Oleander Research Articles

Intoxicação por Nerium oleander em bovinos: uso de imuno-histoquímica para troponina C como método de diagnóstico auxiliar

ABSTRACT: Nerium oleander, also known as “espirradeira” in Brazil, is a shrub or small tree widely used as an ornamental plant in temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Ingestion of N. oleander can cause intoxication due to the presence of cardioactive glycosides, in both humans and animals. This study aims to report the epidemiological, clinical, postmortem, and immunohistochemical features of an outbreak of natural intoxication by N. oleander in cattle and the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for troponin C, for the first time, in this intoxication in the species. Twenty-eight cattle had access to pruned branches of N. oleander and 20 animals started presenting clinical signs of apathy, anorexia, ataxia, tachypnea, tremors, and recumbency ten hours after the consumption. Eight cattle progressed to death 48 hours after the clinical progression and one was submitted for necropsy. Macroscopic findings included petechiae and ecchymosis on the epicardium and endocardium. Histologically, there were multifocal areas of necrosis of individual or multiple cardiomyocytes, mainly in the left ventricular papillary muscle. Immunohistochemistry for troponin C revealed decrease or absence of cytoplasmic immunolabeling in necrotic cardiomyocytes. Although intoxication by N. oleander is uncommon in cattle, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for other conditions that cause sudden or acute death in livestock and IHC for troponin C is an auxiliary tool in the identification of peracute and acute cardiac lesions.

Avaliação de extratos de Nerium oleander contra adultos de Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

ABSTRACT The Samsum (black) ant, Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Formicidae; Hymenoptera) is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and it is also the most common species of the family in southern Arabia. Samsum ant is very invasive and economically damaging and has become a big problem in Saudi Arabia and other distribution countries due to their aggressive nature, severe stings, and harm to agriculture, natural ecosystems, and human health. The physicochemical properties and varied effects against insect pests make plant extracts a potential alternative in the development of pesticides. In this study, the Nerium oleander leaves extract toxicity effects against P. sennaarensis adults. Exposure of P. sennaarensis adult to the oleander leaf extracts produced 96.7% mortality in the insecticidal bioassay, especially at 40% concentration. The mortality % ranged from 3.3-96.7% after 48hrs. The mortality percentage of the Samsum ant adults decreased by increasing exposure periods. The mortality % was highly negatively correlated with exposure times (R= - 0.80 to - 0.94; P = 0001) at 40 to 10% concentrations, respectively. The overall results of the current study suggest that the leaf extract of N. oleander may possess potential insecticidal properties, which could potentially be employed in pest management. The GC-MS investigation uncovered that N. oleander leaf extracts numerous bioactive compounds associated with plant secondary metabolites with their retention time (RT), and peak area %. We conclude that the N. oleander leaf extracts have the potential to be useful in managing insect pests, particularly Samsum ants, but that they must be handled and applied with extreme caution.

ISSN: 2454-3055 Efficacy of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extract and Selenium against Nerium indicum Induced Toxicity in the Kidney of Wistar Rats

ISSN: 2454-3055 Efficacy of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extract and Selenium against Nerium indicum Induced Toxicity in the Kidney of Wistar Rats

Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Nerium indicum in Chronic Unpredictable Stress Induced Depression

Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Nerium indicum in Chronic Unpredictable Stress Induced Depression

Evaluation of air quality through various bioparameters near Valankulam lake, Coimbatore

Road and bridge construction close to lakes generates a lot of dust, which pollutes the air in that area. This is about the negative effects of vegetation activities. Some have the tolerance capacity, while others do not, leading to adverse effects. The study focuses on the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of trees near Valankulam Lake in Coimbatore. Physiological and biochemical factors were employed to determine the APTI. The leaves of 19 trees were collected for the study and tested for ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll concentration, leaf pH, and relative water content. Albizzia lebbeck was found to have the highest tolerance value (88.81), followed by Ficus religiosa, Bougainvillaea spectabilis, Nerium oleander, Ricinus communis, Thevetia peruviana, Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica. Tectona grandis (8.01) is the most vulnerable to pollution, followed by Pongamia pinnata, Vitex negundo and Tecoma stans. According to the findings, the tolerant species can serve as a source, while the sensitive plants serve as a signal of pollution.

Effect Concentration of Water Extract of Nerium oleander and Juglans nigra L. Allelopathy on Seed Germination and Radicle Length of (Silybum marianum)

An experiment was done to determine the allelopathic effects of Juglans nigra L. and Nerium oleander on the germination and radicle length of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum). The experiment was designed according to a completely randomized design (CRD). In this experiment, leaf-, hull-, and root extracts in two concentrations control, 5 and 10g L-1 was utilized. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber with a temperature of 15 C0. After storing the seeds for 14 days, many characteristics were examined, including radicle length cm and germination rate percent. Concentrations of walnut and oleander extract had a substantial impact on every parameter under investigation. The results showed that the (T1) control treatment had the greatest germination and radicle length which were 70% and 20.08, respectively, compared with other treatments. A 10g L-1 extract concentration was used to measure the minimum values for two of the aforementioned parameters. It was found that (Juglans nigra L.) and Nerium oleander %10 extracts inhibit the growth of Silybum marianum and can be utilized to manage it in the field. However, more studies are needed to confirm the results.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Studies of Some Yemeni Medicinal Plants against Selected Common Human Pathogenic Bacteria

In traditional medicine, medicinal plants are often used to treat a wide range of infectious diseases in humans. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemicals contained in thirteen parts of six Yemeni medicinal plants: Artemisia Judaica, Ficus carica L., Nerium oleander L., Olea europaea, Santolina chamaecyparissus L. and Withania somnifera and to investigate the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of methanol extracts from the aerial part of the selected plants against S. saprophyticus, Salmonella and E. coli in vitro. Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures and the antibacterial activity of different extracts of each plant was studied by agar well diffusion method. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, essential oils, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids. The occurrence of phytochemicals varied from plant to plant. Tannins and phenols were found in all samples, while all other test samples contained at least five of the phytochemicals tested. Almost all extracts were able to inhibit the growth of the bacterial strains, with the exception of the species S. saprophyticus, which was resistant to the methanolic extracts of A. judaica and F. carica L. However, the methanol extract (0.1 g/ml) of S. chamaecyparissus L. and O. europaea showed the largest zone of inhibition (35 mm and 20 mm, respectively) against S. saprophyticus. This is the first report on the antibacterial activity of S. chamaecyparissus L. species against S. saprophyticus. Conclusions: The present screening result shows that the methanol extract of the tested traditional Yemeni medicinal plants exhibits potent antibacterial activity, and the studied plants may represent a new source for the discovery of novel antibacterial compounds for the treatment of drug-resistant human pathogens.

EFFECT OF AUTOMOBILE RELATED LEAD POLLUTION ON SPATIO-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES ALONG ROADSIDE VEGETATION

This research was carried out for the phyto-monitoring of pollution to check the effect of Pb2+ pollution on the spatio-temporal distribution of biochemical attributes resulting along Motorway M-2 and G.T. road Kharian to Taxila. The result showed that maximum decrease of total soluble sugars in Nerium oleander (0.023 mg/g F.wt) along M-2 and Calotropis procera (0.042 mg/g F.wt) along N-5, total free amino acid in Datura alba (0.501 mg/g F.wt) and Cenchrus ciliaris (0.62 mg/g F.wt) and total soluble proteins in Cenchrus ciliaris (3.91 mg/g F.wt) and Ricinus communis (0.73 mg/g F.wt) due to high concentration of Pb2+ (2.05-1.33 mg/kg dry wt.) along roadside. Findings may have their application as bio-indicators to perceive the occurrence of atmospheric pollutants on plants for identification and prediction of environmental hazards.

Survey of the Beneficial Flowers Available in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India

The flora of an area is considered a vital part of the environment, regulating the prosperity of the biosphere and people's health. It is highly suggested that the proper utilization of plant resources in each part of a country has been useful in conserving the availability and productivity of the flora. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the survey of the beneficial flowers available in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India, from December 2019 to February 2020. The survey studies were divided into four different zones in Coimbatore District: Perur, Ganapathy, Thudiyalur, and Periyanaickenpalayam, respectively. The survey resulted in the collection of 40 plant species belonging to 38 genera, dispersed over 25 families of flowering plants / angiosperms. The dominant families were Apocynaceae and Oleaceae when compared to other families. This study reveals that species such as Calotropis gigantean, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Couroupita guianensis, Nerium oleander, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Nelumbo nucifera, and Tabernaemontana divaricata were used as ritual flowers. The beneficial flowers showed a maximum for ornamental flowers (43 percent), followed by ritual flowers (35 percent), medicinal flowers (15 percent), and cooking flowers (7 percent), respectively. The highest blooming of the flowers (14.89 percent) occurred in March, and the lowest in November and December. Flowers were documented as having economic value, with the highest rate in Rosa sp., and Jasminum sp., which were used as ornamental, medicinal, and cosmetic preparations as valuable resources. Scientific key information on taxonomy and technical approaches to beneficial flowers was analyzed. Flowers play a vital role in human life from birth to death and are used in all auspicious events in India, especially in daily prayers in temples and Indian households.

Therapeutic and Anticancer Properties of Nerium oleander– A Poison as Medicine

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease and ranks among the most pressing health concerns faced by humans and requires a proactive treatment approach. Plants are a rich source of compounds and offer a promising avenue for cancer research. Chemotherapy has so far been effective, but it comes with some very unpleasant side effects. Nerium oleander, an evergreen plant cultivated throughout the world, has many metabolites, including cardiac glycosides, phenols, saponins and terpenoids. The plant and its derivatives have been an essential component of traditional medicine for treating several ailments from the beginning of time, notably cancer, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and cardiac disease. However, the scientific community has not gone much further into the information. This review aims to understand the therapeutic applications of N. oleander, focusing on cancer. The leaf extract, anvirzel and PBI-05204 has entered clinical trials and other derivates like oleandrin and breast in are still under in-vitro and in-vivo studies. In order to combat cancer, the plant operates on several cancer-related signaling pathways, including the Akt mTOR downstream pathway.

Accidental fatal poisoning in a child due to ingestion of Nerium oleander leaf.

Nerium oleander is an ornamental plant that belongs to the family Apocynaceae. It contains a cardiac glycoside named oleandrin, which is present in all parts of the oleander plant. Suicidal and medication-related deaths due to Nerium oleander poisoning are not uncommon. However, accidental deaths due to oleander leaf ingestion are most commonly encountered. We are reporting a case of an accidental ingestion of Nerium oleander leaf in a child by mistaking it for a guava leaf. The child presented to the casualty with vomiting, poor sensorium, hypotension, and shock. The child developed hyperkalemia, acute kidney injury, myocardial dysfunction, and bleeding manifestations. The urine output was decreased (< 0.5ml/kg/h). Later, the child died after 36h. On autopsy examination, periorbital puffiness and bluish discoloration of the nail beds were present. Petechial hemorrhages were present in the heart, kidney, and mesentery. The stomach mucosa was hemorrhagic. Histopathologically, the lung showed interstitial congestion, the liver showed centrilobular necrosis, and the kidney showed acute tubular necrosis. Toxicology analysis was positive for oleander poisoning. This case highlights the toxic nature of Nerium oleander ingestion and the importance of avoiding such plants around residential areas.

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Profile of Karavira (Nerium indicum Mill.) Roots with Reference to its Change after Shodhana (Purification Process as per Classics)

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Profile of Karavira (Nerium indicum Mill.) Roots with Reference to its Change after Shodhana (Purification Process as per Classics)

Effectiveness Evaluation of Leaves Nerium oleander Extract on the Viability of Protoscolices: In vitro

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a type of taeniid tapeworm, present in the small intestine of its primary hosts, including dogs and occasionally in other carnivores. The larval stage of E. granulosus causes cystic hydatidosis in humans and livestock. Although most hydatid cysts are found in the liver and lungs, the disease can occur anywhere in the body. Therefore, Hydatidosis remains a problem and causes significant economic losses in animals. Methods: A study was performed to evaluate the activity of the leaves Nerium oleander extract on the viability of protoscolices. We used three graduated concentrations of extract (10, 30 and 50 mg/ml). 2 ml of the protoscolices suspension (containing at least 2700 protoscolices) was placed in test tubes using a Pasteur pipette. Then, 2 ml of various concentrations of the Nerium oleander extract were added to each test tube and mixed gently, incubated at 37°C for 5, 10, 20 and 30 min. One control group was kept that contain normal saline. The viability of protoscolices was evaluated by eosin method where, protoscolices suspension was mixed with 0.1% eosin for 5 minutes. The dead protoscolices absorb eosin and becomes red, whereas the live protoscolices remains colorless. Before drawing the conclusion, each experiment was performed thrice. Result: The analysis of phytochemicals by FT-IR for alcoholic extracts of Nerium oleander extracts revealed the presence of 12 effective chemical ingredients. Nerium oleander extract showed the strongest scolicidal effect (85.6, 92.3%) after 20 and 30 min at a concentration of 50 mg/ml, respectively moderately (69.3%) after 30 min at 30 mg/ml and lowest (41.9%) after 30 min at 10 mg/ml. Microscopic examinations of dead protoscolices showed distortion of their morphology and degenerative effects. These effects were characterized by loss of hooks, or presence of free hooks and dissolution and rupture of the protoscolices wall. It can be concluded from this study that ethanol extract of Nerium oleander is effective against Protoscolies in vitro.

Phytoremediation efficacy of Nerium oleander L. for removal of Cd, Ni, and Pb- contaminated soil

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Nerium oleander L. in phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)- contaminated soil. This evaluation included the application of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and a nutrient solution containing NPK. The results revealed that the inclusion of EDTA and NPK, in combination with varying metal concentrations, significantly increased the dry weight of the plants. The results demonstrated that oleander, when aided by EDTA and NPK, exhibited a high capacity to efficiently absorb and accumulate Pb without any amendments. The addition of EDTA increased Pb concentrations in both aerial parts and roots (84.9 mg kg-1 and 80.2 mg kg-1, respectively). For Nickel, in the presence of NPK, the concentration in roots was 80,2 mg kg-1. Cd accumulation was highest in the treatment with 100 mg kg-1 EDTA, reaching 72.9 mg kg-1 in the aerial parts. Particularly, NPK reduced Ni levels in aerial parts, while EDTA enhanced root metal uptake. The Translocation Factor (TF) was greater than 1 for Cd and Ni treatments, indicating oleander's remarkable ability to absorb and accumulate these heavy elements. The treatment involving Pb50+EDTA displayed the highest Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) value at 1.7. Furthermore, for Pb50, Ni50 and Cd50, the NPK treatment exhibited the highest Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) values, ranging from 0.3 to 1.69. Nerium oleander L. exhibits promise for both Ni phytoextraction and Cd and Pb phytostabilization, suggesting its potential as an effective phytoremediation agent. Future research should focus on optimizing metal uptake conditions and investigating long-term plant health and soil impacts to refine sustainable strategies for mitigating metal pollution in contaminated environments.

Evaluation of the Insecticidal Activity of Nerium oleander L. against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera)

Background: The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera) is a pest of worldwide distribution and can cause destructive damage to stored grains. The physicochemical properties and varied effects against insect pests make plant extracts a potential alternative in the development of pesticides. Methods: In this study, we assayed the oleander leaf extract toxicity effects against T. castaneum adults in the laboratory. We used four concentrations of Oleander methanol leaf extract. Result: Exposure of T. castaneum adult to the oleander leaf extracts produced 100% mortality in the insecticidal bioassay, especially at 40% concentration. The mortality % ranged from 13.3-100% after 48hrs. The mortality percentage of the red flour beetle adults decreased by increasing exposure periods. The mortality % was highly negatively correlated with exposure times (R= -0.97, P =.0001; R= -0.80 and P=.0001) at 40 and 20% concentrations, respectively. The overall results of the current study suggest that the leaf extract of Nerium oleander may possess potential insecticidal properties, which could potentially be employed in pest management. The infrared analysis of the oleander leaf extract showed many bioactive components associated with plant secondary metabolites; some of these identified phytochemical compounds have biological activity. Further, the phenol and flavonoid total were estimated. We conclude that the oleander leaf extract has the potential to be useful in managing stored grain insect pests, particularly T. castaneum, but that it must be handled and applied with extreme caution.

Comparative study of antifungal potential of various extracts of leaves of Carissa carandas Linn., Nerium oleander Linn. and Allamanda cathartica Linn. against human fungal pathogen Candida albicans

Comparative study of antifungal potential of various extracts of leaves of Carissa carandas Linn., Nerium oleander Linn. and Allamanda cathartica Linn. against human fungal pathogen Candida albicans

Plant &amp; its Bioactive Components Uses in Cardio-Potential Diseases: A Sectional Study for Different Herbs

Thirty percent of all deaths that occur each year can be attributed to heart disease, stroke, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. The World Health Organisation (WHO) predicts that by the year 2030, the annual death toll from cardiovascular diseases will have increased to 22.2 million, up from the present annual total of 17.9 million. Mortality rates tend to go up in populations as they get older. The chance of dying from cardiovascular disease is significantly higher for females (51%) than it is for males (42%). The majority of people treat and prevent cardiovascular disease by using plant-based medications (also known as phytochemicals), either in addition to or in instead of pharmaceuticals that are readily available on the market. In this study, the efficacy of treating cardiovascular illness is evaluated using 92 different plants, including 15 terrestrial plants. A number of different medicinal herbs, including Daucus carota, Nerium oleander, Amaranthus Viridis, Ginkgo biloba, Terminalia arjuna, Picrorhiza kurroa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tinospora cordifolia, Mucuna pruriens, Hydrocotyle asiatica, Bombax ceiba, and Andrographis paniculate, are utilised to treat cardiovascular disease. There are a variety of active phytochemicals found in these plants, some of which include flavonoids, polyphenols, plant sterols, plant sulphur compounds, and terpenoids. Flavonoids, in general, are known to increase vasodilation by inhibiting the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Plant sterols reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood, which in turn protects against cardiovascular disease. Plant sulphur compounds protect against cardiovascular disease in addition to their role in the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the inhibition of cholesterol formation. The incidence of cardiovascular disease can be reduced by increasing the synthesis of ATP in mitochondria, and terpenoids can diminish atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic valve. Even though several physiologically active compounds with acknowledged biological functions have been found in a wide variety of plants, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease continues to rise, making it imperative that effective CVD prevention and treatment strategies be developed. More research is required to understand both the mechanism and the individual phytochemicals in plants that treat CVD.&#x0D; GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT &#x0D;

Nematicidal activity of various aqueous extracts against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne chitwoodi)

In this study, twelve aqueous extracts were assessed for their effects on egg hatching, mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne chitwoodi in vitro and growth chamber in 2020-2021. The mortality of the J2s increased with increasing exposure time and concentration with all extracts. Maximum mortality was observed in 10% extracts of Anethum graveolens (100%), Eruca sativa (100%), Vitex agnus-castus (98%), Asphodelus aestivus (96.4%), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (95.6%) after 24 hours and minimum mortality was found in 1% extracts of Laurus nobilis (6.6%) after 6 hours. Maximum suppression of hatching was found at 64.2%, 61.0%, and 59.4% with extract of A. aestivus, Nerium oleander, V. agnus-castus after 7 days, respectively. The pot experiments showed that gall index was the lowest in soils treated with Ficus carica, N. oleander, Zingiber officinale, and L. nobilis. The chemical composition of four aqueous extracts was analysed by using GC-MS, and the main components of L. nobilis, E. camaldulensis, F. carica, and N. oleander were identified as eucalyptol, 2-methoxy-6,10-dimethyl-dodeca-2E,6Z,10Z-trienoic acid, 12-acetoxy-, and dihydroedulan II. The study confirms the potential of mainly L. nobilis, E. camaldulensis, F. carica, and N. oleander extracts for the formulation of new products for controlling M. chitwoodi.

Effectiveness of Foliar Applications of Plant Extracts on Pomegranate Plantlets

An attempt was taken to control initial growth of pomegranate plantlets by application of plant extracts as foliar spray under field circumstances. A modified preparation of ‘Dashparni extract’, was developed using leaf extracts of Vitex negundo, Aristolochia sp., Carica papaya, Tinospora cordifolia, Annona squamosa, Pongamia pinnata, Ricinus communis, Nerium indicum, Calotropis procera, Green chilli paste, Garlic paste applied to regulate growth and development of pomegranate saplings. The Dashaparni extract proved to be more effective than all other tests conducted as well as control (distilled water spray). The extract boosted overall growth of plantlets and disease resistance.

Efficiency of cold aqueous and alcoholic extract of Nerium oleander L. flowers. In the control of the sunn insect Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) Eurygaster maura ( Geoffroy) on the wheat crop in Babylon Governorate

The study aimed to know the effect of cold aqueous and alcoholic extract of oleander flowers. Nerium oleander L. on adults and nymphs of Sunnite. The results of the study showed the superiority of the alcoholic extract compared to the aqueous extract, where the alcoholic extract gave the highest death rate of 83.3% at a concentration of 30 mg/ml during 5 days compared to the aqueous extract, which gave a death rate of 80.0% at a concentration of 30 mg/ml during the same period for adults. The results also showed the effect of both alcoholic and aqueous extract on the second nymphal stage, as it gave the highest mortality rate of 100.0 at a concentration of 30 mg/ml during 1 day. As for the effect of the extracts on the fourth nymphal phase, both alcoholic and aqueous extracts gave the highest mortality rate of 100.0% during the 7 days for both extracts. Keywords: sunn insect, wheat, oleander