The high-oleic acid content of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil, regulated by the fatty acid desaturase 2-1 (CtFAD2-1) gene, provides superior oxidative stability for applications. To explore alternative genetic sources for this trait, we employed induced mutagenesis with gamma irradiation and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) for two safflower cultivars, AKS 207 and PKV Pink. Screening of M2 populations identified several mutants with significantly higher oleic acid content, reaching up to 36.86%. The mutagenized populations also exhibited a wide spectrum of variation for other agronomically important traits, including increased oil content (up to 35.19%), enhanced seed protein (up to 22.51%), and seed size and weight. Correlation and principal component analyses confirmed the antagonistic relationship between oleic and polyunsaturated fatty acids and the positive association among seed size parameters. Molecular profiling using an allele-specific PCR assay targeting the CtFAD2-1 locus revealed that high-oleic mutants did not carry known mutations, suggesting the involvement of alternative alleles, micro-mutations, or other genes regulating oleic acid accumulation. This study provides valuable pre-breeding germplasm with improved agronomic and quality traits and identifies novel genetic sources for high-oleic acid in safflower. These mutants form a new genetic basis for understanding fatty acid biosynthesis and developing next-generation high-stability oil cultivars.

Conventional soybean oil contains high levels of linoleic acid, which reduces oxidative stability and necessitates hydrogenation, leading to trans-fat formation. In this study, 40 Indian soybean genotypes were screened for fatty acid composition, and Gujarat Junagadh Soybean-3 (GJS-3) was selected for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the fatty acid desaturase-2 (FAD2) gene. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation produced 22 regenerated plants, of which 57.1% were PCR-positive for Cas9/sgRNA. Targeted single-nucleotide substitutions were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in three edited lines (T3, T7, and T15), corresponding to an editing efficiency of 13.63%. These lines exhibited a marked increase in oleic acid content (42–45%) compared with the wild type (22%) and a concomitant reduction in linoleic acid (30–32% vs. 54%), resulting in nearly a two-fold improvement in the oleic/linoleic acid ratio. PCR analysis confirmed the absence of Cas9 and U3 sequences, indicating transgene-free edited plants. This study provides the first evidence of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated FAD2 editing in an Indian soybean cultivar and demonstrates its effectiveness in improving oil quality, oxidative stability, and processing efficiency.

Pecan, native to the United States and Mexico, has attracted growing global interest as a health-promoting food, particularly in Argentina, where the province of Catamarca stands out for its favorable agroclimatic conditions. This study evaluated the yield and nut quality of eight pecan cultivars (‘Stuart’, ‘Pawnee’, ‘Mahan’, ‘Shoshoni’, ‘Western’, ‘Wichita’, ‘Kiowa’, and ‘Desirable’) in the arid region of the Catamarca province, Argentina. Yield, physical traits (nut weight, size, and kernel percentage), external and internal quality, oil content, and fatty acid composition were analyzed. ‘Shoshoni’ was the most productive cultivar, with >17 kg plant-1 accumulated (2018-2024), while ‘Mahan’ showed the highest nut and kernel weight. ‘Wichita’, ‘Pawnee’, and ‘Mahan’ exhibited the highest edible kernel percentages (>55%). Regarding external quality, ‘Wichita’, ‘Pawnee’, and ‘Western’ showed minimal damage. For internal quality, ‘Wichita’, ‘Kiowa’, ‘Western’, and ‘Desirable’ presented the highest percentages of edible kernel (97%). Fatty acid composition varied significantly among cultivars, with ‘Desirable’ showing high oleic acid content, while ‘Western’ and ‘Wichita’ stood out for their linoleic acid content. The results confirm the viability of pecan cultivation in Argentina’s arid regions, highlighting the importance of selecting well-adapted cultivars and implementing proper management practices to optimize nut yield and quality.

This study reports the effective reuse of coffee residues from roasting and brewing processes using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of bioactive compounds. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a significant impact (p < 0.001) on phenolic acid and alkaloid amounts among coffee (green and roasted) and its by-products (silver skin and spent grounds). Furthermore, a linear mixed-effects model identified that, apart from sample type, extraction temperature (50 and 70 °C) and ethanol volume fractions (50 and 70%, v/v) considerably influenced the quantities of bioactive compounds. The best conditions were achieved using 70% (v/v) ethanol at 70 °C. In addition to caffeine and chlorogenic acid, which were found in the highest amounts, the coffee and by-product samples contained high levels of total fibre (20.7–27.8%) and total fat (1.5–12.4%). Fatty acid analysis showed a dominance of oleic acid (7.55–12.7%), palmitic acid (19.3–40.3%), and linoleic acid (15.6–41.8%), with their saturated and unsaturated nature confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The reported data highlight the potential of coffee by-products as high-value sources for bioactive compound recovery.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of the Ginseng and Rhubarb Combination (GRC) on sepsis-induced persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). Methods: The mouse model of sepsis-induced PICS was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mice were randomly assigned to five groups: Sham, Model, Model + GRC, Model + GRC + oleic acid (OA), and Model + GRC + celastrol (CELA). GRC was administered by oral gavage once daily for seven days, whereas the agonists were injected intraperitoneally for three days. Additionally, KN-93 (a CaMKII inhibitor; 5 mg/kg) was used to verify the inhibitory regulation of CaMKII signaling. Seventy-two hours after surgery, serum and tissue samples were collected to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GRC. Outcome measures included survival, body weight, splenic immune cell distribution, histopathology, inflammatory cytokine levels, and ferroptosis-related indicators. Targeted metabolomics and differential proteomic analysis (DIA) based proteomics were performed to identify differential molecules and pathways associated with GRC treatment. Results: Compared to the model group, GRC markedly improved the survival rate and mitigated body weight loss in septic PICS mice. GRC reduced splenic neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and increased the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. Histopathological examination revealed attenuation of organ damage. Levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13) were significantly decreased, and metabolic disturbances were ameliorated. Biochemical assays showed that GRC reduced Fe²⁺ and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while increasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and GPX4, indicating inhibition of ferroptosis. Western blot (WB) analysis demonstrated that GRC downregulated the CaMKII/HO-1 pathway, and this regulatory effect was reversed by CaMKII and HO-1 agonists. Multi-omics analysis further revealed that GRC modulated metabolic and proteomic networks associated with immune regulation and ferroptosis, confirming that its therapeutic benefits were mediated through suppression of the CaMKII/HO-1/GPX4 axis. Conclusions: GRC exhibited significant anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and organ-protective effects in the murine model of sepsis-induced PICS. These benefits were mediated through the suppression of ferroptosis via modulation of the CaMKII/HO-1 pathway, providing a novel experimental foundation and a potential therapeutic strategy for managing sepsis-associated PICS.

Oleic acid (OA)-enriched diet significantly enhances CD36 expression and promotes milk fat production in the mammary gland. However, the mechanisms by which OA upregulates this process are unknown. Here, GC-MS analysis and molecular docking were used to assess OA-CD36 binding, while gene expression and ChIP assays clarified the OA-mediated regulation of CD36 and milk fat synthesis. The results showed that CD36 is highly expressed in the lactating mammary tissues of dairy cows and positively regulates milk fat production. OA enters dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via direct binding to CD36. OA stimulation elevates the CD36 expression and translocation. ChIP assays confirmed CD36 as a target gene of NRF2. OA also enhances NRF2 expression and nuclear translocation, which in turn upregulates CD36 expression and function. This study elucidates the NRF2-CD36 axis as a regulator of OA-driven milk fat synthesis in mammary tissue, offering practical value for dairy industry nutritional strategies.

Design and evaluation of diacerein-loaded oleoliposome dry-powder inhalation nano-formulation for targeted anti-inflammatory therapy in COPD.

Classifying fat-taste sensitivity with repeated threshold testing and an additive-free emulsion: stability and association with PROP bitterness.

Bidirectional improvement in characteristic aroma and anti-digestibility of taro puree via precise addition.

Proanthocyanidins from Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating lipid metabolism via AMPK/SREBP-1c signalling pathway.

Development of pH-controlled emulsive liquid-liquid microextraction for pyrethroid pesticide analysis in environmental and food samples.

Using the hydrolysate of Chinese medicine residues as nutrient source improves the performance of oil-producing algae: Phenomena and mechanistic elucidation.

Luteolin ameliorates skin lipid hypersecretion, inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro.

Osteocyte differentiation requires glucose metabolism, but mature osteocytes display metabolic flexibility.

Tuning the chemical and textural properties of Ni-Pt MFI zeolite catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid

Effect of introduced mesopore in TON zeolite on isomerization of oleic acid

Size tuneability of highly efficient li-rich cathode materials using an emulsion-based synthesis route.

Exploring the effect of cumin seeds (cuminum cyminum L.) on flavor and lipid oxidation of roasted mutton patties.

Study on the lubrication mechanism of oleic acid diethanolamide/graphite composite lubricant in water-based drilling fluid

β-Sitosterol extends lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans via multi-omics analysis of longevity, neuronal, and immune pathways.