Commission Officials Research Articles

Exploring the Readiness for Electronic Voting (E-Voting) in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Dodoma, Tanzania

There has been a lot of research on e-voting recently. Most studies assume that the implementation of e-voting is not merely about technology but also relates to several critical factors, such as the readiness of human resources and infrastructure, public trust, and others. This study explored the readiness for e-voting in developing countries, a case study of Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to examine the challenges of the current voting system, establish the e-voting readiness status in Tanzania, and find out factors for establishment of e-voting system in Tanzania. This study was quantitative in nature and obtained data from 196 respondents selected from Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) officers and voters in Dodoma using purposive and convenient sampling techniques. Data was obtained from questionnaires distributed to officers and voters. The obtained data were analysed through descriptive statistics by the help of MS excel. The results show that the current voting system is faced with several challenges including limited safety, lack of trust, threat and insecurity vulnerability to mention but a few. It was further revealed that respondents were ready to adopt and use e-voting because it improves voters’ trust, ease voting procedures, reduces transportation costs on election materials/equipment and saves time. The study recommends the Independent National Election Commission of Tanzania, through various stakeholders see the possibility of establishing e-voting to achieve free and fair elections.

Mariology in the Documents of Ecumenical Dialogue and Christian Unity

Ecumenical dialogues that seek to bring all followers of Christ closer to unity face many difficulties. One of them is the wrong understanding of ecumenism (doctrinal, spiritual and practical). Also an obstacle is the lack of distinction between the unity of Christians and the unity of the Churches. This article undertakes the presentation of another such difficulty in the path of Christian unity, which is the Mariological (doctrinal) and Marian (worship/devotion) issues. Ecumenical meetings, therefore, do not avoid such difficult topics concerning the Mother of the Lord, such as her virginity, Immaculate Conception, Assumption or her role as Mother of the Church. Many Christian traditions have different interpretations of these truths. Catholic and Orthodox communities even consider them an inalienable part of their spiritual heritage, while most Protestant communities have a more nuanced approach and do not accept these truths as binding, but reject them. A compilation of the documents to date relating to the Mother of God proves to be a big, positive surprise. Of course, these are writings of varying degrees of validity, as they come as much from international mixed official commissions as from national bilateral bodies or local debates. Nevertheless, both their prominence and impact, as well as their quantity, make it clear that the person and action of the Mother of Jesus nevertheless animates and strengthens the difficult rapprochement of the followers of her Divine Son.

Mitigating Negligence in Regulatory Enforcement: Analyzing the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 and the Criminal Procedure Code

The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 is pivotal in regulating Malaysia's communications and multimedia industry. While the Act gives Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission officers enforcement rights, it excludes the ability to make arrests, which is a privilege reserved for police officers under the Criminal Procedure Code. This paper examines the practical implications of this division of arrest authority, focusing on potential negligence in enforcement. The study examines the intersection of regulatory enforcement and the tort of negligence by reviewing relevant laws and case studies. The study found that incorporating accountability measures into the enforcement process can help maintain transparency and uphold the integrity of regulatory actions. Recommendations based on the findings suggest strategies for mitigating negligence in enforcement actions. Understanding this intersection is crucial for ensuring lawful and responsible law enforcement actions in the communications and multimedia industry.

Avoiding future surprises after acute shocks: long-term flood risk lessons catalysed by the 2021 summer flood in the Netherlands

In summer 2021, the Dutch Province of Limburg faced an acute high-water event caused by two days of heavy rainfall, resulting in €383 million worth of damage. Afterwards, various policy actors organised a number of evaluations. This study analyses these evaluations and the long-term lessons drawn from this flood event. Dealing with climate change requires insights into how lessons from acute shocks such as floods can stimulate the anticipation of climate change and solutions that can cope with future extremes. This study therefore applies policy learning theory—single, double and triple loop learning—to different layers of flood safety to analyse the extent to which governments prepare for future events and how.The results show that pre-2021 water and flood risk management policies—our point of comparison to derive what lessons emerge after the 2021 flood—focused mostly on flood prevention (layer 1) and from 1996 onwards with the start of the Room for the River programme also on spatial planning (layer 2), without paying much attention to crisis management (layer 3). Based on the 2021 flood, the official evaluation committee recommends adding two more layers to the multilayer flood safety approach: increasing water awareness (layer 0 as a base layer for the other layers) and focusing on climate-robust recovery after floods (layer 4) to improve long-term robustness. Based on our research, triple-loop learning as the deepest type of learning appeared in the form of applying the Room for the River approach to the tributary brooks systems. To prepare for the future, policy evaluations recommend improving stress tests to better deal with climate change. Futures scenarios and visions for the future are also recommended. Creating future visions can help to steer changes in existing land use and re-think areas to build or to use for water retention, for example. Governments are advised to strengthen their anticipatory capacities as part of their crisis management response and recovery systems. Furthermore, governments will need to apply the different layers for multilayer safety in an integrated way to ensure that regions are able to prepare for future floods.

The Impact of GCG, Internal Audit Eliminates Corruption and Improves Performance Company 2024

State performance and company performance will be better if corruption can be eliminated by implementing GCG and Internal Audit. The phenomenon of corruption has become entrenched, many public officials have been arrested and imprisoned for corruption cases by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and other law enforcement officials (Attorney General and Police). Even the chairman of the Corruption Eradication Commission (Firly Bahuri) was deactivated and questioned by the police over the alleged extortion case of the former Minister of Agriculture (Yasin Syahrul Limpo). In this context, we are interested in discussing the impact of GCG and Internal Audit on reducing corruption and improving performance.

Intraorganizational mobility and employees’ work-related contact patterns: evidence from panel data in the European Commission

Abstract Programs to encourage staff to move within public-sector organizations have become increasingly widespread in recent decades. Yet, although there are some anecdotal accounts, the effects of such intraorganizational mobility remain largely unexplored. Building on insights from organization theory and social psychology, we argue that intraorganizational mobility entails an important trade-off: it undermines movers’ depth of work-related contacts within the (new) department, while it increases the breadth of their work-related contacts outside it. Our empirical analysis evaluates this trade-off using a two-way fixed effects model for a longitudinal dataset of movers (N = 149) and stayers (N = 473) across two survey waves among European Commission officials in 2014 and 2018. Our main findings confirm that intraorganizational mobility is connected in opposing ways to employees’ intra- and extra-departmental work-related contact patterns. In line with theoretical expectations, we find these relationships to be stronger for employees who have previously experienced intraorganizational moves (“repeat-movers”).

Exploring the Contributory Factors of Homicide Victimization within the Province of Pampanga, Philippines

In the province of Pampanga, Philippines, particularly from 2019-2022, homicide victimization is considered the third highest crime category in the region. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring and evaluating the factors contributing to homicide victimization in Pampanga during the specific years. The descriptive research design was employed using the survey questionnaire and secondary data sources to answer the objectives of the study. A survey questionnaire was distributed purposively to 101 Police Commissioned Officers (PCO) and Police Non-Commissioned Officers (PNCO) stationed at various police stations in Pampanga. The study revealed that the homicide incidents in the province of Pampanga, Philippines from 2019-2022 occurred often in the evening and midnight during the first quarter. Homicide incidents can occur in public and private places and the perpetrators were sometimes under the influence of alcohol/liquor, and the weapons often used were guns/firearm, knives, and other blunt/bladed instruments. The motives of the perpetrators are usually out of anger or hatred, heated argument and revenge, and the often modus operandi were shooting the victims and stabbing or hacking the victims. Furthermore, the study also revealed that the crime prevention programs to prevent the occurrence of homicide incidents in Pampanga, Philippines were always implemented. Positive correlations were observed to the time of occurrence, involvement of perpetrators, weapons used, motives and community involvement.

“Should I stay or should I go”: experience does not make the expert in police snap decision-making

PurposeWe analyse the role of subject matter experts' experience in establishing performance benchmarks for ambiguous and unstructured police tasks.Design/methodology/approachParticipants included 156 students in the final week of their training to become commissioned officers of a police force (78.8% male, aged 21 to 54); 55.8% had previous experience as police officers, with 5–39 years of service (expert group). Participants completed an online questionnaire providing demographic data and responded to three written vignettes presenting critical high-ambiguity, time-pressure, and life-threatening situations.FindingsHaving prior police experience or being familiar with the situations presented in the vignettes did not impact the decisions made in two of the three vignettes. In the vignette where differences appeared, there was no clearly preferred option among the experts. Experts provided shorter and less elaborate justifications for their decisions compared to novices.Originality/valueOverall experience and personal familiarity with situations do not appear to be sufficient conditions for identifying someone as an expert in this type of tasks. Results are discussed in relation to the difference between knowing what one should do and what one does due to stress and the moral or “sacred” values prevalent in police forces.

The role and the place of physical training in the system of military education of officers of the armed forces of the Republic of Korea

The article devoted to the system of military education of commissioned officers in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Korea, which provides the basic needs in qualified specialists in all types of armed forces and troops branches, and also allows maintaining the staffing of the armed forces and their reserve components at the level necessary to solve the tasks facing before the state. Considerable attention in educational process is paid to combat, operational and physical training, as well as to the study of foreign languages. Operational and combat training in the Armed Forces is aimed to improve the ways and methods of managing troops in all types of defensive and offensive operations, achieving high combat capability, mastering the techniques of modern combined arms combat, and acquiring the necessary tactical, special and shooting training skills for the military personnel. Physical training in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Korea is one of the main ways to develop the personality of a future commander. This requires theoretical knowledge in the field of physical education, the ability to apply them in practice, the ability to manage the process of physical education of troops, as well as personal physical qualities and spiritual strength. At regular classes, commissioned officers study physical training management, physical training pedagogy, martial arts (taekwondo), which is the most widespread form of martial arts in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Korea.

TRADITIONAL DOWRY IN REPRESSING PAPUAN WOMEN’S POLITICAL REPRESENTATION JAYAPURA CITY LEGISLATIVE 2014-2019

This research investigated the impact of traditional dowry payments on the low political representation of indigenous Papuan women in the Jayapura City legislature from 2014 to 2019. Despite the election of four indigenous Papuan women to the Jayapura City legislature in 2014, there remains a significant gap in representation. This qualitative research gathered data through interviews with 30 respondents, including seven influential community figures, seven husbands of indigenous Papuan women, six Papuan students, two lecturers, three members of political parties, two female Papuan legislators, one representative from the General Election Commission, one member of the Papuan People’s Council, and the head of the Population and Civil Registry Service. Observational data were gathered from the General Election Commission Office and the indigenous Papuan community in Jayapura City. Documentation review further supplemented the research, focusing on legislative representation data, voter turnout, and customary dowry payment records for indigenous Papuan women. The data underwent rigorous re-validation to ensure the analysis accurately reflected the reality of how traditional dowry practices hinder the political participation of indigenous Papuan women in the Jayapura City legislature during the specified period. The findings reveal that the obligation for indigenous Papuan women to adhere to their husbands’ directives, a consequence of dowry payments, significantly limits their ability to engage in political activities, including legislative candidacy and community campaigning. This restriction was exemplified in the 2019 election, where only one indigenous Papuan woman was elected to the Jayapura City legislature.

The principles of physical training organisation of US Army officers

The article is devoted to the analysis of the principles of physical training organization of commissioned officers of the US Army, their implementation and effectiveness in the context of ensuring a high level of combat readiness. The US Armed Forces uses advanced technologies and scientific researches to continuously improve the physical training system, which includes the use of special training programs, monitoring of physical indicators and the development of new training methods based on scientific researches. The importance of an individual approach in training process training, as well as the integration of officers' physical training, is considered. The main goal is to understand and define the most effective and modern principles that ensure the optimal physical readiness of officers to perform their combat tasks. The article contains recommendations on optimizing the process of physical training, with the aim of increasing the functional capabilities of officers and ensuring their readiness to perform combat and training tasks in various conditions. The considerable attention is paid to the individual needs and capabilities of the US Armed Forces officers. The training programs can be adapted to specific needs and capabilities of officers, ensuring an efficient and safe physical fitness process. Physical training in the US Army is based on a high level of professionalism and motivation. This is stimulated by a system of recognition and awards, career development and provision of optimal conditions for training.

Ethiekondersteuning in zorgvoorzieningen

Ethics support in care facilities Two interrelated paths for supporting ethics in care facilities are proposed. The first path concerns the committees or working groups on ethics. The legal provisions for official medical ethics committees are discussed, as well as the search for concrete ways of operating in the practice of care facilities. Ethics committees or working groups have, in the opinion of the author, 4 tasks: advising on research projects, formulating general care opinions, giving individual advice on cases and finally organizing ethical education and awareness for care providers. The second path involves moral deliberation in the workplace. It is described how care providers can be supported to reflect themselves on ethical questions in their work situation, using an ethical method. Exploratory and analytical methods for moral deliberation are distinguished and the method ‘values in dialogue’ is elaborated. This method has strong ethical foundations and involves a value test. An important condition for these 2 paths of ethics support is the appointment of ethics reference persons who have ethics expertise, help realize the tasks of the ethics committee or working group and accompany moral deliberation in the care facility.

Principals’ Provision of Professional Development Strategies on Teacher Productivity in Public Secondary Schools in Machakos County, Kenya

There has been a worldwide concern on human relation strategies that are applied in schools by the principals to enable healthy teacher productivity. This research aimed at examining the influence of principals’ professional development strategies on teacher productivity in public secondary schools in Machakos County, Kenya. The study was guided by the human relations theory and the theory of educational productivity. The study adopted mixed methodology and the descriptive correlational designs with concurrent triangulation model. The target population was 4,369, consisting of 4,312 teachers, 291 principals, 18 Sub-County education officers and 10 Teachers’ Service Commission (TSC) officers. The sample size was 490 participants which comprised of 433 teachers and 29 principals that were randomly sampled, 18 Sub-County directors of education and 10 TSC officers who were purposively sampled. Questionnaires were used for teachers and principals. Interview schedules were used for SCDEs and TSC officers. The content validity was established through judgment by educational management experts. Reliability was established using the split-half method. A reliability index of r≥0.75 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha Method, indicating high internal reliability. Data triangulation through multiple analyses ascertained credibility, whereas dependability was established by detailed reporting of each data collection process. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, tables and inferentially using linear regression with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 24). Qualitative data was analysed thematically and presented in narrative forms and verbatim citations. The findings established that principals were not significantly using professional development among the schools and thus, affecting teacher productivity in schools in Machakos County. It was recommended that stakeholders in education work together with the schools to improve on professional development in the schools so as to improve teacher productivity

A STUDY OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY MATURITY OF THE NIGERIAN NAVY FORCE

The rate of ICT growth in the Nigerian Navy Forces is still appallingly low. Given the aforementioned factor, assessing the Nigerian Navy Force's ICT maturity level is critical as this could offer helpful insight into how to successfully integrate ICT into the Nigerian Navy Force. This research work adopted the Small-size and Medium-size Enterprises ICT Maturity model in examining and measuring the optimal utilization of technology in Nigeria Navy Force. A questionnaire designed after ICT Maturity Model of SMEs containing forty-five research questions guided this project work. The questionnaires were afterward sorted and coded according to the responses from the 30 Senior Commissioned Officers, 30 Junior Commissioned Officer and 30 Non-Commissioned Officers that participated in this research survey using the indicator stage value in the coding process. The required ICT Maturity Indexes were extracted from the respective commands and were subsequently calculated using the Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. Nigerian Navy Commands and unit were carefully selected and their ICT calculated to be significantly substantial with ICT maturity level at 0.58. This result analysis shows that ICT’s innovations and capacities are yet to be effectually and efficiently exploited within the Nigerian Navy Force. The research offers helpful insight into how to successfully integrate and measure the utilization of ICT potentials in the Nigerian Navy Force for its training and operations. The knowledge acquired would also be very beneficial for planning, budgeting, and setting funding priorities that will be specifically focused on the requirements area.

Reception of the life and work of Josef Jungmann during the period of the Nazi protectorate

The article is focused on the reception of the life and work of Josef Jungmann during the period of the Nazi Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Based on the analysis of contemporary sources, it concludes that Jungmann‘s creative personality was firmly embedded in the cultural consciousness of the nation throughout the entire period of the Protectorate. His legacy was elaborated and even purposefully commemorated by a specially established official committee of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts. Dealing with the personality of Jungmann thus represented one of the fragments of a well-thought-out persuasive strategy, through which the Nazi ideology exercised its power in the Protectorate when it encouraged Czech philology to turn to the giant of the second phase of the Czech national revival even during the most rigid Germanization.

European territorial cooperation towards territorial cohesion?

ABSTRACT Understood in some conceptual analysis as a pillar of territorial cohesion and due to its critical role in promoting territorial integration, territorial cooperation is often presented as one of the major positive achievements of European Union (EU) Cohesion Policy. In this context, this article proposes a conceptual framework to assess the contribution of the European Territorial Cooperation process, including the beyond-funding support from the Border Focal Point, to the ultimate goal of EU Cohesion Policy: territorial cohesion. For that, expertise from the leaders of European cross-border associations is used, as well as European Commission officials.

Financial Literacy for Personal Financial Matters: A Study of Indian Army Officers

The basic as well as desirable needs of a person for decent survival in today’s materialistic and globalised world demand corresponding financial resources in hand. Irrespective of the profession and societal strata, individuals have their own financial aspirations and challenges. Financial literacy enables a person with understanding of financial terms and concepts besides imbibing skills, consciousness, talent and attitude to take important financial decisions. Military service having peculiar service conditions and limited exposure to financial field further makes it imperative to study the subject for inclusivity as very few studies have looked into financial issues pertaining to military personnel. The main aim of this research paper is to ascertain financial literacy of Commissioned Officers of Indian Army. For the study, 133 serving Commissioned Officers of Indian Army of varying age and length of service constituted the sample. Non-Probability technique of selecting sample has been used for the study wherein Purposive sampling is used to draw responses from the sample units. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect Primary data from serving Commissioned Officers of Indian Army. Detailed analysis has been carried out for the collected data using various tools and techniques in Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The study has brought out that financial literacy levels of serving commissioned officers of Indian Army are high. Though the demographic variables and financial literacy levels of Indian Army officers are not statistically associated, however overall high levels of financial literacy indicate their maturity of thought and quest for learning. Overall, the study outcomes indicate a healthy state for the organization and the Nation in terms of financial literacy of serving Commissioned Officers of Indian Army with respect to personal financial planning.

Examining the roots of turnover intentions in the Royal Norwegian Navy, the role of embeddedness, work-life conflict and predictability

Abstract Retaining qualified personnel is a priority for armed forces, and turnover presents a serious problem. This study uses job embeddedness theory to investigate embeddedness factors, predictability and work–life conflict as predictors of turnover intentions in commissioned officers (COs) and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) in the Royal Norwegian Navy. The study posits that career prospects, community fit, organisational fit and organisational links embed personnel and are associated with a reduction in turnover intentions. In addition, the study proposes a mechanism whereby personnel who experience a predictable work schedule have better work–life balance and subsequently lower turnover intentions. Predictability in turn is hypothesised to be associated with the possibility of flexible hours. Using structural equation modelling, we find that embeddedness factors predicted turnover intentions for both personnel categories, but career prospects were the only significant embeddedness factor for NCOs. Predictability was associated with a reduction in turnover intentions via work–life conflict for both groups. In addition, flexible hours showed an effect on work–life conflict for both groups, but through different mechanisms. Overall, the results point to differential actions to reduce turnover between COs and NCOs in the armed forces and conclude with a priority list for actions to reduce turnover in each personnel group.

From liberalisation to regulation: managerial political work in the European digital copyright policy (2014–2019)

ABSTRACT The 2019 Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market represents an intriguing departure from the anticipated path of liberalisation in public policy. While it includes provisions seemingly aligned with the liberalisation of the Digital Single Market by relaxing digital copyright enforcement, it also introduces mechanisms that bolster digital copyright protection, signalling a shift towards market regulation. This paper explores why and how Jean-Claude Juncker’s European Commission proposed a directive featuring robust regulatory elements despite initial promises of copyright deregulation within the Digital Single Market. Combining insights from political economy and political sociology, I examine the concept of ‘political work’ as the practice of promoting, defending, and implementing a choice of public action. Within this framework, I identify a managerial dimension of political work involving political practices that influence the institutional structure and management of public action. Utilising a qualitative methodology involving twelve in-depth interviews with Commission officials conducted between 2018 and 2021, alongside document analysis, I demonstrate how Jean-Claude Juncker and his cabinet’s managerial political work, encompassing organisational reforms within the Commission, played a pivotal role in steering the proposed policy towards regulation.

The Sequence of Administrative Decisions Due the Organisation of Physical Training Process of Commissioned Officers

The article highlights a problematic issue and shows that management process is of decisive importance for the effective use of the combat capabilities of military formations during their performance of combat missions in modern warfire. The process of making management decisions, the ability to approve these decisions, which are necessary for the performance of management functions, is the basis of management theory. The commander needs to combine the skills of a qualified military specialist, leader and teacher, capable of making successful decisions in order to successfully manage all aspects of routine, moral, psychological and combat training of personnel. Many factors affect the process of making and implementing management decisions. They are the most significant: society and the environment in which the decision is made; compliance of the management elements with the purpose, vision and mission of the military unit; individual qualities of the leader (existence of life principles, value system, ideology, education, life experience, knowledge, habits, etc.); interdependence of decisions (one important decision entails the need to make a number of less important decisions); the risk and possibility of negative consequences due to wrong decisions; the degree of provision of modern technical, material means and weapons and the possibilities of their application in the decision-making process. An important role in the process of making a management decision by a commissioned officer is military internship. During this internship various combat situations are simulated under extreme conditions of training and combat activities with increased physical and psycho-emotional stress. Also, favourable conditions are created for commissioned officers to master the practical skills of performing there official duties, studying the content of commanders' activities to ensure a high level of combat readiness, organization and order in the real conditions of the functioning of military units.