Properties Of Oil Research Articles

Study of the co-pyrolysis behavior and bio-oil characterization of walnut shell and polyethylene by thermogravimetric analyzer and bubbling fluidized bed

In the present work, co-pyrolysis experiments of walnut shell (WS), polyethylene (PE) and their blends were performed in the thermogravimetric analyzer and lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor, to clarify co-pyrolysis behaviors, synergy interactions and pyrolysis oil properties. Besides, the HZSM-5 zeolite was used as the catalyst and its catalytic characteristics were studied. Results indicated that as PE mass ratio rose from 0 to 100 %, the initial temperature monotonically increased from 265.4 to 417.3 °C, while its terminal temperature progressively decreased from 668.3 to 527.5 °C, suggesting that the addition of PE was able to accelerate the pyrolysis of samples. The co-pyrolysis of blends was distinguished into three stages, with a negative interaction observed in the first stage and positive interactions found in second and third stages. Besides, in the bubbling fluidized bed experiments, the liquid phase product yield first elevated and then reduced with rising temperature, and a high temperature promoted the degradation of oxygen-containing compounds and enhanced aromatics generation. The synergistic interaction in the co-pyrolysis of WS and PE declined the liquid phase product yield while elevating the gas phase product yield. On the other hand, blending with PE facilitated the generation of alkanes and olefins, while inhibiting the contents of oxygen-containing components and aromatics, and simultaneously, the heavy oil fraction was increased. Finally, the carbon deposited on the surface of catalysts was amorphous carbons, and could be removed by oxidation process, whereas its catalytic properties progressively declined with rising cycle number, leading to a downtrend of aromatics and olefins and an opposite trend for oxygen-containing components.

Synthesis of a novel carboxymethyl chitosan-silver - ginger nanocomposite, characterization, and antimicrobial efficacy

Over 70 % of bacterial infections are resistant to one or more of the antibiotics are generally used to eliminate infections. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), ginger oil, and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) are among the materials and the green natural products that possess antimicrobial properties. In this study, combinations of the medicinal properties of CMC, AgNPs, and ginger oil were put together in one product via the synthesis of CMC-Ag-Ginger-nanocomposite. To increase the miscibility of ginger oil -used in the synthesis-, different surfactants were applied to the synthesis aqueous medium. Thus, the nanocomposite synthesized in such way assumed a new method. In addition, the nanocomposite produced using ginger oil, silver nitrate, CMC, and surfactants assumed a new nanocomposite synthesized for the first time in this research work. The Optimum reaction conditions that brought the highest AgNPs absorbance and the formation of CMC-Ag-Ginger-nanocomposite were studied. For better miscibility of ginger oil, glycerin, Tween 80, or Egyptol were applied to the synthesis aqueous medium. AgNPs obtained were evaluated by the absorbance of the nanocomposite colloidal solution. Optimum conditions: 0.5 % (w/v) Egyptol, 0.01M AgNO3, 0.5 % (w/v) ginger oil, 3 % (w/v) carboxymethyl chitosan, 95°C for 3h. A decrease in N % of CMC-Ag-G-nanocomposite (3.04 %) compared with N % of CMC (4.03 %) confirmed the formation of the nanocomposite. TEM showed spherical shape AgNPs with size range of 8–35 nm, whereas highest count % was 12–25 nm. SAED of AgNPs exhibited ring patterns with bright spots displaying polycrystallinity which agreed with XRD. SEM of CMC-Ag-G-nanocomposite showed porous structure and well distribution of AgNPs within CMC polymer. TGA showed that CMC-Ag-G-nanocomposite is more thermally stable than CMC. CMC-Ag-G-nanocomposite showed higher antibacterial efficacy against S. Aureus and E. coli and higher antimicrobial efficacy against Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans compared to CMC. These findings render the newly prepared nanocomposite suitable for medical and other applications.

Effect of early harvest on the aroma compounds and bioactive properties of natural olive oils

Effect of early harvest on the aroma compounds and bioactive properties of natural olive oils

Fatty Acid Profile and Physicochemical Properties of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Extracted at Different Temperatures.

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is a tropical plant native to India. It is widespread throughout the southern hemisphere, with great adaptability to high temperatures and water scarcity. Its seeds have a great amount of oil with a high content of oleic acid, quite similar to olive oil. Therefore, this study is focused on the extraction of oil from moringa seeds via an automatic screw press extractor at different temperatures (70, 100, 130, 160, 190, and 220 °C) and on the analysis of its acidity, acid value, peroxide value (PV), saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), optical properties, and fatty acids profile. The results showed that the oil yield was 19 ± 3% regardless of the temperature applied. The oil was stable from the oxidative point of view, with a high acidity. Temperature extraction did not significantly affect the SV and the IV. However, the extraction temperature should be below 190 °C to obtain a translucent and luminous oil with light yellow tones. The oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid (ω9) (up to 77.8%) and linolenic acid (ω3) (3.4%). On the other hand, behenic (7%), palmitic (6%), stearic (5%), and arachidic (0.2%) were the dominant saturated acids. The good properties of moringa oil make it a good, sustainable alternative to vegetable oils.

Qualifying interfacial properties of crude oil−water system with the synergistic action of a nano Gemini ionic liquid and conventional surfactants

Surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) have gained much attention due to their green, stable, and efficient properties. The high costs associated with SAILs have raised concerns in their applications; however, blending with conventional surfactants like sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) can bring about desired outcomes. Gemini surface-active ionic liquids (GSAILs) have been recognized as more efficient surfactants. Accordingly, this study investigates the influence of a mixture of an imidazolium-based GSAIL, [C4im-C6-imC4][Br2], and SDBS on different aspects of crude oil−water interfacial properties. The findings show remarkable synergy in interfacial tension (IFT) reduction up to 98.8% together with incredibly low IFT value of 0.05 mN m−1. This was with an optimal GSAIL mole fraction of 0.2 in the mixture. Further, the surfactant mixture gives synergies of 52.6% in emulsification and 51.8% in wettability of a quartz surface. These amazing results can be explained by the dominant interactions between the oppositely charged components. In theoretical study, the adsorption of individual surfactants and their mixtures was analyzed based on the Frumkin isotherm and the Rosen model, respectively, further supporting the findings.

Effect of oil structure on adsorption behavior of emulsifier at the oil-polyol interface and the emulsion features

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oil structure on the dynamic adsorption behavior of emulsifier at the oil-polyol interface and the corresponding emulsion feature. Glycerol was used as the representative polyol, and the emulsifier was Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate (PGPH). Three kinds of alkanes and three kinds of ester oils were chosen for investigation. Firstly, the properties of each oil were studied by measuring surface tension (σ), interfacial tension with glycerol (γ0), and affinity between oils and PGPH. The results indicated that there was little difference in the fundamental characteristics of oils, with the exception of GTCC. Due to its triglyceride structure, GTCC exhibited similar polarity to glycerol, resulting in low interfacial tension and a strong affinity with PGPH. Secondly, the interfacial critical micelle concentration (CMCIFT), saturation adsorption amount (Γ∞), Langmuir constant (κ) and minimum molecular area (Amin) of PGPH were obtained by measuring the dynamic interfacial tension of PGPH adsorption at different oil-glycerol interfaces. The experimental results indicate that for alkanes, the longer the alkane chain length and the more the number of branch chains, the higher the emulsifier Γ∞ at the interface, leading to improved emulsion stability. In ester oils, the greater the affinity between the oil and glycerol, resulting in the lower the initial interfacial tension, a smaller Γ∞ and consequently smaller emulsion particle size. However, this also led to poor emulsion stability. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between oil properties, adsorption parameters and emulsion size and stability. The results indicated that for alkanes, there was a negative correlation between particle size and emulsion stability with surface tension and Γ∞. In ester oils, there was a strong positive correlation between particle size and interfacial tension as well as κ. Additionally, the creaming of emulsions showed a strong negative correlation with interfacial tension and Γ∞.

Phytochemical Investigations, Antioxidant and Insecticidal Properties of Essential Oil and Extracts from the Aerial Parts of Pelargonium graveolens from Morocco.

The essential oil and the aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Pelargonium graveolens cultivated in Morocco were studied for their antioxidant and insecticidal activity against rice weevils (Sitophylus oryzae). The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined by a spectrophotometric method and the phenolic compounds were extensively characterized by HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS. To evaluate antioxidant potential, three in vitro assays were used. In the DPPH test, the ethanolic extract was the most active, followed by the aqueous extract and the essential oil. In the reducing power assay, excellent activity was highlighted for both extracts, while in the Fe2+ chelating activity assay, weak activity was observed for both the essential oil and the ethanolic extract and no activity for the aqueous extract. Concerning insecticide activity, the toxicity of the essential oil and the extracts was tested against rice weevils; the lethal concentrations LC50 and LC99 were determined, as well as the lethal time required for the death of 50% (LT50) and 99% (LT99) of the weevils. The essential oil had the highest activity; 100% mortality of S. oryzae was observed around 5, 9, and 8 days for the essential oil and the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively.

Application of antioxidants in cold plasma treatment of fish oil

As a mild non-thermal treatment technology, cold plasma can lead to lipid oxidation when applied to products with high lipid content. This study focuses on the physical and chemical properties of fish oil with cold plasma treatment and to explore the potential of Curcumin, Tea polyphenols, Vitamin E and β-Carotene in inhibit the oxidation process. Following treatment, the peroxide value and malondialdehyde value of the fish oil significantly increased, while the content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased and the singlet oxygen content rose (p < 0.0 5). However, the introduction of antioxidants during treatment yielded diminished peroxide and malondialdehyde values in the fish oil, thereby effectively curbing the presence of singlet oxygen. Notably, fish oil enriched with vitamin E exhibited the most robust antioxidant activity among the tested compounds. This study offers insights into strategies for enhancing the stability of high-fat foods subjected to cold plasma treatment. Industrial relevanceFish oil has long been essential in the processing of food, pharmaceuticals, and animal feed, making its quality crucial. This study revealed that cold plasma treatment accelerated the oxidation of fish oil; however, the addition of antioxidants effectively mitigated this effect. In industrial settings, cold plasma technology is favored in the food industry for its low-temperature operation and high efficiency in microbial inactivation. Despite these advantages, the reactive species produced during the process can cause lipid peroxidation and alter amino acids in proteins. This research offered critical insights into optimizing process parameters to minimize lipid oxidation. It also lays the groundwork for developing more efficient and safer food processing technologies and offers new approaches to extending the shelf life of fish oil and other lipid-rich foods during cold plasma treatment.

Pulse echo method for characterizing the ultrasonic properties of argan oil compared to vegetable oils with similar fatty acid profiles

Abstract This study investigates the use of a non-destructive ultrasonic pulse-echo method to characterize argan oil and other vegetable oils with similar fatty acid profiles. Ultrasonic parameters such as velocity, acoustic attenuation and reflection coefficient were measured across different temperatures. These parameters were used to create predictive models of ultrasonic velocity using partial least squares regression. Results demonstrated significant correlations between ultrasonic properties, oil temperature and fatty acid content. Specifically, ultrasonic velocity was found to be directly proportional to the content of saturated fatty acids and inversely proportional to the content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The reflection coefficient was also found to correlate with the fatty acid composition and temperature of the oils. Additionally, both ultrasonic velocity and acoustic attenuation decreased as the temperature increased from 25 °C to 50 °C. At 25 °C, the acoustic attenuation for argan oil was 22.37 Np/m, decreasing to 11.37 Np/m at 50 °C. These correlations allowed for the differentiation between food-grade argan oil, argan oil from seeds regurgitated by goats, sesame oil and peanut oil. The developed predictive models exhibited high coefficients of determination, with a value of 97.03 for argan oil, indicating strong agreement between measured and predicted ultrasonic velocities. This research highlights the potential of ultrasonic techniques for oil characterization and quality control.

Online detection of mixed oil interface in multi-product pipeline using near-infrared spectroscopy

To ensure the quality of refined oil products of sequential transportation, it is necessary to monitor and judge the interfaces between pure oils and mixed oil for guiding accurate mixed oil cutting. In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to investigate the change trend of oil concentration and thus judge the interfaces. The methods of standard deviation of continuous spectra, principal component analysis, difference spectrum, and vector angle θ were used to analyze the online oil NIR spectra to detect the interfaces, respectively. The results show that θ of the spectra pretreated by the combination of airPLS and 1st derivative is the best for reflecting the concentration change trend of mixed oil and judging the interfaces. The interface between the forward pure oil and mixed oil can be judged by a fixed θ threshold, and the interface between the rear pure oil and mixed oil can be judged by a fixed first-order derivative value of the five-parameter logistic fitted curve of θ. This method is not affected by the interference and oil composition change of different batches and does not require oil properties and pipeline parameters, thus it has a good prospect in the oil pipeline transportation field.

Impact of CuO nanoparticles on the viscosity and vibration damping characteristics of shock absorber oil

This study investigates the potential of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles as additives to enhance the viscosity and vibration-damping characteristics of shock absorber oil. Shock absorbers play a critical role in vehicle safety and handling by mitigating vibrations from road irregularities. However, their effectiveness deteriorates over time. To address this, CuO nanoparticles were explored for their ability to improve lubricant performance. Nano-lubricants were prepared by dispersing CuO nanoparticles at varying concentrations of 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 1.5 wt% in a base oil using ultrasonication. The novelty of this research lies in the innovative use of CuO nanoparticles to significantly enhance the viscosity and vibration-damping properties of shock absorber oil. The viscosity of these nano-lubricants increased significantly, with the 1 wt% CuO nano-lubricant achieving a 20% increase at 25 °C compared to the base oil, indicating improved load-carrying capacity and potential friction reduction. Vibration damping performance was evaluated using a dedicated shock absorber test rig. The nano-lubricants exhibited reduced overall vibration acceleration compared to plain oil, with a 15% improvement in damping effectiveness at the optimal CuO concentration. However, the transmissibility ratio, a key damping metric, did not show significant variation, suggesting that traditional shock absorber designs might require modifications to fully leverage the benefits of CuO nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate the potential of CuO nanoparticles to enhance the viscosity and damping characteristics of shock absorber oil, leading to improved performance at lower temperatures.

Assessment of Phytochemical Properties of Nigella sativa Seeds Essential Oil and Its Potential Antimicrobial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus in the Context of Safety Profiles and Therapeutic Applications in Neurosurgical Interventions

This comprehensive study explored the phytochemical properties of Nigella sativa L (N. sativa L) seeds essential oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, with a specific focus on its potential compound Thymoquinone (TQ) exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in the context of neurosurgical interventions.The study employs a meticulous methodology, encompassing the preparation of N. sativa essential oil, qualitative phytochemical screening, quantitative GC-MS analysis, and the antimicrobial analysis, employing Disc Diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) evaluations to demonstrate the substantial inhibitory and bactericidal effects against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus}. comprehensive assessment of antimicrobial activity.The qualitative analysis reveals the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids, underscoring the multifaceted pharmacological potential of the essential oil. The quantitative GC-MS analysis provides a detailed breakdown of the chemical composition under different extraction conditions, showcasing the complexity of N. sativa essential oil. The study thoroughly compares the antimicrobial efficacy of N. sativa essential oil with various antibiotics, employing Disc Diffusion, MIC, and MBC analyses. N. sativa demonstrates substantial inhibitory effects, with a 29 mm zone comparable to Gentamycin. The MIC and MBC values align with established antibiotics, indicating similar bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. Despite slightly lower potency than Vancomycin and Methicillin, N. sativa exhibits considerable antimicrobial effectiveness. This study contributes valuable insights into the phytochemical composition of N. sativa seeds essential oil and its potential as an antimicrobial agent in the context of neurosurgical interventions paves the way for future research.

Characterization of Wormhole Growth and Propagation Dynamics during CHOPS Processes by Integrating Rate Transient Analysis and a Pressure-Gradient-Based Sand Failure Criterion in the Presence of Foamy Oil Behavior

Summary Characterization of wormhole growth and propagation dynamics has been made possible with the semi-analytical models developed in this work by integrating both rate transient analysis (RTA) and a pressure-gradient-based (PGB) sand failure criterion in the presence of foamy oil behavior. The nonlinearity caused by the foamy oil properties is linearized using pseudofunctions, while the source function and finite difference methods are applied to obtain the solutions for the linearized models in the matrix and wormhole subsystems, respectively. A sequential method is adopted to solve the coupling fluid-solid problem, where new wormhole segments can be generated once the PGB sand failure criterion has been achieved, while their updated petrophysical properties can be sent back to obtain the solutions for the fluid flow in the next time interval. Furthermore, the influence of sand failure/fluidizing and foamy oil properties on the dynamic wormhole network can be investigated with the generated type curves. Both wormhole growth and foamy oil flow dictate an upward fluid production at the early times, while the production-induced pressure depletion dominates the declining production at the late times. The fractal wormhole networks can be dynamically characterized by history matching the field fluid and sand production profiles. Both the sand failure degree and foamy oil properties dictate the effective wormhole coverage and intensity. Sand production is found to be influenced by both the breakdown pressure gradient and wormhole conductivities, while oil production rate can be dominated by the wormhole coverage and intensity. Foamy oil flow can increase the oil production rate and increase the wormhole coverage compared with the conventional oil. The newly developed method in this work has been validated and then applied at field scale to dynamically characterize the wormhole growth and propagation by considering both the sand failure phenomenon and foamy oil properties within a unified, consistent, and accurate framework. Compared to the conventional numerical simulations, the novelty of such a semi-analytical method can not only allow us to characterize the growth and propagation dynamics of the fractal-like wormholes without the need for grid refinement near the wormhole grids but also take the complex sand failure and foamy oil behavior into account. In addition, it can minimize the impact of grid orientation effects in numerical simulations, enabling the growth and propagation of the wormholes in arbitrary directions rather than orthogonal directions conditioned to the largest pressure gradient.

Physicochemical properties of lard oil and rubber seed oil blends and their comprehensive characterization

Physicochemical properties of lard oil and rubber seed oil blends and their comprehensive characterization

Evaluation of Slope Position for Variable‐Rate Fertilization in Southern Alberta

AbstractSoil properties and crop yield vary with slope position in hummocky landscapes. Slope position is also readily mapped and thus potentially useful for delineating management zones for variable‐rate fertilization (VRF). Slope position was evaluated as a basis for VRF in southern Alberta, Canada. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.

From crude oil to bitumen: Genetic variability in chemistry and its influence on viscoelastic of binders

The chemical composition and properties of bitumen are derived from crude oil, which directly influences its viscoelastic properties. Six different crude oil sources were examined to explore how crude oil characteristics impact bitumen. The bitumen was produced through in-house atmospheric decompression distillation, and aging tests were conducted on these samples. The chemical properties of the crude oils, virgin binders, and aged binders were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, the separation and quantitative analysis of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) in crude oil and bitumen binders were carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (TLC-FID). Sweep tests on binders were conducted using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Master curves were created based on the CAM model and the 2S2P1D model to assess the dynamic viscoelastic properties of bitumen. The grey correlation method was employed to examine how bitumen chemical composition and properties affect its viscoelasticity. Results indicated that crude oil profoundly influences bitumen's chemical composition and properties. The functional group index and component content of bitumen are inherited from crude oil and are closely linked to the corresponding indices of crude oil. The functional group index, SARA, and colloidal stability coefficients of bitumen are intimately connected to the viscoelastic parameters of bitumen. The impact of the functional group index on the viscoelastic parameters is more pronounced than that of SARA content. This insight is crucial for guiding the selection of oil sources in bitumen production processes.

Research on the Effect of Static Pressure on the Rheological Properties of Waxy Crude Oil

In this paper, with the application of a MARS 60 high-pressure rheometer, experimental tests are conducted on Shengli crude oil to test its gel point, viscosity and thixotropy under different static pressures. Consequently, the effect of static pressure on the rheological parameters of waxy crude oil is revealed. It is proven that with the increase in the static pressure, the gel point of Shengli crude oil increases linearly, and the viscosity also gradually increases. The power law equation is employed to describe the relationship between the apparent viscosity and shear rate of Shengli crude oil under different static pressures. With the increase in the static pressure, the consistency coefficient (K) increases linearly, and the rheological index (n) decreases linearly. The relationship between the viscosity of Shengli crude oil and the static pressure and shear rate can be obtained. The Cross thixotropic model is used to describe the thixotropic curve of Shengli crude oil under different static pressures. With the increase in the static pressure, the thixotropic coefficient of consistency (ΔK) and the structure fracture constant (b) increase linearly. This is because a high pressure results in high structure strength and strong non-Newton rheological behavior in gelled crude oil and also causes remarkable structure fracture in crude oil. The results in this paper can provide an important theoretical basis for crude oil production and transportation.

Oil in water emulsion stabilized by glycated rice bran protein aggregates: Effect on interfacial behavior and in vitro digestion of emulsion

To investigate the effect of molecular weight of saccharides and heating time on interfacial behavior of protein, glycated rice bran protein aggregates (gRBPAs) were obtained by incubating rice bran protein (RBP) with glucose (Glu), maltose (Mal) and dextran (Dex) via acid-heat treatment (pH 2.0, 90 °C). Subsequently, the stability and in vitro simulated digestion properties of oil in water (O/W) emulsion stabilized by gRBPAs were analyzed. Structural analysis (circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra) proved that the tertiary structure and secondary structure of RBP changed after glycation, and the contents of β-sheet structure of gRBPAs increased significantly. Besides, the glycation improved the interfacial activity and emulsification of protein obviously. Compared with Glu or Mal, the grafting of Dex could produce larger steric hindrance, which better inhibited the aggregation of emulsion droplets. Furthermore, glycation enhanced the pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity of gRBPAs obviously, and the emulsions stabilized by gRBPAs exhibited higher anti-digestion ability (62.12–75.00%) compared with RBP (95.27%). Moreover, the free fatty acid (FFA) rate of O/W emulsion was closely related to the surface hydrophobicity, degree of glycation, PL inhibitory activity and interfacial behavior of gRBPAs. Therefore, these findings would be enlightening to intuitively tailor the physicochemical stability and digestibility of O/W emulsion system according to heating time and molecular weight of saccharides. Meanwhile, this work would facilitate the application of O/W emulsion stabilized by glycated protein aggregates in functional foods.

Enantiomeric Separation of Triacylglycerols Consisting of Three Different Fatty Acyls and Their Chiral Chromatographic Elution Behavior.

Chromatographic separation of triacylglycerol (TG) enantiomers is a highly challenging task of analytical chemistry because of the similar physicochemical properties. The analysis of chiral TGs is crucial for improving the knowledge of lipid biochemistry and for understanding the nutritional properties of fats and oils. Thus, this study aimed to systematically investigate the chiral resolution of TGs consisting of three different fatty acyls (FAs). Thirty-three asymmetric TG enantiopairs, including 49 synthesized enantiopure TGs and racemic TGs, were analyzed with a recycling chiral HPLC system. Twenty-six enantiopairs were successfully separated. Overall, having both unsaturated and saturated FAs in the outer positions or a difference in carbon chain length between two saturated FAs at the outer positions favored the separation of enantiomers. The retention time at separation correlated negatively with the sn-3 carbon number of the early eluting enantiomer and positively with the carbon number difference between sn-1 and sn-3. When the samples were studied in separate groups based on unsaturation and regioisomers, both the acyl carbon number and the degree of unsaturation of FAs in all three positions influenced the separation and elution behavior of chiral TGs, indicating an active role of both intermolecular interactions and steric hindrances. This is the first systematic study of the chiral separation of TGs consisting of three different FAs using a large number of enantiopairs. The novel findings on the behavior of TG enantiomers in a chiral environment provide important guidance and reference for a stereospecific study of the chemistry and biochemistry of natural lipids.

Electrothermal-Assisted Photothermal Lubrication Surfaces for Continuous Anti-Icing/Deicing in Multiple Low-Temperature Environments.

Solving the problem of ice accumulation on solid surfaces is of great significance to the economic development of the country and the safety of people's lives. In this work, a coating with multifunctional photothermal/electrothermal solid-state lubrication (PEL) for anti-icing/deicing was prepared in layers based on the intrinsic properties of silicone oil and paraffin wax in combination with conductive graphite and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Silicone oils and paraffins are used as lubricating media giving the coating excellent lubricity, which results in a water sliding angle (SA) of only 12° on the PEL surface. Meanwhile, PEL shows favorable static and dynamic ice resistance at low temperatures; at -10 °C, the freezing time of water droplets on the PEL surface is extended by at least 4 times compared to the bare substrate. Furthermore, PEL also offers highly efficient photothermal and electrothermal deicing performance, which can effectively remove the accumulated ice at a light intensity of 0.6 kW/m2 or an EPD of 0.1 W/cm2. Meanwhile, the synergistic deicing mechanism of photothermal and electrothermal was verified at -20 °C. Interestingly, the coating shows heat-assisted healing ability due to the phase change characteristic of paraffin wax, which allows the coating to regain lubricating properties after mechanical abrasion. Therefore, this work provides a reliable way for the design of stable all-weather anti-icing/deicing strategies at low temperatures.