Production parameters of reservoirs such as Porosity ( , Permeability (K) and Water Saturation (Sw) are among the fundamental properties that determine a reservoir’s quality, defining its ability to store hydrocarbon and CO2.The Petrophysical analysis (production parameters) of the G-Oil Field in the Niger Delta basin was aimed at assessing the quality of the reservoirs in supporting hydrocarbon exploitation and carbon sequestration. Interactive Petrophysics (IP) Software was used to analyse 8 well log data in LAS format. 18 geologic reservoirs were delineated using the combination of Basic Logonal, Porosity/Water saturation algorithm and the Cut-off & summation algorithm of the IP software. Production Petrophysical parameters such as Effective Porosity ( eff), Permeability (K) and Water Saturation (Sw) were determined using the Tixier, Wyllie-Rose and Indonesian equations respectively. Results show that effis in the range of 14.2% - 27.5% adjudged to be good porosity to very good porosity while Sw values in all 18 reservoirs ranged between 13.1% and 45.7%. K ranged between 181.01mD and 7942.091mD, placing it within the ‘Very good - Excellent’ permeability classification. Mean value of eff, Sw and k for the G – Oil field are 22.8%, 31.0% and 1780.941mD respectively. These values as reviewed fell in the quality classification of Very good porosity, Very good Water Saturation and Excellent Permeability. These imply that the G – Oil field has good quality reservoirs which are highly prolific in terms of hydrocarbon production and suitable for Carbon Sequestration.

This study investigates the molecular transformation of hydrocarbons under gamma radiation in the presence of nanostructured sodium bentonite clay. Crude oil samples from the Gunashli oil field (Azerbaijan) were exposed to 60Co gamma radiation across a dose range of 0–260 kGy. Using a combination of FTIR, UV-vis, EPR spectroscopy, and gas chromatography, we evaluated the structural evolution of both mature and immature oils. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent degradation of aromatic compounds, accompanied by increased formation of isomeric and low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon gases. Nanostructured Na-bentonite acted as a radiation-sensitive catalyst, significantly enhancing fragmentation, isomerization, and π–σ bond transformation. In mature oils, a pronounced reduction in arenes and density confirmed advanced molecular restructuring. In contrast, immature oils retained substantial aromatic content, indicating partial metamorphism. UV-vis data revealed a sequential transformation pathway from polycyclic aromatics to saturated hydrocarbons. The findings underscore the catalytic synergy between gamma radiation and nanoclay, offering mechanistic insights into radiolytic upgrading and mimicking natural geochemical maturation processes.

As a national key base for petroleum equipment manufacturing, Dongying has an industrial scale accounting for more than one-fifth of the national total and half of Shandong Province. As early as 2012, it achieved a total industrial output value of 50 billion yuan, with the production capacity of leading products such as land petroleum drilling rigs and pumping units ranking among the top in China, and its exports covering more than 60 countries and regions. However, it currently faces structural contradictions, including core technologies being constrained by others and a shortage of high-skilled talents in electronic fields. At the same time, the electronic major in local technical schools has problems such as disconnection between courses and industrial needs, mismatch between practical training and post standards, and a single evaluation system. Although preliminary cooperation has been promoted under the policy of integrating oil fields, local government and schools, a deep collaborative mechanism has not yet been formed. Based on the theoretical and practical experience of 7 core documents, this paper constructs a school-enterprise collaborative talent culti-vation model of "industrial demand orientation—curriculum system recon-struction—practical training platform co-construction—closed-loop mul-ti-evaluation". Through paths such as the integration of theory and practice, OBE (Outcome-Based Education) concept design, and optimization of Emerging En-gineering experiment projects, it realizes the accurate connection between tal-ent cultivation and industrial needs. The research shows that this model can effectively shorten the students' post adaptation cycle and improve the acquisi-tion rate of vocational skill level certificates, providing two-way support for the transformation and upgrading of Dongying's petroleum equipment industry and the improvement of talent cultivation quality in technical schools.

Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss) are devastating pathogens of rice and rapeseed, contributing 20–69% and 10–50% of yield losses, respectively. These pathogens develop resistant overwintering and/or oversummering sclerotia, which serve as inocula for infection in the subsequent season under favorable conditions. The present study was designed to investigate the month-wise variation in microbial diversity by mixing Rs and Ss sclerotia separately in rice-rapeseed rotation field soil, thereby identifying key microbial players associated with specific sclerotia and their implications for subsequent crops. Therefore, we incubated 2.5 g of Rs and Ss sclerotia in 100 g of soil for 3 months to mimic the field conditions and subjected month-wise soil samples to 16S rRNA and ITS2 sequencing. Data analysis of bacterial communities revealed diversity, richness, and evenness in Ss treated soil samples compared to the control, while fungal communities exhibited less diversity. These results were also evident in PCoA and hierarchical clustering, where control and treated samples were scattered in 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. Genus level diversity exhibited enrichment of bacterial genera with known beneficial potential, notably Acidibacter, Stenotrophobacter, Sphingomonas, Flavisolibacter, Gaiella, and Neobacillus in control. Beneficial bacterial genera such as Ramlibacter, Geomonas, Kofleria, Nitrospira, and Paraflavitalea were enriched in Ss treated soil samples. The addition of Ss and Rs sclerotia activated several beneficial fungi, notably Trichoderma, Talaromyces, Clonostachys in Ss treated samples, and Vermispora, Hyalorbilia, Mortierella, Lecanicillium in Rs treated samples. Additionally, Rs treated soil samples also activated pathogenic genera, including Typhula, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia. Sclerotia in soil modulates the microbiome and activates beneficial and pathogenic microbes. During the off-season, the Sclerotinia inoculum pressure in the soil reduces, and it is safe to grow crops next season. Whereas, in the case of Rhizoctonia infected soil, it is suggested to avoid growing crops susceptible to wilt, root rot, and blight. However, field experiments to understand the pathogen–pathogen interactions around the sclerotiosphere require further exploration.

The resource-rich Essequibo region, located in northeastern South America and occupying two-thirds of the territory of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, has long been disputed by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. At the same time, the tensions have been escalating in recent years, making this conflict one of the most explosive in Latin America, which was declared a Zone of Peace in 2014, where any disputes must be resolved exclusively through negotiations, and the principle of national sovereignty is elevated to the absolute. The discovery of large offshore oil fields has significantly increased Guyana’s role in regional politics. The rapid economic growth of the Caribbean state is attracting increasing attention from experts to its history and the peculiarities of modern development. Given that, this article analyzes the territorial dispute over Essequibo from the perspective of the ruling elites of Guyana and traces the evolution of the state’s approaches to conflict resolution. Using historical and comparative as well as historical and genetic methods, the strategies of governments of the Cooperative Republic are studied – from the moment of gaining independence until present. As a result of the study, it was found that the finality of the 1899 arbitration award and the fact of its longterm recognition by Venezuela underlie the position of Guyana, which has not formally changed throughout the state’s independent existence. Nevertheless, in practice, it was accompanied by significant tactical adjustments to the negotiating strategy. An analysis of the speeches of Guyanese politicians and decisions made by presidential administrations has allowed to identify the key factors that led to the evolution of the state’s position on the territorial issue over the past 60 years. Firstly, the dynamics of Venezuela’s foreign policy course has played a significant role, as its governments have made claims on Essequibo with varying intensity at different periods. Secondly, the transformation of the international and regional order has had a significant impact, primarily due to the end of the ideological confrontation between the superpowers and their allies during the Cold War. Finally, the internal development of the Co-operative Republic has become a determining factor: economic crises, the beginning of oil production and the inter-party struggle have directly influenced the adjustment of the state’s approach. At the same time, the use of the border dispute as a tool to retain power can be traced throughout the entire political history of the Caribbean state.

Remote sensing and algorithmic methods for GOR monitoring to improve gas production allocation in hydrocarbon production for an oil field in North of Iraq

Rice husk ash (RHA) is a by-product generated from the controlled combustion of rice husks, offering potential applications in agriculture as a soil amendment. This study evaluates the ecotoxicological effects of RHA on copper-contaminated soils, particularly vineyard soil, which presents high levels of copper accumulation due to fungicide use. Three soil types—vineyard soil (V), native field soil (NF), and tropical artificial soil (TAS)—were analyzed under different RHA concentrations (5%, 15%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). Two model plant species, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and arugula (Eruca sativa), were used in germination assays to assess toxicity levels. The vineyard soil presented 34.19 mg/kg of copper (Cu), exceeding the quality reference value (11 mg/kg) established by environmental regulations, while Native Field soil contained only 0.81 mg/kg of Cu. Germination index (GI) and normalized residual germination percentage index (NGI) indicated a moderate toxicity (-0.34%) for lettuce at 5% RHA, while toxicity levels were lower at 25% and 50% RHA. Root growth inhibition was observed in lettuce at 6.16% and 6.03% for 25% and 50% RHA, respectively. Arugula showed higher sensitivity to RHA concentrations, with root growth inhibition reaching 72.89% in vineyard soil and 60.78%, 63.04%, and 72.38% at 5%, 15%, and 25% RHA, respectively. The findings highlight the potential of RHA for soil remediation but emphasize the need for controlled applications to prevent adverse. Sustainable application of RHA may contribute to soil rehabilitation strategies and agro-industrial residue management, but further studies are needed to optimize its use in contaminated environments.

This study focuses on modifying the wettability of Eocene carbonate formation in an oil field. The influence of methyl orange (MO) on wettability alterations of the carbonate rock samples was analyzed using contact angle (CA) measurements for air/brine interactions under increasing temperature and pressure conditions. The samples were treated with stearic acid (SA; 10−2 mol/L) and various MO solutions (10–100 mg/L) for 8 d. Subsequently, the assessment of wettability shift was determined using an air/brine system under various temperatures of 25–50 °C and NaCl of 0.1–0.4 M. The results indicate that the wettability of carbonates becomes hydrophobic when treated with SA, whereas MO effectively alters under elevated temperature and salinity conditions. Rendering the samples more hydrophilic, particularly at higher (100 mg/L) MO concentrations. Further, MO and SA treatments increased the surface-roughness, which significantly altered the carbonate rock wettability. The temperature variations also affected the wettability, with CAs decreasing with higher temperatures at 50 °C. The study’s findings indicate that the use of MO could enhance oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs.

Nam Rong - Doi Moi is an oil field with a complex geological structure, although many technical and technological solutions have been applied, the water level has continuously increased, and the exploited oil flow has decreased significantly, requiring a change in exploitation methods to suit the new conditions. Currently, oil wells in the mine mainly use the gaslift method. To improve oil exploitation efficiency, it is possible to switch to other production methods, suitable for the actual conditions of the mine and the operator. The proposed method of production using a electrical submersible pump system is selected based on the actual conditions of the exploited wells such as: diameter of the production casing, fluid, available power source. Research results show that switching to exploitation using a electrical submersible pump system reduces well bottom pressure, increases differential pressure with the reservoir and increases exploitation flow, expected some wells output increased to nearly 5000 tons.

In many crops, pesticides are applied simultaneously or sequentially, exposing soil microarthropods to dynamic residue mixtures. Yet, little is known about the possible ecological effects of such mixtures. This study investigated the effects of three commercial pesticides-clopyralid (herbicide), cypermethrin (insecticide), and pyraclostrobin (fungicide) - applied individually and in sequence on soil microarthropods (Collembola and Acari) in a field setting. Concurrently, standard laboratory tests were conducted to assess the toxicity of the individual pesticide formulations to the reproduction and survival of the Collembola Folsomia candida exposed in the same field soil. In the field, the formulations were applied individually and sequentially at 1× and 10× the recommended dose. Short-term (ie one week after application) and long-term effects (ie four weeks after application) on soil microarthropods were evaluated. In the laboratory, concentration-dependent reduction of F. candida survival and reproduction was observed only for pyraclostrobin and cypermethrin, with NOECs of 9.56 and 94.1 mg of active substance per kg dry soil, respectively. In the field, no aggravated effects of the sequential mixture were detected compared to the single pesticide applications. No negative short- or long-term effects were detected on Collembola abundance or diversity from any of the pesticides or their sequential mixture. In contrast, short-term exposure to the insecticide alone or in sequential mixtures significantly reduced Acari abundance in the field, though this effect weakened over time, leaving only a non-significant trend in the long term.

In the middle and late stages of oil and gas field development, improving the accuracy of resistivity measurement is of great significance in assessing the residual oil saturation of reservoirs. The traditional over-casing resistivity logging technology has the disadvantages of low time efficiency, great influence by casing contact resistance, poor environmental adaptability and limited detection depth. Transient EM is based on the theory of electromagnetic induction and obtains formation resistivity parameters by emitting a transient EM field and measuring changes in the induced EM field in the formation. However, the high electrical and magnetic conductivity of the casing will seriously interfere with the electromagnetic signal and affect the formation resistivity measurement. For this reason, this paper proposes a new method of signaling the casing by using a combination of multiple coil systems in the pre-compression of the formation response, and adopts finite element simulation to deeply investigate the transient electromagnetic response curves as well as the transient electromagnetic radial probing depths and longitudinal resolutions under the variations of different formation resistivities and casing parameters. The results show that this technique can effectively suppress the casing response in the pre-transient electromagnetic response, making the formation response clearer, providing an accurate and reliable means for the measurement of formation resistivity in cased wells, and further enhancing the accuracy of residual oil evaluation in oil exploration and development.

Nanoemulsion has significant application potential inenhancingoil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs due to its unique nanoscalesize and excellent interfacial properties. In this paper, a novelnanoemulsion flooding system was prepared by a microemulsion dilutionmethod, using nonionic surfactant fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether(AEO-9), zwitterionic surfactant cocoamidopropyl hydroxy sulfobetaine(CHSB), liquid paraffin, oleic acid, n-butanol, and aqueous sodiumtosylate. The key performance parameters, such as droplet size, interfacialtension (IFT), and wettability, were evaluated in the laboratory,and the oil displacement performance of the nanoemulsion was assessedthrough an oil-washing ability experiment and a displacement experiment.The results showed that the droplet size of the nanoemulsion systemwas 30–50 nm. It has ultralow IFT (<1 × 10–2 mN/m) and could change the core surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic,maintaining emulsion stability even at a high temperature of 100 °C.Through the displacement experiment, the nanoemulsion demonstratedthe characteristics of “rapid breakthrough-high-efficiencytransport” (diffusion coefficient of 5.086 × 10–4 cm2/s). Finally, an additional oil recovery of 17.71%was achieved when the nanoemulsion injection concentration was 0.30wt % and the injection volume was 0.4 PV. The nanoemulsion systemusing aqueous sodium tosylate (NaOTs) as the continuous phase exhibitsboth high-salt tolerance and high-temperature hydrolysis resistance,making it suitable for nanoemulsion flooding in high-temperature,high-salt reservoirs. This paper aids in selecting the optimal nano-oildisplacement agent for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects in high-temperature,high-salinity, low-permeability reservoirs and promotes the applicationof nanoemulsions in oil fields.

Polymer flooding, which is a promising chemical enhancedoil recovery(EOR) method, leads to more efficient extraction of oil from depletedreservoirs and has proven technical and economic success in variousprojects where oil recovery often increases considerably. During polymerflooding, viscosity helped to maintain a favorable mobility ratio.Through increased water phase viscosity and improved sweep efficiency,polymer solutions improved oil recovery. Viscoelastic polymers canimprove oil recovery beyond that of inelastic polymers by mobilizingthe residual oil and increasing the microscopic displacement efficiency.These polymers can mobilize oil entrapped in porous media due to highcapillary forces, rock configuration, or rock attraction by stripping,dragging, and pulling oil molecules into pore channels. In the presentstudy, the effect of the two polymers on oil recovery and breakthroughwas determined by selecting polymer concentrations to maintain similarviscosities with different viscoelastic behaviors. A rheological approachfor the determination of storage, loss modulus, and relaxation moduluswas adopted to determine the difference in the elastic behavior ofthe HPAM-2625 and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymers. At the concentrationsused for the investigation, it was discovered experimentally thatthe CMC polymer was more elastic than HPAM-2625. A higher oil recoverydue to viscoelasticity was achieved in the flooding experiment. Anapproximately 4.9% higher recovery was observed for a higher viscoelasticcandidate, the CMC polymer. This article focused on the impact ofviscoelasticity on oil recovery during polymer flooding. The resultsof this study can be useful for guiding polymer screening, design,and optimization for flooding in oil fields.

To investigate the formation mechanism of hardpan layers in liquefied silty soils, this study simulates external physical disturbances using a controllable rotating wheel and observes the internal flow field evolution through Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments. The objectives are to analyze the flow field structure, soil microstructure, and basic geotechnical parameters under varying disturbance intensities. Results show the emergence of two distinct flow velocity centers during liquefaction: Center A, where upward seepage drives fine particles from the bottom, and Center B, associated with high pore pressure beneath the disturbance source—both critical to soil skeleton rearrangement and liquefaction. Microscopic imaging (500×) and index tests reveal that increasing disturbance intensity leads to skeleton coarsening, directional rearrangement, and compaction of deeper layers. These findings clarify the liquefaction–seepage mechanism driving hardpan formation and provide insight into microstructural evolution under hydrodynamic disturbance.

The development of oil and gas fields in the Caspian region, year-round navigation at sea, and the need to preserve biodiversity have led to a growing interest in comprehensive studies of the Caspian Sea, including wind disturbance. This study aims to investigate the process of wind waves at sea and calculate its spatial and temporal changes in the future based on numerical modeling using the SWAN spectral-wave model. Calculations of wave height projection into the future up to 2050 using climate model data from the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 dataset for two greenhouse gas emission scenarios showed that up to 2050 the maximum wave heights can vary from 1.1 m to 4.0 m at SSP1-2.6 with the highest values in 2023, 2029, 2042; from 1.3 m to 4.1 m at SSP5-8.5 with the highest values in 2029, 2033, 2050. In the Kazakhstan part of the sea, significant and strong waves are possible in the future (for the period 2022...2050). Because by 2050 the wave height may reach 6 m in the Middle Caspian Sea it is necessary to build protective dams in the areas of oil fields and settlements, as well as strengthening and reconstruction of previously built.

To reveal the distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） in soil under different land use patterns in Beijing， 75 soil samples， from agricultural field， vegetable field， greenhouse vegetable field， and orchard， were selected and analyzed by high-throughput qPCR. The results showed that a total of 195 ARGs and 9 MGEs were detected in all samples and that the top three classes of detected ARGs were β lactam， multidrug， and aminoglycoside resistance genes. The highest number of ARGs was detected in greenhouse vegetable field samples， and the lowest number of ARGs was detected in agricultural field samples. Among the different regions， higher relative abundances of ARGs occurred in greenhouse vegetable field soil in the districts of Pinggu， Changping， Tongzhou， and Haidian； whereas higher abundances in agricultural field， vegetable field， and orchard occurred in Yanqing. The lowest relative abundance of ARGs was detected in Fangshan. In greenhouse vegetable field， there was a significant negative correlation between available potassium （AK） and aminoglycoside and β lactam resistance genes （P&lt;0.05）； in orchard， available phosphorus （AP） showed a significant positive correlation with bacterial number （P&lt;0.01）.

Non-rhizospheric soil refers to the bulk soil that lies outside the immediate influence of plant roots and their exudates, typically exhibiting lower microbial activity and reduced nutrient availability compared to the rhizosphere. This study investigates the diversity and characterization of bacterial communities in non-rhizospheric soils from rice fields across four districts of Bangladesh, including Dinajpur, Mymensingh, Netrokona, and Savar. Non-rhizospheric soil samples were collected, and bacteria were isolated using nutrient agar, enumerated as colony-forming units (CFU/g), and differentiated based on colony morphology. Bacterial loads varied significantly, with the highest count (1.04 × 10¹⁰ CFU/g) in Mymensingh and the lowest (1.64 × 10⁹ CFU/g) in Savar. Cultural, morphological, and biochemical analyses were performed on 18 distinct bacterial isolates, which were identified as Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp. Bacillus sp., Alcaligenes sp. and Vibrio sp., among which Staphylococcus sp. was found to be the predominant isolate across the sites. Furthermore, molecular identification of the bacterial isolates was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which confirmed the species of the isolated bacteria. Biocontrol assays demonstrated the ability of Pseudomonas sp. to inhibit foodborne Staphylococcus sp. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed multidrug resistance, with all isolates resistant to most antibiotics but uniformly sensitive to amikacin. This study highlights the non-rhizospheric soil of rice fields as a reservoir of diverse bacterial communities, with Staphylococcus sp. showing dominance and regional variation in bacterial abundance, underscoring the ecological importance of these microbial populations.

Well performance evaluation using reservoir property distribution of X-onshore oil field located in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is globally recognized as a key strategy to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions and address the climate change. Geological storage in oil and gas fields and saline aquifers offers a promising long-term solution, with growing research focusing on modeling, monitoring, and optimizing the storage performance. This study contributes to Kazakhstan’s national CCUS initiative by presenting the methodology and outcomes of constructing a conceptual geological and hydrodynamic model of the Zaisan sedimentary basin located in East Kazakhstan. By integrating structural, lithological, and petrophysical data from 23 wells, a high-resolution 3D geological framework was developed. This model successfully identified a structurally isolated zone within the Sarybulak field that exhibits highly favorable characteristics for the CO2 storage, including minimal faulting, adequate reservoir thickness, high porosity, and high-water saturation. These features collectively highlight that the Sarybulak field is a highly promising candidate for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) deployment and reinforce the potential of the Zaisan basin as a strategic site for future large-scale carbon storage operations in Kazakhstan.

The intensive development of oil and gas fields in the southwestern region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has resulted in the fragmentation of previously contiguous forested areas. Prior to the mid-1970s, anthropogenic disturbances in this region were minimal. However, since the mid-1980s, extensive areas of disturbed natural vegetation have emerged, forming a continuous interconnected network over large distances. The extent of forests affected by the “fringe effect” has more than tripled. Forest-meadow ecotone complexes develop both at the boundaries of natural plant communities and on ecotopes changed by anthropogenic activities. This study used the route method of research, with forestry and geobotanical descriptions conducted in accordance with established classical methodologies. Cartographic materials were derived from publicly available satellite imagery and a 1:200,000 scale topographic map. Analysis of the species composition of vegetation indicates only minor differences between species located deep within forests and those at forest edges, although species abundance varies. Tree species demonstrate the least sensitivity to the “fringe effect.” In contrast, the abundance of typical forest species within the grass and shrub layers declines throughout the extent of the “fringe effect,” while meadow species from adjacent non-forest plant communities infiltrate these areas. Changes in floral composition affect all components of the biocenosis through trophic interactions.