Oil In Mice Research Articles

High-glycemic index carbohydrates abrogate the antiobesity effect of fish oil in mice

Fish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is known to attenuate diet-induced obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in rodents. Here we aimed to investigate whether different carbohydrate sources modulated the antiobesity effects of fish oil. By feeding C57BL/6J mice isocaloric high-fat diets enriched with fish oil for 6 wk, we show that increasing amounts of sucrose in the diets dose-dependently increased energy efficiency and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. Mice receiving fructose had about 50% less WAT mass than mice fed a high fish oil diet supplemented with either glucose or sucrose, indicating that the glucose moiety of sucrose was responsible for the obesity-promoting effect of sucrose. To investigate whether the obesogenic effect of sucrose and glucose was related to stimulation of insulin secretion, we combined fish oil with high and low glycemic index (GI) starches. Mice receiving the fish oil diet containing the low-GI starch had significantly less WAT than mice fed high-GI starch. Moreover, inhibition of insulin secretion by administration of nifedipine significantly reduced WAT mass in mice fed a high-fish oil diet in combination with sucrose. Our data show that the macronutrient composition of the diet modulates the effects of fish oil. Fish oil combined with sucrose, glucose, or high-GI starch promotes obesity, and the reported anti-inflammatory actions of fish oil are abrogated. In conclusion, our data indicate that glycemic control of insulin secretion modulates metabolic effects of fish oil by demonstrating that high-GI carbohydrates attenuate the antiobesity effects of fish oil.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil (Olea europeae L.) in mice

Context: Olive [Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae)] is a long-lived evergreen tree that is widespread in different parts of the world.Objective: Olive oil has been reported to relieve pain; however, there is still insufficient data in the literature on the subject. Thus, it is considered worthwhile investigating the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil in adult male Balb/C mice.Materials and methods: The antinociceptive effects were studied using formalin, hot plate and writhing tests. The acute anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil in mice were studied using xylene ear edema test. Olive oil (1, 5 and 10 ml/kg body wt.) was injected intraperitoneally. Intact animals served as controls.Results: Our results showed that the olive oil only decreased the second phase of formalin-induced pain. In the hot plate test, olive oil did not raise the pain threshold over the 60 min duration of the test. Olive oil exhibited antinociceptive activity against writhing-induced pain by acetic acid. In the xylene ear edema test, olive oil showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the mice.Discussion and conclusion: The present data indicated that olive oil has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice but further investigation of these effects is required to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Olea europaea oil.

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of fenofibrate and fish oil treatments in mice

Elevated circulating triglycerides, which are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, can be targeted by treatment with fenofibrate or fish oil. To gain insight into underlying mechanisms, we carried out a comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis of the effect of 2 wk treatment with fenofibrate and fish oil in mice. Plasma triglycerides were significantly decreased by fenofibrate (-49.1%) and fish oil (-21.8%), whereas plasma cholesterol was increased by fenofibrate (+29.9%) and decreased by fish oil (-32.8%). Levels of various phospholipid species were specifically decreased by fish oil, while levels of Krebs cycle intermediates were increased specifically by fenofibrate. Plasma levels of many amino acids were altered by fenofibrate and to a lesser extent by fish oil. Both fenofibrate and fish oil upregulated genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and downregulated genes involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Significant overlap in gene regulation by fenofibrate and fish oil was observed, reflecting their property as high or low affinity agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, respectively. Fenofibrate specifically downregulated genes involved in complement cascade and inflammatory response. Fish oil specifically downregulated genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis and upregulated genes involved in amino acid and arachidonic acid metabolism. Taken together, the data indicate that despite being similarly potent toward modulating plasma free fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, fish oil causes modest changes in gene expression likely via activation of multiple mechanistic pathways, whereas fenofibrate causes pronounced gene expression changes via a single pathway, reflecting the key difference between nutritional and pharmacological intervention.

Evaluation of central nervous system effects of Citrus limon essential oil in mice

The central nervous system (CNS) depressant and anticonvulsant activities of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, Rutaceae, essential oil (EO) were investigated in animal models. The EO (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) injected by oral route (p.o.) in mice caused a significant decrease in the motor activity of animals when compared with the control group, up to thirty days after the administration and the dose of 150 mg/kg significantly reduced the remaining time of the animals on the Rota-rod apparatus. Additionally, C. limon essential oil was also capable to promote an increase of latency for development of convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). The administration of FLU (10 mg/kg, i.p.), GABA A-benzodiazepine (GABA-BZD) receptor antagonist, antagonized the effect of C. limon essential oil at higher dose. This C. limon essential oil was also capable to promote an increase of latency for development of convulsions induced by picrotoxin (PIC) at higher dose. In the same way, the anticonvulsant effect of the EO was affected by pretreatment with flumazenil, a selective antagonist of benzodiazepine site of GABA A receptor. These results suggest a possible CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities in mice that needs further investigation.

Leishmania amazonensis: Effects of oral treatment with copaiba oil in mice

Leishmaniasis is a severe public-health problem, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Efforts to find new, effective and safe oral agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis have been ongoing for several decades, in order to avoid the problems with the currently used antimonials. In the present study, we found that a copaiba oil oral treatment (Group IV) caused a significant reduction in the average lesion size (1.1±0.4mm) against Leishmania amazonensis lesions compared with untreated mice (Group I) (4.4±1.3mm). To prove the safety of the oil, the toxicity and genotoxicity were also determined. Histopathological evaluation did not reveal changes in the copaiba oil-treated animals compared to the control animals. In the mutagenicity evaluation, (micronucleus test) the dose tested (2000mg/kg) showed no genotoxic effects. Morphological and ultrastructural analyses demonstrated notable changes in parasite cells treated with this oleoresin. The main ultrastructural effect was mitochondrial swelling. We also demonstrated that in vitro copaiba oil treatment of L. amazonensis led to an increase in plasma membrane permeability, and depolarization in the mitochondrial membrane potential in parasite cells. Although the mechanism of action of the oleoresin is still unclear, these findings indicate that copaiba oil is a possible new drug, which would provide a safer, shorter, less-expensive, and more easily administered treatment for leishmaniasis.

Modulation of topical inflammation and visceral nociception by Vanillosmopsis arborea essential oil in mice

Vanillosmopis arborea Baker is a native tree from Chapada do Araripe located in Crato city, state of Ceará, being a potential source of essential oil containing α-bisabolol. The study examined the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the essential oil from Vanillosmopsis arborea bark (EOVA). The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated on acute models of dermatitis induced by Croton oil, arachidonic acid, phenol and capsaicin, respectively, in mouse ear. EOVA was assessed in established mouse models of visceral nociception. Mice were pretreated orally with EOVA, and the pain-related behavioral responses to several noxious agents were analyzed. Similar to dexamethasone and indomethacin, topically applied EOVA potently inhibited the dermatitis. EOVA was effective in all models of visceral nociception. In mustard oil model, the antinociception produced by 200 mg/kg EOVA was found to be L-NAME-, glibenclamide-, ondasetron-, yohimbine and ruthenium red-resistant. Mice showed no significant alterations in either locomotion frequency, indicating that the observed antinociception is not a consequence of motor abnormality. Collectively, the present results suggest that EOVA may be a potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent.

Vascular hyperpermeability in response to inflammatory mustard oil is mediated by Rho kinase in mice systemically exposed to arsenic

The mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease induced by chronic arsenic exposure are not completely understood. We have previously shown that mice chronically fed sodium arsenite are hypersensitive to the permeability-increasing effects of inflammatory mustard oil. The aim of this study was to investigate whether RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK)-mediated vascular leakage (hyperpermeability) is induced by mustard oil in mice systemically exposed to arsenic. Animals were orally fed water (control group) or sodium arsenite for 8 weeks. We compared the blood pressure and microvessel density of the ears between these two groups. Both control and arsenic groups exhibited a similar mean arterial pressure and microvessel density. Microvessel permeability changes that occurred following mustard oil treatment in the presence of Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor, were quantified using the Evans blue (EB) technique and vascular labeling with carbon particles. Both the excessive leakiness of EB and the high density of carbon-labeled microvessels upon stimulation with mustard oil in the arsenic-fed mice were reduced by Y-27632 treatment. However, RhoA and ROCK2 expression levels were similar between control and arsenic-fed mice. We further investigated ROCK2 levels and ROCK activity in the ears following mustard oil challenge. ROCK2 levels in mouse ears treated with mustard oil were higher in the arsenic group as compared with the control group. Following mustard oil application, ROCK activity was significantly higher in the arsenic-fed mice compared with the control mice. These findings indicate that increased ROCK2 levels and enhanced ROCK activity are responsible for mustard oil-induced vascular hyperpermeability in arsenic-fed mice.

ANALGESIC EFFECT OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL IN MICE

Objective: Results obtained from literature reviews and human studies have shown the analgesic effects of clove plant in toothache. The present work was undertake n in order to investigate the possible analgesic effect of clove oil in mice. Materials and Methods : Fifty mice were divided into 5 groups: 1) Saline; 2) Essential oil (Ess) 2%, 3) Ess 5%, 4) Ess10% and 5) Ess 20%. The hot plate test (55±0.2 °C; Cut-off 60 sec) was performed as a base record 15 min before injection of drugs (Saline or 2, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations of Essential oil) and consequently r epeated every 15 minutes after injection. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA test showed that maximal percent effect (MPE) in animal groups treated by 5, 10 and 20% essential oil was s ignificantly higher than saline group. Comparison between 4 treated groups showed that MPE in 10% essential group was higher than 2 and 5% groups however; there was no significant dif ference between 10% and 20% groups. Conclusion: The result of present study showed that clove esse ntial oil has analgesic effect inmice using hot plate test. More investigations are neede d to elucidate the exact mechanism (s).

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae, oil

The oil of the fruits of Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae (OEO), was evaluated in models of inflammation and hyperalgesia in vivo to study its effects on these conditions. The experimental models contained the writhing test in mice, rat paw edema, granuloma test in rats, vascular permeability in rats, cell migration to the peritoneal cavity in rats and ear erythema induced by croton oil in mice. Doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg of OEO were administered orally. The observed number of writhes was inhibited by 33.67, 45.88 and 55.58%, respectively. OEO produced a dose-dependent effect, with linear correlation coefficient R=0.99 (y=0.0219x+23.133), and the median effective dose found was 1226.8 mg/kg. The oral administration of 1226.8 mg/kg of OEO inhibited carrageenan-induced edema by 29.18% (p<0.05) when compared to the control group. The daily administration of OEO for six days inhibited the formation of granulomatous tissue by 36.66% (p<0.01). In ear erythema induced by croton oil, OEO presented a significant inhibition (37.9%). In the vascular permeability test, treatment with OEO decreased the response to histamine, inhibiting vascular permeability by 54.16%. In carrageenan-induced peritonitis, OEO reduced the number of neutrophils migrating compared to the control group by 80.14%. These results suggested that OEO has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, probably of peripheral origin and linked to prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibition.

Behavioural effects and mechanisms of essential oils of dennettia tripetala g. Baker (annonaceae) in mice

The fruits of the plant Dennettia tripetala G.Baker (Annonaceae) are well known in many communities of some southern states of Nigeria and some West African countries. They are commonly eaten as spices. We investigated the acute toxicity and behavioural effects of the essential oils of these fruits in mice and the mechanism(s) involved in the mediation of the observed behavioural effects. The result obtained showed that LD50 value of the oils in mice is 470 mg/kg (i.p.). The oils at all the dose levels used suppressed the gross behaviours and significantly (p

Chemical composition and analgesic activity of Senecio rufinervis essential oil

Context: Senecio rufinervis D.C (Asteraceae) is a tall aromatic herb, commonly found in Uttarakhand, India. No investigations on the biological activity of this plant have been published so far. Hence, this plant species became a subject of our scientific interest.Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition and analgesic activity of Senecio rufinervis essential oil in mice using both thermal and chemical models of pain.Materials and methods: Essential oil from dried leaves of Senecio rufinervis was extracted by steam distillation and then subjected to GC-MS analysis. Varying doses of essential oil were given to mice, 30 min prior to the induction of abdominal constrictions and determination of mean reaction time in hot-plate maintained at 55° ± 0.5°C.Results: The main component detected in the essential oil of Senecio rufinervis was germacrene D (40.19%) followed by β-pinene (12.23%), β-caryophyllene (6.21%) and β-longipinene (4.15%). Essential oil exhibited significant and dose-dependent analgesic activity against acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The percentage inhibition in number of writhes produced by 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg doses was, respectively, 69, 80 and 85%. The oil, at doses 50 and 75 mg/kg, significantly increased the mean latency in the hot-plate after 15 and 30 min of drug administration as compared to the control group.Discussion and conclusion: The results depicted both central and peripheral analgesic activity of S. rufinervis essential oil which was attributed to the presence of terpenes.

Effect of aqueous leaf extract of &lt;i&gt;Momordica charantia&lt;/i&gt; on intestinal enzyme activities in dairrhoeagenic mice.

Momordica charantia (MC), an annual tropical plant has been reported to possess numerous medicinal properties. The aqueous extract of the plant had been earlier evaluated for its anti-diarrhoeal potential in castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of M. charantia on the activities of the intestinal enzymes in castor oil-induced diarrhoeagenic mice for 48 h-duration. Diarrhoea was induced by oral administration of castor oil in mice. Mice in Group 1 were given distilled water; Group 2 received 0.2 ml of castor oil. Groups 3-4 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the aqueous leaf extract respectively. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at 0, 2, 5, 7, 24, and 48 hours. Enzymatic activities and protein concentration in the intestinal mucosa homogenate were then analyzed at 0, 2, 5, 7, 24, and 48 hours. Effect of graded doses (100-400 mg/kg) of M. charantia on intestinal alkaline phosphatase showed decrease in activity at 48 hours, while the reductive effect was significantly expressed in the castor oil than in the control and extract treated groups. Disaccharidases (lactase, maltase and sucrase) activities were significantly reduced in the castor oil group when compared with the extract treated groups and the control. The reduction in protein concentration was also observed in the castor oil group compared to the control and extract treated groups. The aqueous leaf extract of MC increased enzymes activities (maltase, sucrase and lactase) in the extract treated diarrhoeagenic mice enhancing the absorptive role of these enzymes in the small intestine. This could prevent malnutrition and loss of these enzymes in diarrhoeal conditions.

Free radical scavenging and anti-edematogenic activities of Paullinia elegans Cambess., Sapindaceae, leaves extracts

Ethanol extract of the leaves of Paullinia elegans Cambess., Sapindaceae, and its hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hydroethanol fractions were evaluated for their antiedematogenic and free radical scavenging activities. The ethanol extract and the hexane fraction produced statistically significant inhibition (74.4 and 76.0%, respectively) of the ear edema induced by croton oil in mice, observed at doses of 5 mg/ear. The ethyl acetate and hydroethanol fractions showed significant radical scavenging effect in the DPPH assay, with IC50 of 36.7 and 30.1 µg/mL, respectively. Fractionation of the extracts through chromatographic methods afforded epifriedelanol, oleanolic acid 3-O-acetyl, a mixture of stigmasterol 3-β-O-glucopyranoside and sitosterol 3-β-O-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3,7-O-α-dirhamnopyranoside, kaempeferol-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside and 2-O-methyl-chiro-inositol. The compounds were identified on the basis of their NMR spectral data and comparison with those of literature.

Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Chromatographic Fractions of Stereospermum kunthianum Cham Sandrine Petit (Bignoniaceae) Stem Bark

Purpose: The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of three chromatographic fractions (L, S and Y) of Stereospermum kunthianum stem bark in mice. Methods: Vacuum liquid/column chromatography (VLC/ CC) were used to obtain three fractions (L,S and Y) of Stereospermum kunthianum stem bark fractions. The antidiarrhoeal activities of these fractions at doses ranging from 100 – 400 mg/kg were evaluated in diarrhoea episodes induced by castor oil in mice. The controls were given distilled water (10 ml/kg) while 10 mg/kg of morphine was used as the reference drug (positive control). Results: Pretreatment of mice with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of fraction L significantly (p number of stools as well as the total weight of wet and total weight of stools, compared to the distilled water-treated mice. Fraction Y at the three doses significantly delayed the onset of diarrhoea in the treated mice. Conclusion: Vacuum liquid/column chromatography (VLC/CC) derived fractions L, S and Y of Stereospermum kunthianum possessed antidiarrhoeal activity but to varying degrees. This study lends further credence to the ethnomedicinal use of the plant for the treatment of diarrhoea. Keywords: Antidiarrhoeal activity, chromatographic fractions, Stereospermum kunthianum, stools

Anxiolytic Effect and Tissue Distribution of Inhaled Alpinia zerumbet Essential Oil in Mice

The use of essential oils is common throughout the world, and clarification of their detailed effects and pharmaceutical potencies is necessary. Additionally, detailed information regarding the pharmacokinetics of essential oils is needed. In this report, GC-MS analysis was used to observe the tissue distribution of the multiple components of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt. et Sm. Anxiety-related behavior was evaluated by the light and dark box test (LD), open field test (OF), and elevated plus maze test (EPM). GC-MS quantification of the major components of A. zerumbet essential oil (AZEO) (alpha-pinene, p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, and limonene) was almost identical using either the injection or headspace injection method. All the behavioral assessments indicated that inhalation of AZEO had a positive anxiolytic effect. This was especially evident in the EPM (time spent in the open arms), where anxiolytic effects were clearly observed (P < 0.05). Alpha-Pinene accumulated in the brain at almost the same rate as in the liver. However, the oil components chiefly accumulated in the kidney. Therefore, the essential oil component in the largest proportion will not necessarily be distributed to organs throughout the body in the same quantities and/or ratios. It is necessary to consider tissue distribution for investigating the effects of essential oil inhalation.

Rosewood oil induces sedation and inhibits compound action potential in rodents

Aim of the study Aniba rosaeodora is an aromatic plant which has been used in Brazil folk medicine due to its sedative effect. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the sedative effect of linalool-rich rosewood oil in mice. In addition we sought to investigate the linalool-rich oil effects on the isolated nerve using the single sucrose-gap technique. Materials and methods Sedative effect was determined by measuring the potentiation of the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. The compound action potential amplitude was evaluated as a way to detect changes in excitability of the isolated nerve. Results The results showed that administration of rosewood oil at the doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg significantly decreased latency and increased the duration of sleeping time. On the other hand, the dose of 100 mg/kg potentiated significantly the pentobarbital action decreasing pentobarbital latency time and increasing pentobarbital sleeping time. In addition, the effect of linalool-rich rosewood oil on the isolated nerve of the rat was also investigated through the single sucrose-gap technique. The amplitude of the action potential decreased almost 100% when it was incubated for 30 min at 100 μg/ml. Conclusions From this study, it is suggested a sedative effect of linalool-rich rosewood oil that could, at least in part, be explained by the reduction in action potential amplitude that provokes a decrease in neuronal excitability.

Proinflammatory Event of Ozonized Olive Oil in Mice

Ozonized olive oil inhibited the swelling reaction of 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced mouse-contact hypersensitivity, which is a model for chronic skin diseases involved in the initiation and propagation of several inflammatory processes, mainly due to type IV hypersensitivity. On the other hand, ozonized olive oil itself stimulated the development of inflammatory responses, such as vasodilation, swelling and epidermal hyperplasia. When repeatedly applied to the skin, ozonized olive oil caused hair loss at the site and contact hypersensitivity. These findings identify a new biological function for ozonized olive oil and indicate the risk of adverse effects with repeated application.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil in Mice

Essential oils are plant secondary metabolites possessing various pharmacological properties, primarily anti-oxidative, antimicrobial or immunomodulative, but they can exhibit toxic and allergic effects as well. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil dietary administration in carrageenan paw oedema and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis. ICR mice received rosemary essential oil at three concentrations (1 250, 2 500 and 5 000 ppm) in the standard laboratory diet starting two weeks before the experiments. The inflammation of paws induced by carrageenan application was evaluated by measurement of paw swelling, paw weight and myeloperoxidase activity. In the TNBS model the mice were killed by cervical dislocation 3 days after colitis induction and the mortality, changes in the body weight of mice, colon weight : body weight ratio, macroscopical scores and myeloperoxidase activity were analysed. Furthermore, IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine levels in colonic tissue were quantified using ELISA assay. Dietary supplementation with 5 000 ppm of rosemary essential oil initially after 2 h increased but after 24 h suppressed the extent of paw oedema. The same dose in the TNBS model exhibited protective effects on colonic mucosa and significantly decreased macroscopic scores for colonic inflammation. On the other hand, in colon samples from mice fed the diet with 1 250 ppm of rosemary essential oil we detected decreased myeloperoxidase activity and significantly lower levels of IL-6 compared to TNBS control animals. Our results indicate that rosemary essential oil is able to influence several variables of murine experimental inflammatory models depending on the concentration used. We conclude that the anti-inflammatory effects of rosemary essential oil should be interpreted carefully due to its timeand dose-related effects.

Analgesic and antidiarrheal properties of Ocimum selloi essential oil in mice

Ocimum selloi essential oil (2, 20, and 200 mg/kg; p.o.) reduced, in a dose-dependent way, the abdominal contraction induced by acetic acid (0.6%; i.p.) and the diarrhea episodes induced by castor oil in mice. At the higher dose (200 mg/kg; p.o.), the essential oil significantly reduced intestinal transit (P<0.05) in the charcoal meal test. The main component detected in O. selloi essential oil was methyl chavicol (98%; GC and GC/MS).These effects seems to support the use of O. selloi against diarrhea, intestinal spasm and visceral pain.

Effects of Simultaneous Intakes of Fish Oil and Green Tea Extracts on Plasma, Glucose, Insulin, C-Peptide, and Adiponectin and on Liver Lipid Concentrations in Mice Fed Low- and High-Fat Diets

Aims: The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of a simultaneous intake of fish oil and green tea extracts (GTE) on plasma lipids, glucose (Glu), insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin concentrations and on liver lipids in mice fed low- and high-fat diets. Methods: Male mice (5 months old) were fed low-fat (5%) or high-fat (20%) diets containing 0% (5 or 20% lard), 1% (4 or 19% lard) or 5% (0 or 15% lard) fish oil with or without 1% GTE for 3 months. Results: Single or combined intakes of fish oil and GTE intakes significantly lowered plasma and liver total cholesterol (T-chol) and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations in mice on high-fat diets. However, a positive effect of GTE alone was not observed in the plasma T-chol and TG concentrations of mice on low-fat diets. Plasma Glu concentrations were significantly lowered by dietary fish oil in mice on the low- and high-fat diets. A tendency of GTE intake to decrease plasma Glu in mice on both the low- and high-fat diets was not significant. An intake of GTE only minimally influenced plasma insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin concentrations, but fish oil supplementation increased the adiponectin concentration in mice on the low- and high-fat diets. GTE addition to the diets had no adverse effects on reductions by fish oil. Conclusion: These results suggest that a simultaneous intake of fish oil and GTE can improve plasma and liver lipid and plasma Glu profiles in mice fed a high-fat diet without any negative interactions of fish oil and GTE.