Training skilled workmen and engineers was fundamental to restoring the production potential of key industries in the first years after the end of the Great Patriotic War. This article analyses the state policy on training specialists for oil enterprises in the USSR in the second half of the 1940s. Based on the materials of the Caspian oil-and-gas province, the article examines such strands of Soviet education policy as optimization of the vocational and qualification structure, formal evaluation of workers, practice-oriented training of young oil industry workers, as well as professional development and vocational retraining of specialists with working experience. The author utilized a wide range of sources from central and regional archives (legal, regulatory and statistical documents), some of which had not been introduced into scientific discourse. As a result, it was concluded that the main personnel problem for enterprises in the oil sector was the shortage of employees with industry-specific education. The training of the required number of new workers was supposed to take several years, while the production capacity of oil fields and processing plants had to be restored to pre-war levels within a limited time frame. To quickly fill vacant positions, short-term retraining courses, on-the-job second profession training, and professional development courses were provided. The author notes that the low level of general education and the lack of vocational training, especially among workmen, shifted the emphasis in training to the practical component and did not guarantee a successful acquisition of a new profession.

This research looked at the economics of palm kernel oil processing in Rivers State's Ahoada East Local Government Area. The work precisely characterized the socioeconomic traits of processors of palm kernel oil, assessed the processing costs, identified the issues facing processors of palm oil and indicated the causes of the palm kernel oil enterprise's dropping production. Seven villages were purposefully chosen from each of the three clans for a total of twenty-one villages; twenty communities were proportionally chosen from the three clans. Additionally, three palm kernel oil producers were chosen at random from each village, yielding a total of 63 respondents for the study. The data were examined using descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis. According to the data, there were primarily female respondents (70.0%) and male respondents (30.0%), whose active ages ranged from 41 to 50 years. Compared to singles, divorcees, and widows, married people (60.0%) were more active. The average respondent's household size is between 1 and 5, their educational background is 40.0%, and their years of experience are between 1 and 5. The gross margin was N96,700 and the profit were N77,700 per month. Palm kernel oil sales brought in a total of N328,000, with a total expense of N250,300. The main difficulties experienced by the research area's respondents are the high transportation costs for obtaining the raw materials, the expensive palm kernel fruit the poor road that led to the expensive palm kernel seed the scarcity of palm kernel fruit, the high cost of hiring equipment for the process of making palm oil, and the lack of access to credit facilities. In conclusion, the study's findings demonstrate Ahoada East Local Government Area, Rivers State, palm kernel oil processors were lucrative. According to the report, the government could expand road building into rural areas by repairing feeder roads, which will improve traffic issues.

The development of reliable technical solution for continuous ultrasonic monitoring of the thickness of technological pipelines and vessels operating at temperatures up to 600 °C is an actual problem, the solution of which is of great practical importance for the import substitution of automated corrosion monitoring systems at Russian enterprises of oil and gas and chemical industries. This paper describes the main stages of creating a domestic analogue of a high-temperature waveguide sensor for ultrasonic thickness measurement. To determine the thickness of objects at different temperatures, a temperature compensation algorithm has been developed and programmatically implemented that takes into account the temperature dependence of the propagation velocity of ultrasonic wave, the thickness of waveguides, the distance between the waveguides at the point of contact with the surface of the object, and the thermal expansion of the waveguide material and the object. The results of laboratory and field tests of an experimental waveguide sensor equipped with a contact-type temperature sensor, the readings of which are processed simultaneously with the received ultrasonic signals, are presented.

The article analyzes the current regulatory framework of Ukraine on the issue of ensuring high performance quality indicators of submersible pumps used in the oil production industry. It has been established that one of the effective methods of improving the quality indicators of submersible pumps is the improvement of the regulatory framework aimed not only at determining the necessary indicators, but also at their guaranteed support during operation in the entire range of possible operating modes. It was determined that submersible pumps are used in more than half of the entire fund of oil and gas production enterprises. Therefore, submersible pumps are one of the most important components of modern systems in the oil production industry. It has been established that the technical condition of pumping installations largely determines the quality indicators of oil enterprises, the instability of pumps and, moreover, their failure can lead to significant losses and other negative consequences. It has been proven that ensuring high efficiency and reliability of deep pumps is one of the most important tasks in the direction of creating stable, reliable and highly economical functioning of oil production complexes and ensuring the minimum possible energy losses for oil production (reducing the cost of oil production). From the analysis of the regulatory support of Ukraine, it was concluded that the existing regulatory documents sufficiently fully regulate the general issues related to the terminology and basic provisions of the design and operation of deep pumps and oil production complexes where they work. There are useful methods for the creation and operation of automatic control systems for submersible pumps and methods for conducting relevant measurements, but the regulatory base does not fully reflect the methods for determining and improving some indicators of the quality of operation of submersible pumps, there is a lack of regulatory documents that regulate the provision of high technical quality indicators of submersible pumps during their automatic control, there is a lack of methods for determining and maintaining energy-efficient modes of operation of submersible pumps in a wide range of normal operation in real time.

Abstract Azneft, located in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, was the primary state oil enterprise of the early Soviet Union. The operational challenges faced by Azneft versus overseas competition from 1920 to 1929 revealed the structural limitations that challenged the Soviet Union in its early efforts to compete in international trade through the exportation of industrially produced goods. Throughout the 1920s, despite the issues besetting the oil industry, Soviet authorities were largely successful in restructuring Azneft as an avenue for diversifying Soviet exterior trade. However, the events surrounding Azneft’s exposure to international markets also showed the Soviet Union’s critical vulnerability to sudden swings in global energy prices as well as other serious complications, including supply constraints and rapidly accumulating fiscal liabilities. These factors would subsequently limit the ability of the Soviet Union to become a more aggressive challenger in international markets across the interwar period and further hamper the future expansion of Soviet foreign trade.

The research seeks to ascertain the influence of marketing proficiency and innovative marketing strategies on enduring competitive advantage inside of small enterprises and medium enterprises (SMEs) of eucalyptus oil in Buru Regency. data was collected via a questionnaire administered to 60 populations of eucalyptus oil entrepreneurs in Buru Regency. inside of this research, the explanatory variable of marketing competency uses two dimensions, namely capabilities and resources. Then for the independent variable of marketing innovation utilizing four dimensions, namely novelty in offerings, pricing strategies, sales channel advancements, and marketing communication breakthroughs. While for the dependent variable of sustainable competitive advantage, the dimensions used are product innovation advantage, managerial capabilities, and competitive resilience. These dimensions are adopted by previous studies by relevant variables constituting the primary emphasis of the investigation. Verification of hypotheses, assessment of validity, and evaluation of reliability were conducted utilising PLS-SEM as the analytical approach. The outcomes of the research that have been presented show that marketing competency exhibits no substantial influence on enduring competitive advantage, whereas marketing innovation demonstrates a favourable and notable influence. This outcome states that innovation strategies increase the competitiveness of SMEs, especially in products According to superior commodities.

With the arrival of the big data era, the financial capability analysis of oil enterprises faces new opportunities and challenges. However, at present, the financial analysis work of most oil enterprises still exists problems such as uneven data quality, backward analysis methods, poor logic and wholeness of financial data across businesses, etc., which makes it difficult to provide timely and efficient financial data support and decision-making support for the company's resource allocation and optimization. Financial capability knowledge mapping can not only improve the efficiency of enterprise financial data management and analysis, but also enhance the decision-making support capability and promote the digital transformation of enterprise finance. Therefore, this paper focuses on the current situation and problems of financial analysis of petroleum enterprises, proposes a framework for analyzing the financial capability of petroleum enterprises based on knowledge graph, and constructs a new type of financial knowledge graph using Neo4j graph database. Finally, it puts forward targeted suggestions from the aspects of improving data quality, deepening the integration of industry and finance, and strengthening data asset management.

This study aims to investigate how stakeholders, including palm oil enterprises, smallholder cooperatives, banking institutions, and regulators, perceive the role of banking support in facilitating or hindering the adoption of digital accounting systems. This study employs a qualitative exploratory design to capture the diverse perspectives of stakeholders on the role of banking support in facilitating digital accounting adoption within the palm oil industry. A purposive sampling strategy will be employed to ensure participants possess direct experience with either banking support or digital accounting adoption. Data will be analyzed using thematic analysis. Interview transcripts, focus group notes, and documents will be coded inductively and deductively, guided by the research questions. The findings reveal that banks are not merely providers of financial capital but also act as institutional gatekeepers that shape reporting practices and encourage digital transformation. Larger enterprises view digital accounting as a strategic tool for efficiency and compliance, while smallholders often see it as a burdensome requirement.

The relevance of the research topic is driven by the need to develop an effective strategy for ensuring the long-term growth of sunflower oil enterprises in Ukraine. The paper analyzes the current state of sunflower oil production. It establishes that, despite wartime challenges, Ukraine remains one of the world leaders in producing and exporting sunflower oil. Sunflower oil enterprises’ macro-, meso-, and internal environments are analyzed and evaluated using expert methods. To assess the macro-environment of domestic enterprises, their components are identified, analyzed, and evaluated, considering their indirect yet significant influence on business performance. It is settled that the political, economic, and technological components exert the greatest influence on sunflower oil enterprises, and the overall evaluation indicates a satisfactory state of the macroenvironment. In studying the meso-environment, key elements are identified that should be considered when formulating development strategies. Competitors and consumers are the most influential components, and the integral assessment of the meso-environment indicates favourable conditions for the development of sunflower oil enterprises. The internal environment analysis is conducted using the case of a private company (PC) “Oliyar”, one of Ukraine’s largest sunflower oil producers. The SWOT analysis method is used to determine internal strengths, external opportunities, and threats. Based on the research findings, a matrix for selecting development strategies for sunflower oil enterprises is constructed, encompassing three types: growth strategies, market position retention strategies, and retrenchment strategies. It is determined that PC “Oliyar” is currently employing a market position retention strategy to maintain its market share, increase sales volumes, and boost profits. Considering possible future events and emerging external trends, there is a likelihood of a shift in the enterprise’s strategic direction. It is emphasized that sunflower oil enterprises must continuously monitor the external environment, systematically analyze business processes, assess performance indicators, and, when necessary, develop new strategies.

In this article, the issues of increasing the efficiency of raw material supply management in oil enterprises are discussed. Also, the value of some imported vegetable oil and the value of some imported vegetable oil of the countries of the world have been widely analyzed under the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic prevailing all over the world. In addition, in order to provide the population with high-quality food products in our country, the economic indicators of JSC "Tashkent oil-oil" and JSC "Yangiyol oil-oil" with the participation of foreign investors were analyzed and evaluated. Production costs of JSC "Tashkent Oil-Oil Combine" in the form of a joint venture and JSC "Yangi'ol Oil-Oil" with the participation of foreign investors and raw materials of JSC "Tashkent Oil-Oil Combine" in the form of a joint venture and JSC "Yangi'ol Oil-Oil" with the participation of foreign investors extensive analysis of resource consumption has been carried out. In addition, conclusions and proposals were developed on the research conducted to improve the efficiency of raw material supply to the enterprise.

This article covers the concept of improving the management efficiency of oil enterprises. Also, effective management of the enterprise and rational solution of the existing problem, and the main goals in the field of production were widely studied and analyzed. In addition, the main functions of management systems and the influence of modern concepts and technologies on the process of enterprise management are widely evaluated. In addition, the concept of integrated supply management, which emerged in the last decade, has been widely analyzed as the concept of related flows such as "design - purchase - production - distribution - sales - service" in the integrated business structure. The connection between ISO 9000 and the concept of TQM is scientifically based on the need to combine orders from different suppliers into one delivery, instead of delivering small batches from different suppliers on time. Conclusions and suggestions on improving the management efficiency of oil enterprises are given.

Pumping and compressor pipelines are used in the operation of oil and gas fields for various works related to the development and intensification of oil and gas production, as well as during major and routine well repairs.During operation, the columns of pumping compressor pipes may be exposed to various chemicals and multicomponent solutions, asphalt is covered with resinous paraffin deposits, salts, and is also exposed to the harmful effects of highly mineralized reservoir waters and produced high-sulfur oils.In this paper, the issues of developing methods to improve the reliability of oilfield installations, their introduction into widespread production, and the use of theoretical and experimental research to improve the efficiency of using oil fields are considered. The problems of research and development of effective corrosion inhibitors, bactericides and hydrogen sulfide absorbers in the technological processes of oil production of Kumkol oil enterprises are considered.

The “Belt and Road” initiative has afforded Chinese grain and oil enterprises significant opportunities for global expansion. However, these enterprises encounter considerable challenges in securing organizational legitimacy within host countries. This paper utilizes a three-level coding method grounded in theory, employing Xi’an Aiju Group as a case study. The research refines an “institutional-social-operational-sustainable four-dimensional synergistic legitimacy dynamic model”, unveiling the evolutionary trajectory of legitimacy from “compliance entry” to “symbiotic integration”. The findings suggest that attaining organizational legitimacy is a dynamic process that balances institutional breakthroughs, social symbiosis, capability demonstrations, and strategic bindings. This perspective contributes to a novel theoretical understanding of the mechanisms by which Chinese enterprises secure legitimacy during their global expansion. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into other enterprises’ international practices in countries along the “Belt and Road” route.

This article explores the complex landscape of building reconstruction in Krasnodar, Russia, a city experiencing rapid urban development [3][6]. It examines the drivers behind reconstruction projects, focusing on the need to address both objective and subjective obsolescence in civil and industrial buildings. The machine-building complex of the Krasnodar region includes enterprises of oil and gas, railway, agricultural and food engineering. The study highlights the multifaceted goals of modern reconstruction, including enhancing living comfort, increasing residential capacity, and improving the urban environment[3]. It also delves into the challenges faced during urban reconstruction, such as managing increased loads on foundations, working within confined construction sites, and modernizing existing utilities. The article further examines the diverse repair strategies employed, emphasizing the importance of tailoring methods to specific building materials, damage extent, and site conditions. Ultimately, it underscores the need for a holistic and integrated approach to reconstruction, balancing progress and preservation to create sustainable, resilient, and aesthetically pleasing urban spaces that enhance the quality of life for Krasnodar's residents[3][4].

The technological development of oil companies in Mexico is essential for ensuring their economic sustainability. A mechanism for the effective management of the technological development of oil companies, and the industry as a whole, is to determine its priority areas. This article provides a calculation for the choice of planning directions for the development of the oil sector in Mexico and related studies. Currently, the most promising technologies are offshore drilling and production. To achieve the study goals, we analyzed the patent activity of the oil sector. The results showed an unfavorable trend: the number of private and public patents in Mexico is decreasing. For example, from 2017 to 2023, the number of patents for offshore technologies decreased by more than 10 times. This dynamic significantly hinders the development of the oil industry. Despite the general measures taken within the framework of energy policy, the volume of oil production is constantly declining. Thus, in order to ensure the continued reproduction potential of the oil sector, it is necessary to take into account the importance of research and development. The innovation rating of the Mexican Petroleum Institute, a state-funded research center for the hydrocarbon sector, has been declining, having fallen by more than 50% from 102 international patents in 2014 to 40 in 2024. Today, the Mexican Institute of Petroleum is in the 48th percentile in terms of research performance among research institutes. The present authors’ approach considers that the intensification of technological development, which is costly, should not be an end in itself but rather an important means of increasing the efficiency of the integrated activities of oil companies. To integrate the patent-technological component of the strategic planning of oil companies, the concept of sub-potentials is proposed. The potential for the functioning and development of an oil enterprise from the point of view of the systems approach is decomposed into the sub-potentials of reproduction, defense, management, and reserve, which, under adverse conditions, can transition to the sub-potentials of threat and containment. An important task is to determine these transition points. The patent-technological component is taken into account in the sub-potential of reproduction. The remaining components of company development are taken into account within the framework of other sub-potentials, which are not discussed in detail in this article. At the same time, due to the unified conceptual approach, the integration of goals and objectives for technological development into a single economic and socio-ecological strategy for oil enterprises is ensured, which is the most effective approach to ensure their sustainable development. The dynamics of patent generation are an important factor in assessing the technological component and, in general, the effectiveness of projects in the energy sector.

The article summarizes current understanding of the problem of scaling in oilfield equipment and methodological approaches to its prevention. Based on years of research into scaling issues across various oilfields, we systematize information regarding the composition of produced and injected water and its role in the scaling process, as well as details about the composition of inorganic deposits and the mechanisms of their formation. We examine existing methods of mathematical modeling for scaling processes in oilfield systems and assess their effectiveness. It is demonstrated that the qualitative chemical composition of both aqueous solutions and deposits from production units in oil enterprises is similar, regardless of the field; however, the quantitative ratios of components can differ by orders of magnitude, even within a single field. Although the problem of scaling has been extensively studied, there is still no universal methodological approach to effectively prevent salt deposits in oilfields under varying conditions. Despite the diversity and capabilities of modern software packages, the results of mathematical modeling do not always correlate well with the actual composition of deposits in oilfield systems. Therefore, addressing the issue of forecasting salt deposits in oilfields requires a comprehensive approach, including experimental modeling and adjustments to the calculation methods based on production experience. Such a problem can be solved by artificial intelligence methods, therefore, the development of the methodology for forecasting salt deposits in oilfield systems in the near future will develop in this direction.

The article discusses the issues of biosafety in the use of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) in the oil industry of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The aim of the study is a comprehensive assessment of potential biological, environmental and technological risks of GMM implementation and analysis of the effectiveness of existing monitoring standards. Tasks included risk identification and classification, comparative analysis of biosafety models, statistical processing of incidents, and development of recommendations for improving regulatory requirements. Official reports, regulations, expert interviews, risk matrix analysis, and variance analysis were used as materials and methods. It is found that multi-level monitoring and ISO standards contribute to reducing the frequency of incidents and integral risks by half compared to traditional approaches, where the environmental threat remains higher than the average for the region. The discussion highlights the effectiveness of integrated monitoring systems, as well as the relevance of standards modernization. Conclusion: further development of integrated biosafety approaches will increase the sustainability of the industry and reduce the risk of accidents for industry and the environment.

With the development of oil enterprise and petrochemical industry, more and more oily wastewater is generated, which highlights the urgency of oil/water separation.

The article provides an overview of the current problems related to the choice of ways for companies in the oil and gas sector to form an optimal capital structure.In the course of the research, it was revealed that one of the effective methods of optimizing thecompany’s capital is to assess the structure and return on capital using the Dupont model.

The problem of stability of electrical engineering systems (EЕS) is relevant for enterprises of continuous oil and gas production, sensitive even to short-term power supply disruptions, which are caused and inevitable by emergency disturbances, which is defined as dynamic stability. The EЕS of oil and gas facilities, which contain a motor load in the form of synchronous and asynchronous electric motors, complicates the emergency situation in case of loss of stability. This requires defining the boundary of dynamic stability and the parameters characterizing dynamic stability in the form of mathematical models. The analysis of the reliability of the EЕS showed a problem for most objects of oil and gas complexes (ОGC) in the form of external and internal disturbances, leading in some cases to a complete stop or partial collapse of the technological process, due to low dynamic stability, which requires constant maintenance of set voltage levels at the control points of the EЕS and ensuring the necessary balance of reactive power. The article provides information about one of the complex post-accident processes, such as the dynamic stability of electrical systems, violations of which can lead to significant direct and indirect losses, defines the boundaries of static and dynamic stability, proposes mathematical models that determine a dynamically stable EЕS and provides means to increase the dynamic stability of EЕS. As a result of the analysis of the reliability of the EЕS, the numerical integration of differential equations describing the behavior of the EЕS in the form of mathematical models is presented, which shows the parameters that allow to increase the dynamic stability of the EЕS ОGС.