyard + 13
Open Access Icon Open Access
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Effects of Humic Acid and Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Calcareous Soil

Flax is one of the earliest plants that humans have domesticated. Due to its high omega-3 and fatty acid content, its cultivation and consumption have increased as a healthy oil resource. It was tested in the fields of Qaladza city, Sulaimani governorate, Iraq, during the growing season of 2022–2023. Four different amounts of humic acid (0, 50, 100, and 150 kgHA ha-1) and four different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha-1) were used to see how they affected the flax variety Thorshansity 72, which is a cultivar from Poland. Results indicated that from a nutritional point of view, humic acid and nitrogen are two critical elements in plant growth. There were significant differences in the plant height, number of fruiting branches, and number of capsules per plant based on the humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer rates. Differences were also observed in the number of seeds per capsule and seed yield. There were also differences in the nutrients found in the soil, shoots, and roots, and the amount of oil in the seeds of a flax plant.

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  • Journal IconYüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
  • Publication Date IconMar 31, 2025
  • Author Icon Azad Abdullah + 3
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Optimizing linseed yield potential through morpho-phenological trait alignment using KNO₃, humic acid, and sulphur under irrigation scheduling

Linseed is a dual-purpose crop valued for its flax, oil, and rich content of dietary fiber, protein, and Omega-3 fatty acids, with significant demand in industries like paint and medicine. Optimizing morphological and phenological growth through effective irrigation scheduling, along with seed priming using KNO₃, humic acid, and sulphur, is essential for enhancing yield potential, especially under water scarcity. Therefore, this study was conducted at the Research Farm of Lovely Professional University during the Rabi season of 2022-23 and 2023-24. To achieve the goal a comprehensive approach was used to align the morpho-phenological traits of linseed mediated by irrigation schedule, seed priming with potassium nitrate, humic acid as a foliar, and sulphur as a soil amendment. Combinations of these treatments were arranged in a Split Plot Design and replicated thrice with one variety of LC 2063. Results obtained from the study indicated that the application of potassium nitrate and humic acid with two irrigations at critical stages was recorded as statistically significant (p=0.05) for the plant height (73.3and 76.6 cm), fresh weight (24 and 25.3 g/plant), dry matter accumulation (6.3 and 6.7 g/plant), leaf area (298 and 316 cm2 /plant), leaf area index (0.66 and 0.75), crop growth rate (119 and 123 mg/m2 /day), relative growth rate (0.063 and 0.056 g/g /day) net assimilation rate (329 and 259 g/m2/day at 90 DAS), test weight (6.9 and 7.5 g) grain yield (12.5 and 13.3 q/ha) and total chlorophyll content (3.1 and 3.0 mg/g at 45 DAS). Overall, this study confirmed the significance of the treatment combination in aligning the morpho-physiological traits and enhancing the partitioning of carbohydrates thus test weight and grain yield improved which underscores a positive sign of yield potential.

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  • Journal IconResearch on Crops
  • Publication Date IconMar 24, 2025
  • Author Icon Gumpi Kabak + 1
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Eco-Friendly Extraction and Formulation of Black Sea Shark Liver Oil-Based Emulgel for Anti-Inflammatory and Healing Dermatocosmetic Applications.

This study explores the eco-friendly extraction and formulation of emulgels based on Black Sea shark liver oil for their potential anti-inflammatory and wound healing dermatocosmetic applications. Two emulgel formulations were prepared: Gel 1, containing shark liver oil, and Gel 2, combining shark liver oil with borage oil. The eco-friendly extraction of shark liver oil was performed, yielding a high content of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (16.68 ± 0.28 mg/g %) and docosahexaenoic acid (18.14 ± 0.31 mg/g %). Physicochemical evaluations of the emulgels revealed excellent stability over time, with small variations in pH, viscosity, and spreadability, confirming their robustness. Rheological analysis demonstrated pseudoplastic behavior for both formulations, with Gel 2 exhibiting a more favorable flow and consistency index (K = 34.11, n = 0.28) compared to Gel 1 (K = 32.73, n = 0.29). The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using two experimental edema models: 10% kaolin suspension and 6% dextran solution. Both emulgels demonstrated significant edema reduction, with Gel 2 showing a more potent anti-inflammatory effect. The wound healing effect was assessed in vivo, revealing that Gel 2 accelerated wound closure and hair restoration, outperforming Gel 1 and the reference diclofenac gel. These results suggest that Black Sea shark liver oil-based emulgels, especially borage oil formulation, offer promising eco-friendly alternatives for dermatocosmetic applications, with enhanced anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.

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  • Journal IconGels (Basel, Switzerland)
  • Publication Date IconMar 21, 2025
  • Author Icon Sorinel Marius Neacșu + 10
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Improving Meat Quality, Safety and Sustainability in Monogastric Livestock with Algae Feed Additives.

Integrating algae (microalgae and seaweeds) into monogastric animal diets presents significant opportunities to improve meat quality, safety, and sustainability. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the nutritional and bioactive compounds found in key microalgae (e.g., Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina, and Nannochloropsis) and seaweeds (e.g., Ascophyllum nodosum, Ulva), emphasizing their potential benefits for animal health and meat production. Algae-enriched diets substantially increase meat omega-3 fatty acid content and antioxidant capacity, thereby enhancing nutritional value, sensory appeal, and shelf life by mitigating lipid and protein oxidation during storage. Additionally, bioactive compounds in algae demonstrate potent antimicrobial activities capable of reducing pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter, significantly contributing to improved meat safety. Environmentally, algae cultivation reduces dependency on arable land and freshwater, promotes nutrient recycling through wastewater use, and substantially decreases greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional livestock feeds. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including high production costs, scalability concerns, variability in nutrient composition, potential contamination with heavy metals and other toxins, and regulatory constraints. Overcoming these limitations through advancements in cultivation technologies, optimized inclusion strategies, and comprehensive market and regulatory analyses is essential to fully realize the potential of algae in sustainable monogastric livestock feeding systems.

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  • Journal IconFoods (Basel, Switzerland)
  • Publication Date IconMar 16, 2025
  • Author Icon José A M Prates
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Exogenous enzyme pretreatment improves utilization of high-carbohydrate diets in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth, digestibility, fillet quality, and gene expression.

Exogenous enzymes are used to enhance ingredient digestibility, overall fish growth, and feed utilization; however, different administration methods have not been extensively studied. In this study, a mixture of carbohydrases (α-amylase, cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucanase) was applied before (at B3, B6, B12, and B24 hours), during (D), or after (A) the production of high-carbohydrate diets (33% carbohydrates) to assess their effects on the growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. The enzymes were added to the diets at the minimum required levels, determined by a reducing sugar test with dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) based on the available wheat flour and soybean meal in the diet. Seven isoenergetic (21 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (40%) diets were formulated and fed to fish (n = 210, 17.41 ± 1.76 g) for 8 weeks. Overall growth parameters improved in the B6 and B3 groups, which also showed the lowest FCR values (0.84 and 0.85, respectively) and significantly higher weight gain, PER, and SGR compared to the other treatments. The apparent digestibility of protein, lipid, ash, and dry matter was significantly enhanced in the B3 group. Additionally, DHA and omega-3 fatty acid content increased in B3 (p < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed in fillet contents of EPA and ARA (arachidonic acid) between treatments (p > 0.05). The pretreatment of ingredients (B3 and B6) likely induced a protein-sparing effect, as indicated by higher PER and increased amino acid retention in the fillets (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher metabolizable energy and glucose levels led to significant upregulation of the ghrelin hormone (GHRL), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) genes in the B3 and B6 treatments (p < 0.05). In conclusion, pretreatment of ingredients (soybean meal and wheat flour) with optimized multienzyme doses improved digestibility and activated regulatory genes, resulting in enhanced growth, feed utilization, and fillet quality in high-carbohydrate diets for rainbowtrout.

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  • Journal IconFish physiology and biochemistry
  • Publication Date IconMar 5, 2025
  • Author Icon Aref Heshmati + 3
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Variation in Linseed Oil Composition: Impact of Cultivar, Cultivation System, and Year of Cultivation.

Linseed oil quality depends on cultivar and agriculture practice/conditions. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the main variable, which was continuous cropping system vs. crop rotation system. The aim of this study was to compare the oil content and composition (fatty acid composition and sterol, tocochromanol, carotenoid, and phenolic contents) of two fiber-type linseed cultivars (Modran and Nike). All measurements were performed according to standard chromatographic/spectrophotometric procedures typical for oil analysis. The factors that affected the crop yield and oil quality of the tested cultivars included the cultivation system (crop rotation or continuous cropping), plant protection level (herbicide application or no herbicide application), and year of cultivation (2018 and 2019). The cultivars exhibited high oil content (35.4-42.7%) with substantial omega-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid) content (53.6-62.2% of total fatty acids). The primary bioactive components in all the oils were sterols (dominated by β-sitosterol), with their content reaching 5079 mg/kg, and tocochromanols, with their content reaching 679 mg/kg (dominated by γ-tocopherol), which was influenced by all of the studied factors. In contrast, carotenoids and phenolic compounds constituted a smaller fraction of the oils (up to 17 and 159 mg/kg, respectively), but their content was the most variable and was strongly dependent on the cultivation year and cultivation system (CV 21 and 37%, respectively). In summary, the results of the current study showed that continuous linseed cropping resulted in increased levels of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and γ-tocopherol in oil. Our findings indicated that the oil content was mostly affected by the cultivar and cultivation year, while the α-linolenic acid content in the oil was also affected by plant protection practices. These findings may be helpful in predicting the composition of obtained linseed oil and applying proper cultivation technology, depending on the purpose of oil usage.

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  • Journal IconMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)
  • Publication Date IconFeb 14, 2025
  • Author Icon Grzegorz Dąbrowski + 7
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Characterization of Key Odorants in Hemp Seed Oil Extracted from the Hemp Seeds Roasted Under Various Conditions

Hemp seed oil is nutritious. Besides cannabinoids, it has a higher Omega-3 fatty acid content, making it an ideal and healthy edible oil. Roasting is a key factor affecting the flavor of hemp seed oil. In this study, solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) was used to analyze the volatile compounds of hemp seed oil after the hemp seeds were roasted at different temperatures (120 °C, 140 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C). α-pinene, (1S)-(1)-β-pinene, myrcene, and (E)-β-ocimene, which are typical odorants for herbs and fresh flavors, had an active odor value (OAV) ≥ 1. The sweet, nutty, and toasty flavors became more pronounced as the temperature increased. 2-pentylfuran provided the caramel flavor, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, and 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine provided the toasty flavor. The combination of sensory evaluation and data analysis was effective in differentiating the odors of hemp seed oil extracted at different temperatures. Reconstitution and deletion experiments showed that these odorants could mimic the overall aroma profile. This article provides a theoretical basis for the effect of over-roasting on the flavor of hemp seed oil.

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  • Journal IconProcesses
  • Publication Date IconFeb 13, 2025
  • Author Icon Yuchen Bai + 3
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Seasonal variation of fatty acid compositions in freshwater crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823)

This study aims to determine the fatty acid composition of Pontastacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 crayfish living in Cernek Lake in Bafra Fish Lakes in four seasons. The study was carried out over a period of one year. The crayfish used in the study were randomly sampled from their natural habitat at legal catch sizes. It was found that there was no difference in saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations among autumn/summer and spring/winter seasons, but there was a difference (p < 0.05) among autumn/winter and spring/summer seasons. It was found that there was a difference (p < 0.05) between the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (⅀MUFA) in the spring and summer seasons. While the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (⅀PUFA) showed similar characteristics in the summer and autumn seasons, it was found that the concentrations were different in the other seasons (p < 0.05). It was also found that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations were lowest in spring and highest in summer, and the annual mean was 13.16 ± 1.10. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations were highest in winter and the annual mean was 6.79 ± 0.33. EPA+DHA concentrations were highest in the summer season and the annual mean was 19.96 ± 1.26. Omega-3 (ω-3) concentrations were highest in spring and lowest in autumn. In addition, the average annual ⅀Omega 3 (ω-3) concentration was 25.05 ± 4.62. ⅀Omega 6 (ω-6) concentrations were highest in winter and lowest in summer, and the annual general average was 18.60 ± 2.12. The annual average of ⅀ω-3/⅀ω-6 ratios was 1.36 ± 0.33. Based on the results of this study, these crayfish are an important source of (ω-3) fatty acids. This investigation will have a beneficial impact on the local market and potential aquaculture activities.

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  • Journal IconJournal of Freshwater Ecology
  • Publication Date IconFeb 10, 2025
  • Author Icon Gülşen Uzun Gören
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Unlocking the Power of Eggs: Nutritional Insights, Bioactive Compounds, and the Advantages of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Enriched Varieties

This study explores the nutritional benefits and health implications of omega-3- and omega-6-enriched eggs, positioning them within the context of functional foods aimed at improving public health outcomes. With rising consumer interest in nutritionally fortified foods, omega-enriched eggs have emerged as a viable source of essential fatty acids, offering potential benefits for cardiovascular health, inflammation reduction, and cognitive function. This research examines enrichment techniques, particularly dietary modifications for laying hens, such as the inclusion of flaxseed and algae, to enhance omega-3 content and balance the omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio in eggs. The findings indicate that enriched eggs provide significantly higher levels of essential fatty acids and bioactive compounds than conventional eggs, aligning with dietary needs in populations with limited access to traditional omega-3 sources like fish. This study further addresses consumer perception challenges, regulatory constraints, and environmental considerations related to sustainable production practices. The conclusions underscore the value of omega-enriched eggs as a functional food that aligns with health-conscious dietary trends and recommend ongoing research to refine enrichment methods and expand market accessibility.

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  • Journal IconAgriculture
  • Publication Date IconJan 23, 2025
  • Author Icon Marius Giorgi Usturoi + 6
Open Access Icon Open Access
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Storage Stability and Antioxidant Properties of Vegetable and Marine Lecithin Liposomes Loaded with Sea Cucumber (Holothuria forskali) and Musky Octopus (Eledone moschata) Protein Hydrolysates

This study is aimed at comparing how the lipid composition of lecithins from vegetable and marine sources affects the properties and storage stability of liposomes and at evaluating their capacity to encapsulate two protein hydrolysates derived from undervalued marine invertebrates. The particle properties (size, polydispersity index or PDI, and ζ potential), thermal properties, in vitro antioxidant properties, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory capacity of liposomes produced from soybean, sunflower, and herring roe lecithin were compared. All lecithins exhibited a high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content (52.7 − 59.18%); however, for the marine-derived lecithin, rich in long chain ω-3 fatty acids, a partial purification process of phospholipids was required to obtain a stable liposomal dispersion. Mean particle sizes of 212 nm, 130 nm, and 96 nm were obtained for sunflower lecithin (LSun), soy lecithin (LSoy), and partially purified marine lecithin (LMarP) liposomes, respectively, all with electronegative zeta potential. Two protein hydrolysates obtained from sea cucumber and musky octopus protein concentrates were successfully encapsulated in liposomes prepared with the respective lecithins and then characterised. The hydrolysates provided liposomes with high ACE-inhibitory capacity; however, antioxidant properties were highly dependent on the lecithin source. Unloaded and loaded liposomes presented high colloidal stability during 4 weeks of chilled storage. Finally, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to summarise and interpret the results. Liposomes derived from marine phospholipids offer a nutritious alternative, due to their long-chain omega-3 fatty acid content, high biological activity, and favourable structural attributes.

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  • Journal IconFood and Bioprocess Technology
  • Publication Date IconJan 18, 2025
  • Author Icon C Pascual-Silva + 3
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Enhancing Food Security via selecting Superior Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) parents: a positive approach incorporating pheno-morphological traits, fatty acids composition, and Tocopherols Content

BackgroundPreserving plant genetic resources is essential for tackling global food security challenges. Effectively meeting future agricultural demands requires comprehensive and efficient assessments of genetic diversity in breeding programs and germplasm from gene banks. This research investigated the diversity of pheno-morphological traits, along with the fatty acid and tocopherol content and composition, in 135 double haploid lines of camelina.ResultsThe number of sub-branches, siliques number of main-branch and sub-branch, and seeds number in siliques of the main-branch displayed notable coefficients of variation with values of 33.19%, 30.32%, 29.23%, and 23.81% respectively. Within the current investigation, the measurements of height, sub-branch number, and thousand seed weight varied from 53.50 to 86.50 cm, 3.50 to 14, and 0.73 to 1.52 g, respectively. The analysis unveiled that the average content of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids in the examined lines was approximately 33%, 20%, and 17%, respectively. The total tocopherol content varied between 675 and 877 ppm, predominantly consisting of gamma-tocopherol, which accounted for over 95% of the total content. The fatty acid C18:2 displayed a markedly strong positive correlation with alpha-tocopherol (0.99**), while C18:3 exhibited positive correlations with gamma-tocopherol (0.98**) and total tocopherol (0.98**). Furthermore, a positive correlation was evident between C20:1 and delta-tocopherol (0.98**). The scrutinized lines, specifically lines 35, 72, 94, and 126 demonstrated notable attributes regarding yield and yield components. Conversely, in the realm of biochemical traits, lines 35, 66, 47, 30, 65, 135, 83, 27, 4, 77, 62, 81, and 93 stood out for their elevated potential. The gene expression analysis related to the tocopherol biosynthesis pathway revealed distinct expression patterns. Specifically, the VTE1 gene exhibited the highest level of expression. In contrast, the VTE3 gene displayed the lowest level of expression compared to other genes.ConclusionsThe study’s findings hold great potential for improving food security by enabling the selection of superior camelina parent plants based on specific traits. This approach can drive the development of high-yielding varieties with enhanced nutritional value and better-quality camelina oil.

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  • Journal IconBMC Plant Biology
  • Publication Date IconJan 14, 2025
  • Author Icon Amin Ebrahimi + 3
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Optimization of perilla seed oil extraction using supercritical CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

This work studied the extraction of perilla oil from perilla seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide, which is valued for its high omega-3 content. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the optimum conditions of perilla oil extraction at pressures of 200, 225, and 250 bar and temperatures of 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. The fatty acid composition was also investigated. The optimal condition was obtained at 60°C under a pressure of 218 bar. Under this extraction condition, the predicted measures of oil yield (%), acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, total phenolic content, DPPH (IC50), ABTS (IC50), and tocopherol were: 37.00%, 1.22 mg KOH/g, 0.94 mEq O2/kg, 205.00 g I2/100 g, 196.90 mg KOH/g, 12.14 mg GAE/100 g, 10.93 mg/mL, 154.86 mg/mL, and 604.58 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, gas chromatography analysis indicated that perilla seed oil was primarily composed of linolenic acid (56.94–58.02%), with a total polyunsaturated fatty acid content of 75.49–76.47%, while saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids constituted 10.53–11.11% and 13.00–13.52% of the total fatty acids, respectively.

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  • Journal IconQuality Assurance and Safety of Crops &amp; Foods
  • Publication Date IconJan 7, 2025
  • Author Icon Suwajee Pothinam + 2
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Impact of microwave processing and high-pressure processing on omega-3 fatty acid-enriched snack of microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp)–cocoa balls

Abstract This study investigates the development of a functional snack, Nannochloropsis sp (NSP)–cocoa balls, enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, utilising two advanced processing methods: microwave processing and high-pressure processing (HPP). The primary objective was to assess the efficiency of these techniques in preserving nutritional value, particularly omega-3 content, while maintaining desirable sensory qualities over a 12-day storage period. Microwave processing was found to partially retain omega-3 fatty acids but resulted in increased firmness and faster oxidation due to moisture loss during heating. In contrast, HPP effectively preserved omega-3 content and maintained the original texture and sensory appeal of the NSP–cocoa balls. The even distribution of omega-3 fatty acids in HPP-treated samples enhanced their resistance to oxidation, contributing to greater stability. Sensory evaluations identified the HPP-treated cocoa balls, specifically those prepared using Recipe 4, as the most preferred for their texture and superior nutritional profile. Furthermore, food safety analyses confirmed the safety of these snacks for consumption throughout the storage period. This comprehensive study highlights HPP as a superior processing method for developing functional foods that balance nutrient preservation with sensory quality, offering a promising approach for creating health-focused, shelf-stable snacks.

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  • Journal IconInternational Journal of Food Science and Technology
  • Publication Date IconJan 6, 2025
  • Author Icon Tong Luo + 5
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