Ohmic Contribution Research Articles

Impact of nanoconfinement on the physical state and conductivity mechanisms of a 2-picolinium ionic liquid crystal

Hybrid solid-like materials prepared from the incorporation of liquid-like ionic conductors into nanoporous matrices could represent an advantage for a variety of electronic applications. Aiming to obtain such materials, three composites of the polymorphic ionic liquid crystal (ILC) 1-hexadecyl-2-methylpyridinium bromide ([C16-2-Pic][Br]), loaded in the mesoporous inorganic silica SBA-15 (∼6.8 nm in pore diameter), were prepared at guest–host weight fractions of ∼ 40, 60 and 80% (w/w) and investigated by different techniques: ATR-FTIR, BET, TGA, XRD and DSC. Complete amorphisation was achieved for the 40 and 60% composites, while the 80% preparation was stabilised in the low-T morph of native C16, being in the liquid state at room temperature. Furthermore, through Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy, the ionic conductivity of the three hybrid materials was characterised, allowing to deconvolute this property in a pure ohmic contribution (conductivity I) and the overlapping of ac − dc transition with interfacial polarisation resulting from the coexistence of the ionic liquid and the quasi-insulating inorganic matrix (conductivity II). From –20 to 20 °C, the conductivity and the corresponding charge migration are faster in all composites relative to the neat ILC, as deduced from the inferior radii of Nyquist arcs. The 60% preparation stood out from the other materials, exhibiting direct conductivity unaffected by electrode polarisation over a larger T-range, leading to the assumption of a nearly continuous silica-mediated charge migration pathway, which is never reached for the 40% composite, while, in the 80% preparation, some C16 deposits on the outer surface of the pores. Incorporation into the silica matrix proved to be a good strategy for the production of cost-efficient materials with long-term stabilisation of the ionic liquid in a single phase over a large range of temperatures, enabling the prediction of flow and conductive properties.

Electric-Field-Tunable Edge Transport in Bernal-Stacked Trilayer Graphene.

This Letter presents a nonlocal study on the electric-field-tunable edge transport in h-BN-encapsulated dual-gated Bernal-stacked (ABA) trilayer graphene across various displacement fields (D) and temperatures (T). Our measurements revealed that the nonlocal resistance (R_{NL}) surpassed the expected classical Ohmic contribution by a factor of at least 2 orders of magnitude. Through scaling analysis, we found that the nonlocal resistance scales linearly with the local resistance (R_{L}) only when the D exceeds a critical value of ∼0.2 V/nm. Additionally, we observed that the scaling exponent remains constant at unity for temperatures below the bulk-band gap energy threshold (T<25 K). Further, the value of R_{NL} decreases in a linear fashion as the channel length (L) increases. These experimental findings provide evidence for edge-mediated charge transport in ABA trilayer graphene under the influence of a finite displacement field. Furthermore, our theoretical calculations support these results by demonstrating the emergence of dispersive edge modes within the bulk-band gap energy range when a sufficient displacement field is applied.

Chromium Oxide-Ruthenium Oxide Solid Solution Anode Implemented in a Solid Phosphate Electrolyzer at 240 °C and 28 Bar Overpressure

This work offers an overview of the synthesis and implementation of various chromium-ruthenium oxide materials for gas-phase solid-acid water electrolysis under hydrothermal conditions (240 °C, 28 bar of Ar and steam overpressure). The oxidic solid solutions show general stability over a broad chromium concentration range in the RuO2 rutile structure during synthesis. Decomposition of the solid solutions is observed over a potential of around 2.1 V during electrolysis (including the Ohmic contribution of the setup and cell). Electrolysis performed below this decomposition potential shows promising results for replacing pure RuO2 with a low ruthenium-containing anode. Special attention has been given to Cr0.6Ru0.4O2 for being less expensive because of the lower ruthenium content and showing good stability and comparable performance to RuO2 during continuous chronopotentiometry operation for 1 h at 75 mA cm−2 current densities.

Supercapacitive Electrolyzer for Decoupled Hydrogen Production

The production of green hydrogen is an energy vector and key component to tackle the decarbonization goals. Electrolysis of water for production of green hydrogen using renewable energy sources is an attractive approach, but the integration of electrolysis technologies with these sources is still facing challenges such as membrane degradation and gas crossover. Decoupled electrolysis is a promising approach to overcome these challenges. In this approach, the generation of hydrogen and oxygen can be separated in time or space, which allows for efficient and reliable integration with renewable energy sources. Symes et.al. developed a two-step electrochemical system that separates the water oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions using an electron-coupled proton buffer. However, most decoupling designs still require the use of membranes for separation of redox mediator, which can be susceptible to degradation and have limited lifetimes. Researchers have introduced solid-state mediators to build membraneless electrolyzers using battery-like materials. The use of solid-state mediators eliminates the need for membranes and can provide improved performance and stability.In this work, we introduce a membraneless architecture decoupled hydrogen production in a hybrid cell combining the standard electrocatalytic reactions of water splitting with a capacitive storage mechanism. This innovative approach increases the flexibility and robustness of the hydrogen production system, allowing for operation in both acidic and alkaline conditions. The supercapacitive electrolyzer was assembled using the bifunctional catalyst cobalt-iron phosphide prepared by electrodeposition and a commercial activated carbon cloth as a capacitive electrode. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of membraneless electrolysis for green hydrogen production. The hybrid cell achieved an energy consumption of 48 kWh/kg at a nominal current density of 10 mA/cm2 in a 5 x 5 cm2 cell. Faradaic efficiencies over 99% were achieved at 100 mA/cm2. The cycle stability of the single cell was demonstrated over 20 h of operation (100 cycles) at a current density of 20 mA/cm2 with no apparent electrode degradation. Moreover, the simplicity of the cell design in this study not only facilitates quick scaling of production but also offers significant advantages in terms of operational cost and maintenance, as membraneless electrolyzers eliminate the need for expensive and complex components. To further enhance the performance of the hybrid cell for green hydrogen production, it is possible to reduce the ohmic contribution of the capacitive electrode and lower the overpotential required for the bifunctional catalyst to facilitate efficient water splitting.

Quantum Markovian Dynamics after the Bath Correlation Time

For a model of a multilevel system interacting with several baths at zero temperature, it is shown that its dynamics becomes Markovian after the bath correlation time. We take into account not only the contribution of the bath spectral density, which leads to a continuous correlation function, but also the ohmic contribution to the spectral density, which leads to a renormalization of both equations and initial conditions. An explicit Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad equation describing the dynamics of the system after the bath correlation time is derived, and the form of initial conditions for this equation is obtained. They do not coincide with the exact initial conditions due to the renormalization associated with the ohmic contribution and due to the short initial non-Markovian time interval preceding the bath correlation time.

Current dependence of the negative magnetoresistance in superconducting NbN nanowires

Magnetoresistance measurements in amorphous NbN nanowires show that transport current affects their negative magnetoresistance (nMR) in a manner qualitatively similar to temperature. In particular, the current suppresses the nMR and, beyond a certain level it eliminates the effect altogether. As the temperature dependence of the nMR effect is more pronounced at low currents, similarly the current dependence of the effect is more pronounced at low temperatures. These results are discussed in terms of the phenomenological model which attributes the nMR to the interplay between the resistance originating from the rate of phase slips via the Josephson relation and the Ohmic contribution from quasiparticles charge imbalance that accompany fluctuations of the order parameter in the nanowire.

(Digital Presentation) Solving the Mystery of Ohmic Resistance in Zero-Gap Alkaline Water Electrolyzers Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Polarization Curves

Hydrogen can be produced using renewable energy sources through alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). Alkaline water electrolyzers are made of inexpensive materials such as nickel perforated electrodes and the Zirfon porous diaphragm. However, one of the bottlenecks of this technology is the high internal ohmic resistance compared to other technologies, which implies that the technology is traditionally operated at low current densities. To decrease the ohmic resistance advanced AWE electrolyzers use a zero-gap configuration. However, even with such a zero-gap configuration the ohmic resistance remains relatively high.An analysis of polarization data on zero-gap alkaline electrolyzers with the commonly used Zirfon diaphragm suggests that the ohmic area resistances are significantly higher than what would be expected based on the properties of the diaphragm supplier [1]. In this study we use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to further investigate this phenomenon [2], since EIS enables the separation of ohmic and charge transfer resistances.EIS in combination with polarization measurements enables us to determine electrodes overpotentials, diaphragm ohmic losses and bubbles resistance and to estimate key parameters such as the reversible cell potential, the Tafel slopes and the exchange current densities of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Impedance data were fitted with an equivalent electric circuit, which consist of an ohmic resistance connected in series with two components, each including a resistance and a constant phase element (CPE) in parallel. Besides, the polarization measurements were fitted to a given correlation [1] using MATLAB as shown in Figure 1.It was found that the ohmic resistance determined with EIS (~0.48 Ω.cm²) is lower than the fitted area resistance from the I-V curve (0.68 Ω.cm²), but is still higher than what would be expected based on the diaphragm properties for Zirfon. Obtained values for Tafel slopes and exchange current densities, both by EIS and I-V curves, are comparable to typical values from the literature. The resistance does not increase with current density suggesting that an increase of bubble volume with current density does not play a significant role in the resistance. Therefore, it still remains unclear what the origin is of the increased ohmic resistance.[1] M.T. de Groot, A.W. Vreman. Ohmic resistance in zero gap alkaline electrolysis with a Zirfon diaphragm. Electrochimica Acta, 2021, 369, 137684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137684[2] Rodríguez, J.; Palmas, S.; Sánchez-Molina, M.; Amores, E.; Mais, L.; Campana, R. Simple and Precise Approach for Determination of Ohmic Contribution of Diaphragms in Alkaline Water Electrolysis. Membranes, 2019, 9, 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9100129 Figure 1

Amorphization-induced energy loss of amorphous Si anodes for Li-ion batteries

The thermodynamic stability and energy loss (kinetic overpotential) of amorphous Si (a-Si) anodes during electrochemical cycling are investigated by intensive free energy analysis based on molecular dynamics simulations. We first demonstrate the trade-off between energy loss and specific capacity that the enhancement of maximum Li concentration (specific capacity) is compensated with the increase of kinetic overpotential. The effects of external pressure and reaction rate on the formation enthalpy and kinetic overpotential of a-Si anodes are also explored. We find that both effects destabilize amorphous Li-Si (a-LixSi) phases with raised formation enthalpies, and result in the increased kinetic overpotential of a-Si anodes during electrochemical cycling. Our thermodynamic analysis predicts the constant value of overpotential, due to the neglect of ohmic contribution and possible formation of intermediate crystalline LixSi phases. These computational results provide a better understanding of the amorphization effect on the energy loss of alloying-type anodes.

(Invited) Durability of Electrolyte Supported Solid Oxide Cells for Steam Electrolysis: Results from Cell Testing in the 20,000 h to 50,000 Hours Range

There is a current fast development of water/steam electrolysis for the production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. (Multi) MW power demonstration units using the different (low and high temperature) technologies are, e.g., subject of the R&D project H2Giga funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research /1/. Steam electrolysis with solid oxide cells (SOC) is characterised by a high energy-conversion efficiency, notably if steam is available, such as via a heat source of moderate temperature for steam generation. Approaches for a matching to a fluctuating load, important in the context of operation with renewable energy sources, are also under development with the SOC technology /2/.For the SOC electrolysers, durability analysis of the cells in a time scale appropriate for application remains an important development step. Cell (or short stack) testing allows a rather precise control of the cell temperature which facilitates quantification of degradation for the practically required degradation rates well below 10 mV/1000 h (cf. /3/). In this contribution, our testing results will be updated, with up to about 50,000 h operation using electrolyte supported cells (ESC) with Ni/GDC hydrogen electrodes and different types of electrolyte (10Sc1CeSZ, 6Sc1CeSZ, 3YSZ). As reference for cell durability serves a 23,000 h steam electrolysis test with a cell with 6Sc1CeSZ electrolyte /4/. However, cells with the known robust 3YSZ electrolyte seem to yield a comparably low long-term degradation, together with better initial stability /5/. The use of an electrolyte of high ionic conductivity, 10Sc1CeSZ, allows a relatively low initial temperature (<800°C) for a cell voltage close to the thermal neutral voltage for 0.6 Acm-2 current density. This, in turn, leaves a wide temperature margin for compensation of voltage degradation via a temperature increase (cf. initial period of the test in /3/). The results from the durability tests serve as examples for a large degree of SOFC/SOEC reversibility achievable with the ESC. Moreover, the relatively thick electrolyte layer of the ESC with its large ohmic resistance comes along with a high ohmic contribution in the overall degradation in most tests. The different degradation contributions were separated with in-situ impedance spectroscopy without interrupting the DC current flow.

Graphene on Chromia: A System for Beyond-Room-Temperature Spintronics.

Evidence of robust spin-dependent transport in monolayer graphene, deposited on the (0001) surface of the antiferromagnetic (AFM)/magneto-electric oxide chromia (Cr2 O3 ), is provided. Measurements performed in the non-local spin-Hall geometry reveal a robust signal that is present at zero external magnetic field and which is significantly larger than any possible ohmic contribution. The spin-related signal persists well beyond the Néel temperature (≈307 K) that defines the transition between the AFM and paramagnetic states, remaining visible at the highest studied temperature of close to 450 K. This robust character is consistent with prior theoretical studies of the graphene/Cr2 O3 system, predicting that the lifting of sub-lattice symmetry in the graphene shall induce an effective spin-orbit term of ≈40 meV. Overall, the results indicate that graphene-on-chromia heterostructures are a highly promising framework for the implementation of spintronic devices, capable of operation well beyond room temperature.

The Influence Catalyst Layer Thickness on Resistance Contributions of PEMFC Determined by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is an important tool for fuel-cell analysis and monitoring. This study focuses on the low-AC frequencies (2–0.1 Hz) to show that the thickness of the catalyst layer significantly influences the overall resistance of the cell. By combining known models, a new equivalent circuit model was generated. The new model is able to simulate the impedance signal in the complete frequency spectrum of 105–10−2 Hz, usually used in experimental work on polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs). The model was compared with experimental data and to an older model from the literature for verification. The electrochemical impedance spectra recorded on different MEAs with cathode catalyst layer thicknesses of approx. 5 and 12 µm show the appearance of a third semicircle in the low-frequency region that scales with current density. It has been shown that the ohmic resistance contribution (Rmt) of this third semicircle increases with the catalyst layer’s thickness. Furthermore, the electrolyte resistance is shown to decrease with increasing catalyst-layer thickness. The cause of this phenomenon was identified to be increased water retention by thicker catalyst layers.

Electrochemical characteristics of grain boundaries in gadolinium and aluminum co-doped ceria and ceria-alumina composites

The influence of 1, 2, 4 and 10 cat.% Al2O3 addition on the electrochemical characteristics of commercially available 10 cat.% Gd-doped ceria and a 1:1 cat.% mixture of CeO2:Al2O3 were evaluated in our study. Analysis of the electronic conductivity and polarization-relaxation behavior of the samples showed that an Ohmic contribution to the total electronic resistance cannot only be attributed to the electrode contact resistance but is a combined contribution from the electrode interface and decreased pO2 dependence of the grain boundary resistivity of the material. The average electrical potential barrier at the grain boundaries was calculated from impedance spectroscopy data at 50–300 °C. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements were used to analyze the local Volta potential distribution at the grain boundaries of pure Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 and of samples with 4 and 10 cat.% Al addition at room temperature. KPFM measurements showed clear evidence for an increased Volta potential difference between bulk and grain boundary cores and for a considerable broadening of the Volta potential gradient at the grain boundaries with increasing Al concentration.

Ohmic and Diamagnetic Currents Contribution on the Electromagnetic Penetration Depth of a Conducting Surface

Due to its conducting electron, metal is a good reflector for electromagnetic wave. An electromagnetic wave penetrating a metallic surface has a finite penetrating depth. There are two limit that are well studied in the physics textbooks. They are high frequency electromagnetic wave penetrating a metal with small conductivity and a static (low frequency) field penetrating a superconductor (metal with infinitely large conductivity). In this article we study the intermediate regime between these two limits. By setting the electric current density as the total sum of both Ohmic and Diamagnetic currents, we derive the penetration depth in the intermediate regime., we show the transition between these two limits.

Continuous electroconversion of CO2 into formate using 2 nm tin oxide nanoparticles

Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) as electrocatalyst for the production of formate from CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). We synthesize, characterize and evaluate high surface area SnO2 NPs (2.4 nm and 299 m2 g−1 in diameter size and surface area, respectively), for the continuous production of formate at high current density within a flow electrolyzer.SnO2 NPs under Ar and CO2 reduction conditions were studied by cyclic voltammetry. SnO2-based gas diffusion electrodes (SnO2-GDEs) were manufactured to perform continuous CO2RR. A maximum formate concentration value of 27 g L−1 was achieved with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 44.9 % at 300 mA cm-2, which was significantly stable and reproducible when operated up to 10 h. Nevertheless, ohmic drop contribution due to the semiconducting properties of SnO2 was not negligible. The low total FE (< 60 %) of products pointed out a leakage of formate by crossover migration through the membrane from the catholyte towards the anolyte.

Experimental and numerical analysis of the effects of different repair mortars on the controlling factors of macro-cell corrosion in concrete patch repair

In reinforced concrete structures, the increase in the corrosion rate in the vicinity of the repair zone, due to galvanic cell formation, is known as the incipient anode effect. This study aims to investigate the effect of different repair mortars on the controlling factors of macro-cell corrosion current, induced by patch repair. Therefore, slab samples with different repair mortars, including mortar with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), repair mortar containing 5 and 9% micro-silica, and latex-modified cementitious mortar are investigated. Moreover, corrosion potential and macro-cell current between the substrate concrete and repair mortar are measured in this study, followed by determining the driving force, anodic and cathodic polarization resistance, and the ohmic drop. Using numerical simulation, a more extensive range of repair mortar resistivity and the driving force has been applied to evaluate their effects on the controlling factors of the macro-cell current. As demonstrated in the experimental results, despite the change in resistivity of the repair mortar, cathodic polarization resistance is always controlling the macro-cell current. An ohmic drop of approximately 5% will have the lowest contribution to controlling macro-cell current. In addition, simulation results illustrate that by increasing the resistivity of the repair mortars to 500 Ω m and the driving force to 500 mV, the ohmic drop contribution does will not increase significantly, while the cathodic polarization is always dominant.

Modelization of electrical and optical characteristics of short-wave infrared type I InGaAsBi/InGaAs/InP quantum wells p-i-n detector

In the present work, we will exhibit a theoretical analysis and optimization of electrical and optical characteristics of a short-wave infrared p-i-n detector closely lattice matched to conventional (001) InP substrate by the use of quaternary dilute bismide alloy InxGa1−xAs1−yBiy/InxGa1−xAs quantum wells as an active layer. The content of about 6% of Bismuth has been responsible of red-shift of the 50% cut-off wavelength from 2.2 towards 2.8 μm at room temperature, resulting in a band gap reduction of nearly 305 meV caused by the bismuth incorporation. The temperature dependence of zero-bias resistance area product (R 0 A) and bias dependent dynamic resistance of the designed structure have been investigated thoroughly to analyses the dark current contributions mechanisms that might limit the electrical performance of the considered structure. It was revealed that the R 0 A product of the detector is limited by thermal diffusion currents when temperatures are elevated whereas the ohmic shunt resistance contribution limits it when temperatures are low. The modeled heterostructure, reveals a comforting dark current of 1.25 × 10−8 A at bias voltage of −10 mV at 300 K. The present work demonstrates that the p-i-n detector based on compressively strained InxGa1−xAs1−yBiy quantum well is a potential candidate for achieving a short-wave infrared detection.

Electron power absorption dynamics in a low pressure radio frequency driven capacitively coupled discharge in oxygen

We use the one-dimensional object-oriented particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision code oopd1 to explore the properties and the origins of both the electric field and electron power absorption within the plasma bulk for a capacitively coupled oxygen discharge operated at 10 and 100 mTorr for a gap distance of 45 mm. The properties of the electric field at three different time slices as well as time averaged have been explored considering the moments of the Boltzmann equation. The electron power absorption is distinctly different at these operating pressures. The most relevant contributions to the electric field at different time steps come from the pressure terms, the ambipolar and the electron temperature gradient terms, along with the ohmic term. The same applies for the electron power absorption. At both 10 and 100 mTorr, the relative ohmic contribution to the electron power absorption remains roughly the same, while the ambipolar term contributes to power absorption and the temperature gradient term to electron cooling at 100 mTorr, and the opposite applies at 10 mTorr. At 100 mTorr, the discharge is weekly electronegative, and electron power absorption is mainly due to sheath expansion, while at 10 mTorr, it is strongly electronegative, and the electron power absorption occurs mainly within the electronegative core and the drift-ambipolar mode dominates. The agreement between the calculated values and the simulations is good for both the electric field and the electron power absorption within the plasma bulk and in the collapsed sheath region for all the cases considered.

Exact Non-Markovian Evolution with Several Reservoirs

The model of a multi-level system interacting with several reservoirs is considered. The exact reduced density matrix evolution could be obtained for this model without Markov approximation. Namely, this evolution is fully defined by the finite set of linear differential equations. In this work the results which were obtained previously for only one Lorentz peak in the spectral density are generalized to the case of an arbitrary number of such peaks. The case of the Ohmic contribution in the spectral density is also taken here into account.

Generation of H+ and OH− ions in anion-exchange membrane/ampholyte-containing solution systems: A study using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Generation of H+ and OH− ions at anion-exchange membranes is a phenomenon, which substantially reduces the performance of a number of electromembrane processes, such as the wastewater treatment, fuel cell energy production and others. We show that the mechanisms of this phenomenon are different, when a Neosepta AMX anion-exchange membrane is bathed in a strong electrolyte solution (NaCl and KCl) or in an ampholyte solution (NaH2PO4, KH2PO4, KHT and KH2Cit). The H+ and OH− ions' generation in the case of strong electrolytes requires a voltage threshold (about 0.3 V of the corrected voltage not including ohmic contribution), which relates to a current close to the limiting current. The process occurs mainly through proton transfer reactions involving the membrane functional groups. In the case of ampholytes, this generation takes place without a threshold; this process is separated in space: the generation of H+ occurs at the depleted solution/membrane interface, that of OH− ions, at the membrane boundary with the enriched solution. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) are used for the determination of the effective rate constants for the H+ and OH− ions’ generation. Their values are compared with the rate constants calculated from the acid dissociation constants (Ka).

Effect of Surface Modification of Heterogeneous Anion-Exchange Membranes on the Intensity of Electroconvection at Their Surfaces

Electroconvection is the principal mechanism that allows markedly increasing the rate of ion transfer through ion-exchange membranes in intensive current regimes. In this work, we investigated the possibility of intensifying electroconvection in solution near heterogeneous MA-41 anion-exchange membrane (Shchekinoazot production) by the modifying of its surface. The use of weakly crosslinked ion-exchange resin (MA-41P) in the course of the membrane manufacturing, with subsequent chemical modification of its surface (MA-41PM), is shown to make it possible to increase the limiting current density almost twice. The value of the reduced potential drop (after subtracting the ohmic contribution), at which significant generation of H+ and OH– ions begins, is shifted from 0.8 V in the case of MA-41 to 1.7 V in the case of MA-41PM. The current density related to the onset of water splitting is equal to 0.9$$i_{{{\text{lim}}}}^{{{\text{Lev}}}},$$ in the case of MA-41; 2$$i_{{{\text{lim}}}}^{{{\text{Lev}}}},$$ in the case of MA-41PM (where $$i_{{{\text{lim}}}}^{{{\text{Lev}}}}$$ is the theoretical value of the limiting current density). The special feature of the modified membrane behavior is the presence of a range of potential drop (between 50 and 80 mV in the reduced scale), in which the system with the MA-41PM has negative differential resistance: in this range, the potential drop decreases when the current density increases. This behavior occurs when measuring quasi-stationary I–V curves; correspondingly, in the chronopotentiogram there is a time interval, where the potential drop decreases with time. The electroconvection is intensified near a modified membrane due to a higher fraction of conductive areas on the surface of the modified membrane and the redistribution of these areas via formation of their agglomerates in the centers of the cells formed by the reinforcing mesh. Mathematical modeling shows the concentration polarization of the modified membrane being less than that of the pristine one. Meanwhile, the structure of electroconvective vortices is optimized: the vortices near the modified membrane are larger; they do not extinguish each other, unlike the case of MA-41.