Official Situations Research Articles

Особенности профессионального общения сотрудников органов внутренних дел с различными категориями граждан

The article is dedicated to special aspects of professional communication of employees of internal affairs agencies with various categories of citizens in official situations. Special attention is paid to the study of conduct in conflict situations, conclusions based on results of such situations.

Aspects of speech aggressionin Bulgarian and Czech political discourse

This article examines comparative dimensions of speech aggression in Bulgarian and Czech political discourse. The emergence of this text is linked to the increasing use of verbal aggression in the public sphere, often setting behavioral patterns in society. The hypothesis is put forth that speech aggression underlies physical aggression, and both phenomena have acquired threatening dimensions in the contemporary realities of both states. Examples of offensive and vulgar words from the last three Bulgarian parliaments are analyzed, while for the Czech Republic, the examples span a more extended period. Lexical-thematic groups containing words of an offensive and vulgar nature have been formed based on the rich excerpted material. The main conclusion of the study is that verbal insults are increasing in official situations, using lexicon characteristic of non-prestigious and unofficial communication contexts. Insult, as a speech act, expands its parameters and does not recognize the boundaries of what is permissible and impermissible in official communication.

ВЗАЄМОДІЯ HARD SKILLS ТА SOFT SKILLS У ПРОЦЕСІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ФАХОВИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ СЛУХАЧІВ ТВВ «ХМЕЛЬНИЦЬКА ФІЛІЯ АКАДЕМІЇ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПЕНІТЕНЦІАРНОЇ СЛУЖБИ»

The adaptation of the penitentiary service of Ukraine to the requirements of the world penitentiary system involves compliance with the principles of legality, justice, democracy, and humanism with the widest possible use of international standards. At the same time, there are actions that are unacceptable for the staff of the State Criminal Enforcement Service: provocations, haste in making decisions, disclosing the facts of the convict’s life, inaction and passivity, indifference. In this sense, the issue of the interaction of the so-called Hard skills and Soft skills, acquired by students during their studies at an educational institution becomes especially relevant. Among the personnel of the State Criminal and Executive Service undergoing training in the territorially Separated Branch “Khmelnitskyi branch of the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service”, an example of hard skills is the skills that trainees acquire at the practical classes. It should be noted that, in addition to hard skills, most subjects of training courses contribute to the development of soft skills as well. For example, the discipline “Tactical and Special Training”. During its studying, a number of official situations that may arise during practical work or official duties are simulated. The tasks are aimed at finding hiding places of prohibited items or preventing the rebellion of convicts and prisoners. After “playing” this situation, the teacher, with the participation of the students, conducts a discussion and analysis of the activities and actions of individual categories of event participants. As a result, a model of the best solution to a certain problem is produced. During such practical training, the teacher is able to identify the characteristics of the listener’s character, his reaction to a certain situation, the ability to think outside the box and find the optimal way out, and to correct an undesirable model of his behavior. Also, the teacher can motivate further correct actions of the person by means of encouragement. After graduating from the territorially separated branch of the Khmelnitsky branch of the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, the employees of the State Penitentiary Service constantly improve the acquired knowledge and skills in the conditions of penal institutions by conducting weekly training. The autonomy of higher education institutions allows for variations within the defined curriculum of courses, therefore, the saturation of practical classes of students with tasks aimed at group performance of the assigned task will ensure the formation and development of flexible skills, which in the future will find a positive reflection of the specialist at the workplace in the conditions of the institutions of the State Penitentiary services. Key words: Hard skills, Soft skills, Penitentiary Service.

Hard talk, costly walk: The evolution of a soft budget constraint syndrome in a football club at the periphery of Europe.

A football club is exposed to a soft budget constraint (SBC) syndrome if it still survives after finding it impossible to break even financially in the long run. This in-depth case study presents a historical analysis of the evolution of an SBC syndrome in a top-tier Arctic football club over 30 years using public archive data. In oral speeches, strategy documents, and other official situations, the hierarchy at the club emphasized the importance of operating in a financially sustainable manner, that is, complying with a hard budget constraint approach (HBC). The club went along this path during the first years after entering the top tier in the mid-1980s. This was made possible by a team of low-cost local players. However, in line with increased media and sponsorship revenues in the 1990s, the economic threshold for competing at the top-level rose. Thus, during the last two decades of the club's financial history, the budget constraint (BC) approach softened. Primarily, a distant benefactor and capital injections from a joint-stock company owned mainly by the local bank and local energy company funded the overspending. Furthermore, the study uncovers how a soft financial control and monitoring system introduced by the national football association failed to emancipate the club from the SBC syndrome. The study finally suggests some measures that can eventually harden the BC at this as well as many other financially struggling European football clubs.

Maintaining Mandaran Language in Banyuwangi Sociolinguistic Study

Regional languages, namely the mother tongue or first language for most Indonesian people, ​​ can be used in intra-ethnic interactions, both in official situations and not regional situations only. Mandaran language is used in daily communication for people of Mandar ethnic descent in Banyuwangi. Therefore, the researchers examined the maintenance of the Mandaran language in Banyuwangi. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, using observation and interview techniques to obtain data. The results of this study show that the descendants of the Mandaran ethnicity still use the Mandaran language in daily communication and, in some traditional activities, the introduction of the Mandaran language as the mother tongue to their children and amidst the rise of publications in the Banyuwangi regional language and slang.

한⋅중 시상식 수상 소감에 나타난 칭찬 응답 화행 비교 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the acceptance speeches (30 speeches in Korea and China each, a total of 60 speeches) of male and female actors who receive a lot of attention at prestigious Korean and Chinese film festivals, popular culture, art festival awards ceremony to reveal the differences in the use of the praise response tactics presented, and also the similarities between the actors in both countries when speaking in official situations. In all the compliments-response speeches of award acceptance speeches in Korea and China, we found that there are a total of 19 enunciative strategies are shown. As a result, there are many commonalities in their enunciative strategies, such as how the tactic is used, the tendency to use it, and the mode of modesty in the testimonies of the winners of both countries. Regarding the differences, first, it is the difference between the formality of thanking. Second, the difference in the scope of object in their speeches. Third, the difference is the image delivery power of the film works. Fourth, the difference is that the enunciative strategies used in the awards ceremony of Korean winners are more diverse. Lastly, there is a difference in the perception of compliments.

TEACHING OF LANGUAGE AND PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN’S READING READINESS IN HAMISI SUB-COUNTY, VIHIGA COUNTY, KENYA

One of the four skills of language development is reading. It is a form of communication that can be used in both official and informal situations. Reading entails the decoding of communicative symbols in order to get meaning from them. Children's early experiences with language lay a strong basis for future reading achievement. This article presents findings from a study that was carried out in Hamisi Sub-County in Vihiga County. The goal of the study was to look at language instruction and pre-primary school children's reading readiness. The research was guided by Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. The study utilized a descriptive survey research design. The study sample was 72 schools selected from a total of 238 to represent 30% of the school population. The schools were sampled using stratified random sampling to ensure that each division was represented by at least 18 out of the 72 schools sampled. Purposeful sampling technique was used to select two language teachers from each pre-primary school. One class was observed during a language session and five children were assessed in reading using the reading readiness assessment checklist in 30% of the sampled schools. On the study questions, headteachers and managers from the sampled schools were interviewed. Questionnaires, an interview schedule a reading readiness checklist and an observation schedule were used to collect data. Test re-test was used to establish whether the tools were reliable. The Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.9 from Cronbach’s convinced the researchers that the instruments were reliable. Data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Findings revealed that the success rate of using the language teaching techniques was moderate, with only (47%) of students in the tested schools being well equipped in reading readiness. Findings further revealed that teaching strategy had little or no impact on learners' reading preparation. The most common teaching and learning resources, according to the study are those that are available locally (52.5 percent). The study also revealed that teaching the first language encourages the acquisition of a second language (85 percent). As a result, first language development must be nourished, nurtured, and improved in order to facilitate English learning, which has a significant impact on reading readiness. The study established that the learners' social environment, educational environment and family economic situation all had a significant impact on their language learning and eventual reading readiness (47 percent). The study concluded that the environment has the greatest impact on pre-primary school children's reading readiness. Parents are encouraged to enroll their children in pre-primary schools in order to get the benefits of the first level of education.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0956/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Comparison of Different Mobile Wireless Technology (From 0G to 6G)

Networks and the value they provide. Mobile wireless technology has evolved from Zero Generation (0G) through the first, second, and third-generation systems during the last several decades to increase Quality of Service (QoS), efficiency, and performance. There is now a shift to implementing fourth-generation (4G) systems. Shortly, mobile devices will have access to 4G and 5G networks. 1G technology made mass mobile wireless communication possible. Since analog technology was superseded by digital in the 1990s, two-generation (2G) wireless communication has evolved tremendously. New converged networks that simultaneously handle voice and data transmission are emerging due to 3G technology's focus on voice communication. Currently, "5G" isn't being used in official situations. 5G research aims to expand the WWW, dynamic ad hoc wireless networks, and more. People have been involved in the Mobile Wireless Generation from one generation to another.

Mapping and Analysis of Standard Indonesian Pronunciation Errors by Using the Bigram Method

Indonesian language is increasingly being ignored, even the mass media often find the use of non-standard language, so there is a uniformity in the use of words that often appear in scientific articles, especially those Indonesian. The uniformity of Indonesian pronunciation certainly confuses the general public, for example: television news viewers and radio listeners, to distinguish between standard and non-standard forms. The non-uniformity of Indonesian pronunciation often occurs in official situations such as official speeches or presentations. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to conduct an analysis and mapping study of standard pronunciation errors that arise in several public services and develops application tools as automatically tool that can detect errors from the use of standard words obtained from voice recording results in the form of vowel errors, diphthongs and consonants by implementing the bigram method. This research was conducted by collecting voice recordings of conversations, speeches, public speaking and other recordings deemed necessary, then continued with standard pronunciation errors analysis and mapping of these errors using a tool that applied the Bigram technique. Based on statistical information obtained from the detection and correction process that has been carried out, it can be obtained a mapping of the error types in the use of Indonesian standard that often occur in public service environment. The results of the mapping and statistical information obtained are used as the basis for developing programs that aim to improve the quality of the use Indonesian standard in the form of FGDs, socialization and counseling. The study result indicate the standard of pronunciation errors that occur in various circles including presenters and lecturers, then the results of data analysis are described in the form of tables and diagrams so it is seen the percentage of errors that occur

Speech Tactics of Compliments and Compliment Responses in Gender Perspective

The present research featured the speech tactics of compliment and response to compliments in young interlocutors. The speech tactics of compliment usually depend on the following factors: communicative goal, communicative situation, speaker’s attitude, gender roles, cultural impact, etc. Depending on the communicative situation, the most frequent speech tactics were: to raise the mood of the recipient, to support them, to show one’s approval, or just because it was appropriate. Young female respondents were able to mention much more situations when they usually make compliments than male respondents. Depending on the communicative objective, young women much more often made compliments about one’s appearance, something they liked, or one’s character. The impact of Russian culture seems to be in the following opinion voiced by the respondents: compliments must be genuine, so they usually give compliments only to family and friends. There are different speech tactics of compliment responses: acceptance, acceptance with a comment / joke / reciprocal compliment, self-glorification, ignoring, etc. In an official situation where the interlocutors had equal status, the young men chose to answer with a joke / comment, to ignore the compliment, or used the tactic of self-glorification. The female respondents used such speech tactics as acceptance, acceptance with a comment, a reciprocal compliment, or a joke. While talking to male strangers in an official situation, the young men used the tactic of acceptance with a comment or ignored the compliment, while the young women tended to accept the compliment, answer with a joke, or use self-glorification tactic. When the young men were talking to a woman-stranger, they ignored the compliment, whereas the young women accepted it, answered with a joke, used selfglorification, or returned the compliment. In an informal situation, the young men ignored the compliment, demonstrated self-glorification, accepted the comment, or answered with a joke; the young women preferred acceptance with or without a comment or a joke, self-glorification, or a reciprocal compliment.

STABLE COLLOCATIONS WITH THE COMPONENT CHINITI IN THE RUSSIAN CHARTERS OF THE XIII-XVII CENTURIES

The article discusses various definitions of the term stability, as well as criteria for identifying stable collocations, and analyzes the features of using stable collocations with the verb chiniti in the texts of old Russian charters, presented in the Russian National corpus. It was discovered that the stable collocations, contained in the charters, were used to fix various official situations, the most frequent among them were situations of committing an action that doesn`t meet the standards (disputes, disagreements, rudeness, violence, cruelty, damage, harassment, oppression). It is determined that most of the analyzed stable collocations are not used in modern Russian language. It is concluded that the verb chiniti used to have a generalized meaning and wide compatibility, the meaning was concretized over time, and the verb was used only to indicate an action that deviates from normative behavior.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОМУНІКАТИВНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ПРИКОРДОННОГО ДИСКУРСУ

Specific features of border discourse as a special form of social interaction are considered in the article. The characteristic features of communicative situations of border discourse are highlighted. The conditions under which modern border discourse takes place are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the professional speech of border guards, which is characterized by professional border guard vocabulary, depending on the field of communication. Discourse is a complex communicative event or sociolinguistic structure created by interlocutors in specific communicative, social and pragmatic situations. Border discourse exists in two forms: the oral form and written form. Oral border discourse is the communication between people in the line of duty. It can be a conversation between two servicemen, between an officer and a person crossing the state border of Ukraine, or a senior officer and a subordinate serviceperson. Written border discourse is secondary to oral speech. Written speech is actually dialogical. The material of the research is presented by normative documents, educational materials, materials of mass media, in which the communicative situations of the border discourse are presented. The place of speech situations of border discourse is determined by the sphere of activity of communicators and the method of communication: personal or indirect means of communication (telephone conversations, Internet, correspondence by regular or e-mail, mass media, etc. Participants in speech situations within this discourse are border guards, academics who teach disciplines related to the activities of border guards, members of the media who cover issues related to border activities, as well as ordinary citizens involved in border discourse when crossing the state border. Motives of communication and speech intentions of communicators are determining factors in the selection of language means to achieve the communicative goal. Areas in which the border discourse takes place are official receptions, meetings, conferences, press conferences, negotiations, command and staff exercises, conferences, training situations with the use of professional border guard vocabulary, regulations, official situations at checkpoints.

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The article notes that nowadays the effectiveness of mastering English, which has long been the language of international communication and interaction for servicemen, is becoming essential. It is noted that there exist unresolved didactic problems reducing the quality of organizational and pedagogic tasks which emerge in the course of training. It is stated that in modern military aviation practice military pilots� professional activity is to a great extent characterized by their communicative competence which includes the following components: language competence (ability to communicate in all language aspects); competence of interaction (ability to use language to express communicative intention in an official situation of communication); socio-cultural competence (ability to build intercultural communication with foreign colleagues from other countries); compensatory competence (ability to successfully solve a difficult situation which might occur during flights). The article suggests the most appropriate methods of teaching and training future UAS crew members considering the specificity of goals and content of �English for Special Purposes� as a curriculum subject. Alongside with traditional methods, active teaching/learning methods such as problem-based learning tasks, analysis and solving of specific situations, role-playing games, variety of interactive exercises simulating near-real situations of professional scope are viewed as those of particular importance and efficiency. The main features of problem-based learning are determined: strengthening the focus on the personality of a cadet; expanding opportunities for interaction between a teacher and a cadet in the learning environment; development of cadets� intellectual mobility; increasing opportunities for creativity through independent work with a large number of databases offered by the teacher and present on the Internet; personalization of training through the creation of research projects featuring problematic nature; widespread access to new generation mobile devices, equipment and aircraft. The successive steps of designing a training course in �English for Special Purposes� for future UAS operators in a higher military educational institution are determined by the teacher. Key words: professional training, future UAS operators, English for Special Purposes, methods of problem-based learning.

Iran's Approach to COVID-19: Evolving Treatment Protocols and Ongoing Clinical Trials.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is challenging the health care systems around the world and compelling them to timely share their strategies, tactics and experiences. Since mid-January, a huge volume of instructions has been released by Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) covering diverse aspects of disease control and prevention. In this study, we aimed to review the instructions published either before or after COVID-19's transmission to Iran to depict the clinical approach and therapeutics used in Iran to battle the current pandemic. We retrospectively gathered and critically reviewed all official situation reports, guidelines, guidance, flowcharts, protocols, recommendations and advice released by Iranian scientific, or administrative arms of action against COVID-19. The ongoing clinical trials approved by MOHME and registered to the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) have been reviewed as well. Our study resulted in the following mainstays of Iran's approach to COVID-19: (i) active clinical screening; preferably on-line or on-phone, (ii) management of limited paraclinical resources; by using them as diagnostic tools rather than epidemiological, (iii) a trend toward outpatient care of mild-to-moderate cases; either confirmed or suspicious, with active scheduled follow-up, and (iv) avoidance of pharmacotherapy, as far as possible. The therapeutic and administrative instructions are still being actively updated with some recommendations different from the previous ones. Nevertheless, a common approach in the background could be detected, It seems that the instructions are conceptually in line with the first “National Guideline for 2019-nCoV” published on 20 January 2020. The screening has mainly been clinically oriented rather than being based on laboratory tests and MOHME seems to be following the approach of “early detection of symptomatic cases followed by early source control.”

Glazbeni život Dubrovnika u 15. i 16. stoljeću

Glazba je oduvijek bila važan dio čovjekova života. Ona je nudila ljudima svojevrstan odmak od stvarnosti odvodeći ih u svijet slobode, nesputanosti mašte. Upravo ta povezanost s ljudskom svakodnevicom uvjetovala je razvoj glazbe koji se specifično odrazio na određenim prostorima u različitim razdobljima. U ovom radu bavit ćemo se razvojem i ostvarenjima renesansne glazbe u Dubrovniku. Dubrovačka Republika je, osobito početkom 15. stoljeća, bila pod velikim utjecajem talijanskih razmišljanja i nazora. Taj se utjecaj odrazio i na glazbenu umjetnost. Naime, mnogi dubrovački glazbenici primili su svoje formalno glazbeno obrazovanje u nekom od većih talijanskih gradova koji su bili središnje točke europske renesanse. Ondje su također svjedočili izvedbama velikih glazbenih djela nastalih iz pera talijanskih skladatelja te su ih, neposredno nakon premijera, izvodili u Gradu. Osim talijanskih glazbenika, u Dubrovniku je djelovao i znatan broj drugih glazbenika stranoga podrijetla koji su također ostavili svoj trag na dubrovačku glazbu. Glazba ovoga vremena razvija se u dva različita pravca slijedeći srednjovjekovnu glazbenu tradiciju. S jedne strane možemo pratiti razvoj crkvene glazbe koja se temeljila pretežito na vokalnoj tradiciji uz postepeno obogaćivanje instrumentalnom pratnjom, dok s druge strane uočavamo pojavu profesionalnih svirača svjetovne glazbe unutar glazbenoga tijela Kneževe kapele. Osim crkvenih i svjetovnih institucija u kojima se njegovala profesionalna glazba, na dubrovačku glazbu također je značajno utjecalo i narodno glazbeno stvaralaštvo u kojem su se na specifičan način preplitali elementi vokalne i instrumentalne glazbe s plesom. U renesansnom se Dubrovniku veoma rado muziciralo u okviru raznih službenih i neslužbenih događaja. U službenim prilikama, poput proslava velikih kršćanskih blagdana, poklada i sl., glazbenici Kneževe kapele izvodili su reprezentativnu glazbu u čast Republici. Glazba se ipak češće izvodila u neformalnom okruženju. Tako se na raznim događajima, počevši od krštenja, svadbi, pogreba itd. mogla čuti svirka glazbenika Kneževe kapele te glazbenika amatera. Dubrovački glazbenici također su često imali gostovanja na dvorovima vladara susjednih država. Nažalost, o glazbenom svijetu Dubrovnika 15. i 16. stoljeća do danas svjedoče samo malobrojni sačuvani notni ostaci pojedinih skladbi te određena arhivska vrela koja nam mogu poslužiti za vrednovanje dubrovačkih glazbenih ostvaraja toga vremena te bolje razumijevanje uloge glazbe i njezine povezanosti sa svakodnevnim životom.

Formuła wyrażania szacunku w strukturze osiemnastowiecznego listu polskiego

The Honorificative Formula in 18th c. Polish Letters
 The paper discusses, from the formal, semantic, pragma- and sociolinguistic point of view, the honorificative formula that constituted one of the components of the final part of an epistolary Polish text of the 18th century. Most commonly, it took the shape of a conventionalized phrase which consisted of the preposition z (‘with’), an adjective, and a noun; e.g. z prawdziwym szacunkiem ‘with true respect’. The formula was syntactically dependent, as it was part of a larger whole – nearly always the subscription, i.e. the broadly understood signature of the author of the letter. The lexical composition of the formula showed considerable diversity. The nouns that constituted it include estymacja ‘esteem’, poważenie ‘reverence’, szacunek ‘respect’, weneracja ‘veneration’, and others. The attributes that described the main stem of the formula were also characterized by notable semantic diversity. Moreover, the honorificative formula could also appear in the form of a Latin quotation, e.g. profundo cultu. The usage of the formula depended on social and situational factors, namely it was used in letters to people of equal or higher social status (e.g. to members of princely families), as well as in highly official situations.

Conceptualization of the media role in the formation of gender culture of the last decades

The aim of the article. To Investigate the formation of media concepts and their functioning in a postmodernculture with its unprecedented effect on the mythologization of the masculine and the feminine. The theoreticalbasis. Gender culture, considered in the context of a general cultural perspective, is currently a complex andambivalent phenomenon, the debates around which are focused on the question of the ambiguous relationshipsbetween universalism and cultural relativism. It is also important that recently the mass media are changingthe established construction of gender concepts, actively influencing gender ideology in general and genderculture, in particular. The relevance of this work is determined both by the absence of a serious public discussionof gender issues in our country, and by the great effect on the mythologization of the masculine and femininethat the mass media have recently demonstrated by manipulating gender technologies in the diffuse gapbetween official gender rhetoric and real situation of gender discrimination in our society. The latter is getting more complex by the important fact that cinema and TV, having pushed off a literary work to a great extent,due to its emphasis on visualization, use the representation policy as a policy of creating, disseminating andunderstanding specific images of reality and the relations between them. The scientific novelty. Visualizationcovering all spheres of mass culture, as a rule, reproduces traditional gender stereotyping, undoubtedly, withsome postmodern amendments (“desires”, «corporality» etc.). Television is much more progressive with itsreality shows and «reality television» in general. Television series, as a rule, exploiting the topic of femalesexuality, often emphasize the issue of gender identity, and in the famous television series of recent years, thistopic is being actively developed. Cultural narratives, always being gender due to their emphasis on narratives,interact with all relevant cultural boundaries. The conclusions. Despite the new wording of the gender policiesof the “new” generation at the beginning of the 21st century, despite the unconditional changes in the overall“picture of the world”, the “small narratives” of mass culture that have emerged over the past 20 years can inno way be compared with the metanarratives of the previous millennium in terms of audience the power of theirinfluence etc. It is important to emphasize: the mass culture in which we live today is in a state of transformation,the latter determines the need for constant research of this complex and ambivalent phenomenon.

Lexical variation in Japanese dialects revisited: Geostatistic and dialectometric analysis

Abstract. Since the end of the 19th century in Japan, the official language policy enforced using Standard Japanese, based on the variety spoken in Tokyo (formerly Edo), in all official situations and in schools. Since then, Japanese dialects have been dwindling and ‘flattening’ (i.e., they retain less regional variation). Nevertheless, differences of language varieties keep being important topics and they reinforce the feeling of belonging and group formation in Japan, similarly to most languages with dialects. This study explores the spatial patterns in Japanese lexical variation based on digitised dialectal survey data (using the Linguistic Atlas of Japan) and presents first results of a dialectometric analysis, quantifying a number of factors assumed to affect lexical variation in Japanese.

Uwagi o elizji spółgłosek wargowych we współczesnej polszczyźnie mediów

Remarks on the Elision of Labial Consonants in Contemporary Polish MediaIntervocalic elision of labial consonants seems to be one of the most common types of distorting the pronunciation of contemporary Polish words in colloquial speech. This phenomenon was described by Biedrzycki (1978) as typical of everyday speech and unknown to media or in official situations. Now it has entered the world of electronic media on a large scale and has become something of a norm among television presenters as well as experts and actors. All of these speakers tend to employ articulatorily incorrect Polish in official situations. This paper includes a preliminary classification of contexts where the deletion of labials takes place, and as such it is a continuation of Jaskuła (2014). Moreover, an attempt has been made to determine the reasons for elision. Analyses of similar phenomena which can be found in the phonological literature concerning both Polish and other phonological systems have also been taken into account with a view to discovering whether or not there is an interplay between phonetics and phonology in this respect.

РEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE PROBLEM SITUATIONS IN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF FUTURE EMPLOYEES OF THE PATROL POLICE

The urgency of the article is determined by the existing problems in the professional preparedness of police officers. The training of a patrol police officer as a carrier of a new ideology of service function requires the improvement of the system of training police officers and the revision of the pedagogical conditions of educational activity. Based on the analysis of the governing documents regulating professional training of the police, the key directions of reforming the system of vocational education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine were identified. The necessity of ensuring a close relationship between science and practice and the training of skilled personnel with advanced theoretical knowledge and practical skills is determined. The analysis of the educational process of the students of the primary vocational training of police officers who were first taken to police service for the positions of the patrol police inspectors showed that the practical orientation is ensured, first of all, by the application of situational tasks when working out the practical skills of the patrol policeman during the origin of role-playing games (scenarios). The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the pedagogical conditions of application of situational tasks during professional training of patrol police officers. The authors studied the specifics of the professional program of initial training of patrol police inspectors. The program regulates a list of educational subjects and related topics that are mandatory for study, their content, scope, purpose of training, forms of final control. According to the current guidelines, the term of study is 80 academic days (4 months), the total time of training time is 732 hours. A typical curriculum includes a number of items that are normative (472 hours) and varied (260 hours) parts. A prominent place during training of police officers is given to the development of scenarios. The article describes the peculiarities of the implementation of situational tasks, the pedagogical conditions for the application of situational tasks during the professional training of prospective patrol police officers have been determined and theoretically substantiated. The main pedagogical conditions are: increasing motivation of students to study and self-education; proper level of logistics; application of situational tasks after mastering the basics of basic subjects; sufficient level of professional competence of instructors and instructors. Defined and theoretically grounded pedagogical conditions must be realized comprehensively. Failure to at least one of them significantly reduces the effectiveness of forming the skills of the correct actions in the decision of official situations.