Official Business Research Articles

The Impact of Logos on Intrastate Variation of Response Rates for the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in Nevada.

Survey response rates have varied for Nevada's administration of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) across the state. The authors evaluated whether using different logos for survey distribution would impact response rates. Using focus groups and an online survey, we asked how participants perceived three logos (which was the most likely to be opened, most trustworthy, and must credible). Results showed that the State seal would be the mostly likely opened, but they were likely to discard it if the envelope's contents were not official business. The University's logo was polarizing in some areas. A PRAMS-specific logo survey may be more effective, as it was seen as "inviting" and adequately described the contents of the envelope. Further research is needed to better explore the impact of logos on mail distributions for public health surveillance surveys.

Expressive and stylistic aspects of translating national literature through an intermediary language: the case of translating a Kazakh story into the Yakut language

This article examines the artistic translation of the Russian text of the story “Political Action” by the Kazakh writer A. Askarov into the Yakut language, carried out by the Yakut writer and translator V.N. Lukovtsev. In the course of the study, the characteristics of the text in Russian were carried out as an intermediary text, acting as a link in intercultural interaction; ways of preserving the national coloring of the Kazakh culture were considered; as well as the equivalence of the transfer of expressive and stylistic aspects when translating the story into the Yakut language with the participation of the Russian language as an intermediary language. The purpose of the study is to analyze the expressive and stylistic aspects of the translation of national literature into the Yakut language through the participation of an intermediary language (Russian). The Yakut language differs significantly from other Turkic languages, therefore the Russian language for the Sakha people is the language of interethnic communication between the Turkicspeaking peoples. The relevance of the article is due to the insufficient development of the problem of translating stylistic devices of related literatures and understanding of national stylistics in translation. To identify the transfer of national coloring to the Yakut language, interjections, addresses, phraseological units were used as examples. The analysis demonstrates that when translating, it is possible to achieve that humorous, satirical effect of the original text, which consists in the author’s composed use of turns of official business speech, cliched combinations of journalism, colloquial vocabulary, phraseological units and artistic and visual means of language. As a result, it was revealed that the Yakut text acquired a satirical content adequate to the original text with the effect of humor and irony. The translation strategy, focused on conveying the individual style of the author of the work, forces the translator to choose a syntax as close as possible to the syntax of the translation language.

Neologisms in the Sphere of Contract law: Linguo-Legal Aspects

The article covers the study of semantic, structural and functional features of neol-ogism terms used in contract law to denote various types of payments and lease of vehicles. The rapid development of technology and engineering has led to the emergence of new forms of implementation of contractual legal relations. Moreo-ver, the nomination of these forms is carried out through borrowed terms. The arti-cle attempts to conduct a linguistic and legal analysis of some English-language terms widely used in everyday life of citizens: cash back, annuity payment, car sharing, kick sharing, bike sharing, scooter sharing, ride sharing. The methodolog-ical basis of the study is represented by general scientific methods and techniques (comparison, description, classification, etc.), as well as methods of structural and semantic analysis (component and distribution analysis), contextual analysis, defi-nitional analysis. The sources of language material are the texts of regulatory legal acts, documents of judicial practice, scientific works in the field of linguistics and jurisprudence, publications in the media, reference literature. Examples of linguistic implementation of neologism terms in official business and scientific style texts are presented. It is revealed that the considered neologisms have significant derivation-al potential - compound terminological units are formed on their basis. The possi-bilities of replacing short foreign-language terms with constructions of a complex analytical structure are analyzed and the expediency of such transformations is as-sessed. Conclusions are made about the need to adopt measures at the state level aiming at regulating the process of using foreign-language vocabulary, as well as that further development of the language of civil law in the sphere of contractual relations should be linked with the codification in legislation of neologism terms denominating various types of payments and rent.

Stylistic Code Inconsistences in Machine Translation of Information Press Releases

The article considers the adequacy of machine translation in terms of linguistic norms in the target language and compliance with the corresponding stylistic genre. The relevance of the study is determined by the active implementation of artificial intelligence technologies that provide the possibility of machine translation, which contributes to the optimization of communication processes. The aim of the study is to analyze official press releases from English into the Russian language with the help of DeepL, an online translator. The research material included 2024 governmental information materials – press statements, media notes, special briefings, and notices to the press – a total of 35,000 words. The research methods included definitional analysis, establishing the correspondence of the target language to the source language in terms of equivalence and adequacy, semantic-contextual analysis. As a result, multiple cases of word-by-word translation, violations of Russian linguistic norms in stylistics, lexical combinatorics, and syntax were identified. Stylistic inconsistences occur due to word-for-word translation and insufficient analysis of the surrounding context. In terms of frequency, stylistic errors are classified in the descending order: incorrect translation of abbreviations, violations of lexical combinatorics, syntagmatics and morphology. Literal translation and translation-free method are applied for translating abbreviations and lexical units lacking Russian equivalents. In order to avoid violations of stylistic norms of the Russian language, a deeper semantic analysis of the original text is required for adequate selection of terms, adverbial collocations and nominative units. The identified cases of stylistic violations indicate the need to train the translation program in the methods of holistic transformation, semantic development and complex linguistic units of the official business style. Recommendations for improving the online translator’s work include learning clichéd expressions and extended syntactic constructions peculiar to the Russian official formal style, which are much more complex than the equivalent English structures.

Optimization of packaging and marketing of Awaina Shrimp Paste as a leading product of Langsa City

Indonesia's coastal resources provide livelihoods for many communities, including Langsa City in Aceh Province, known for its shrimp paste production. Terasi Awaina, a local shrimp paste business, faces challenges with outdated packaging and limited marketing reach. This community service project aimed to optimize Terasi Awaina's packaging and marketing strategies. Conducted over six months, the project involved surveys, practical training, outreach, and mentoring to enhance the business's operations and market appeal. Training focused on modern packaging techniques and establishing an official business website. The results showed significant improvements in participants' knowledge and skills, increased production efficiency, and expanded market reach. Modern packaging and a professional online presence boosted sales and competitiveness. This project demonstrates the potential for technological and digital solutions to drive sustainable development in traditional industries, contributing to economic growth and improved livelihoods in rural communities.

Visual Branding Strategies in Indonesian Coffee Shops and Street Food Vendors: A Semiotic and Thematic Analysis

This study examines visual branding strategies in Indonesian coffee shops and street food vendors, focusing on colour schemes, typography, symbolism, and design complexity in shaping brand identity and consumer perception. As competition in the food and beverage (F&B) industry intensifies, small businesses rely on visual identity for customer attraction and differentiation. A qualitative visual content analysis was conducted on 40 logos (25 from coffee shops and 15 from street food vendors) collected from GoFood, GrabFood, ShopeeFood, Instagram, and official business websites. The study applied semiotic and thematic visual analysis, coding logos based on colour psychology, typography style, symbolism, and design complexity. Two independent coders reviewed the data, achieving an inter-coder reliability score of 0.85 (Cohen's Kappa). The findings reveal that coffee shop logos favor minimalist aesthetics, featuring earthy tones (brown, green, cream), serif typography, and coffee-related symbols to convey premium quality and artisanal craftsmanship. In contrast, street food vendor logos use bold colours (red, yellow, orange), playful typography, and culturally significant symbols to enhance visibility, stimulate appetite, and reinforce authenticity. These results confirm the psychological impact of visual branding, where warm colors drive impulse purchases, while muted tones foster trust and long-term engagement. This study provides practical insights for small business owners, branding professionals, and graphic designers, emphasizing strategic alignment between visual branding and target market expectations. Future research should explore digital branding, cross-cultural branding, and multimodal brand identity strategies to develop a more comprehensive understanding of F&B visual communication.

The peculiarities of the lexemes representing the concept of "correctional institution" in English and Russian penitentiary discourse

This article is devoted to the study of the complex structure of the concept of correctional institution, which can be represented by both terms and commonly used lexemes in a comparative aspect. The subject of the work is lexico-semantic representation of the concept of correctional institution in English and Russian terminosystems in the field of jurisprudence. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of verbal representation of the concept of correctional institution in English and Russian texts in the field of law. When writing the article the following research methods were used: method of comparative analysis, method of component analysis. The central concept in the functional-semantic field, representing the concept of "correctional institution" in the English language is "prison". However, along with it, the terms "jail" and "penitentiary" are present in the everyday vocabulary of native speakers, which together are part of the official business and artistic styles. This work establishes the frequency and conceptuality of each of the above terms, based on the method of comparative analysis, the external conditions under which the use of a particular concept is semantically conditioned are established. Using the method of analogy, it was revealed which of the synonyms available in the English language most correspond to the Russian-language terms "prison", "pre-trial detention center", "colony". The practical value of the article consists in the possibility of using its materials in the compilation of dictionaries, as well as in the development of classes on comparative terminology of English and Russian languages, comparative lexicology of English and Russian languages, intercultural communication in universities.

Establishment and activity of the State Senate of the Ukrainian State in 1918

The article examines the process of formation and operation of the State Senate of the Ukrainian State in 1918 on the basis of archival materials. It is noted that at the initial stage of its activity, the highest judicial body of the Ukrainian State was the General Court, which was established during the period of the Central Rada. Skoropadskyi questioned the expediency of establishing the General Court and subsequently passed a law establishing the State Senate as the highest court in the judicial system of the Ukrainian State. The scope of the State Senate’s competence and the procedure for proceedings were largely regulated by the legislation of the former Russian Empire. The highest judicial body consisted of senators and the President of the Senate. The State Senate was divided into administrative, civil and criminal general courts. The law established qualification requirements for candidates for the position of senator, including a law degree and at least 15 years of work experience. Senators were prohibited from holding positions in the executive branch, but in practice there were cases of combining positions. They were allowed to engage in teaching activities. All senators and presidents of general courts were appointed by order of P. Skopopadskyi on the proposal of the Minister of Justice. If a criminal case was initiated against a senator, he was temporarily suspended from performing his duties. It was found that a significant number of former judges of the General Court were appointed to the State Senate. In general, the highest judicial body is staffed by qualified professionals. The language of official business documents in the State Senate was both Russian and Ukrainian. In some cases, office work was conducted in both languages in parallel. Sometimes only Russian was used. To ensure the successful functioning of the State Senate, the staff of the chancellery was approved. All documents of the State Senate were duly registered. The structure of the offices of the general courts was determined by temporary instructions approved by the prosecutors of the respective courts. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the author establishes the number of criminal, civil and administrative cases which were submitted to the State Senate and which were resolved.

„Vieglā valoda. Rokasgrāmata” – pirmais vieglajai valodai veltītais izdevums latviešu valodā

In February 2022, the University of Latvia Press published the electronic book “Easy-to-Read Language: a Handbook” as part of the ERASMUS+ cooperation project “Promoting Easy-to-Read Language for Social Inclusion” (abbreviated to PERLSI). It was one of the project results. The necessity for this publication was determined by the fact that, like in many other countries, the number of people who are unable to comprehend longer sentences and more complex texts has increased in Latvia. The people affected by this can be both children with special needs and adults with impaired cognitive skills due to trauma or illness. In addition, the target audience also includes people who have just started to learn Latvian, for example, immigrants and children. The book is intended for a wide range of users: language experts (interpreters and translators using easy-to-read language), teaching staff, including special needs teachers, journalists who create news reports in easy-to-read language, public relations professionals, and social workers. The handbook, which contains eight chapters, was written by a group of authors. The paper provides a general overview of the handbook; however, particular attention is paid to the chapter dedicated to language, which contains advice on how to adjust and adapt a text in easy-to-read language: specific recommendations concerning word formation, morphology, usage of lexis, and syntax. The chapter draws on the compiled advice from experts in the field and the experience of Latvian Radio journalists. Official business style is the most widespread in easy-to-read language, as it corresponds to its core principle: the information must be presented in a way that is easily understandable without using complex sentence constructions. The paper summarises the advice in four subsections, covering word formation, lexis, grammar (morphology and syntax), and text creation. In word formation, unnecessary prefixes, verbal nouns, abstract nouns, abbreviations, and short forms should be avoided; the same principle applies to long words and compounds. Regarding the morphological (grammatical) level, active verbs and active voice must be used; particular attention must be paid to the precise usage of personal pronouns. In terms of lexis, well-known words (including common and well-known foreign words) should be used, while synonyms, as well as expressive and figurative language, must be avoided. The sentences must be simple and easy to understand, and longer sentences must be split into smaller units.

Pelatihan Pembuatan NIB dan Digital Marketing Bagi Pelaku UMKM di Moyudan

This service activity aims to provide an understanding of making a Business Identification Number (NIB) and the application of Digital Marketing in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This service was carried out at Warung Soto Seger Bu Tini MSME located in Sumbersari Village, Moyudan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. This activity was carried out using observation, training and evaluation methods directly to business actors consisting of 2 stages of activities, namely Making a Business Identification Number with the Online Single Submission (OSS) system and implementing digital marketing in the use of social media, making catalogs in the Canva application and digital payments (QRIS). As a result of this activity, business actors can get a Business Identification Number as proof of an official business license and obtain legal representation guarantees, as well as an increased understanding of MSME actors in using digital tools to market their products.

Linguistic technologies of informational and psychological influence on mass consciousness (based on the speeches of political leaders)

Mass psychology is examined based on the works of such theorists as Gustave Le Bon, Sigmund Freud, and Edward Bernays, to highlight the linguistic aspect of informational and psychological influence on collective consciousness.The nature of the herd instinct in humans has been investigated and it has been revealed how propaganda aimed at basic human instincts which William McDougall wrote about, can cause emotional reactions and shape public opinion. It was found that the language of the mass media is a separate sub-style of the journalistic style, with characteristic stylistic features that also belong to this style. The vocabulary of the journalistic style contains elements of scientific, official business and artistic speech, including colloquial and slang vocabulary, which often has an emotional and expressive color. Various stylistic techniques such as metaphors, humor and other tropes are actively used in such speech. As part of the study of the Effects-Based Operations (EBO) concept, the importance of manipulating consciousness to achieve desired results is emphasized. Modern informational influence in the Internet space is part of broader informational and psychological operations (PSYOP), where web formats play an important role in influencing the consciousness of target groups, changing their psychological instructions and stimulating certain actions. Recruitment, the process of attracting individuals to cooperate through shared interests or rewards, aims to use the resources or information of allies. A significant role in this process is played by targeting, which allows you to identify the target audience and deliver the appropriate advertising message to them. Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), which uses language and behavioral influence techniques, is also an important tool for influencing consciousness. These include reframing, pseudoselection, truisms, repetition, ordering, and command words. The use of such lexical means aims to subjugate the masses to propaganda purposes.

Quantitative characteristics of Russian vocabulary internationalization

The article is devoted to the competition of borrowed and native vocabulary in the Russian language in the 18th–20th centuries. The relevance of the study: due to the large number of non-native speakers, the etymological picture of Russian vocabulary is somewhat shifted towards the dominance of internationalisms, characterized by their universality and conventionality in most languages. This fact predetermines a spontaneous transformation of the typical lexical tools of scientific, official business and journalistic speech, and calls for the need to change the lexicographic norms.Our analysis has shown that internationalisms, denoting already existing concepts, can displace native words, especially in literary speech. The article identifies linguistic patterns in lexical combinability of native and borrowed words, and determines stylistic differences between them. When working with text corpora, we have revealed discrepancies in syntactic combinability between synonyms, which allows us to state the stylistic demarcation of borrowings and native Russian words. Etymological synharmonism and connotation show the way words of different genesis form context. We studied the change in the frequency of native and borrowed words’ usage in diachrony using text corpora.As a result, we have come to the following conclusions: borrowed words have a clearer semantic orientation in the Russian language; they are characterized by a lower frequency and narrow combinability. We have analyzed the cases of native lexemes’ displacement by foreign-language borrowings from the point of view of their frequency growth dynamics in the corpus. We have determined the average duration of the period, during which a foreign word exceeds its analog frequency of the Slavic origin in book speech – 40-60 years. The results obtained are important for studying the deep changes in society, since we are talking about internationalisms that denote already existing social phenomena or objects.

ANALISA KINERJA KEUANGAN UNTUK KEPUTUSAN PEMBERIAN KREDIT PADA BANK MANDIRI KCP BELAWAN

This research aims to determine the influence of Financial Performance Analysis on Credit Granting Decisions at Bank Mandiri KCP Belawan. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research are that the factors that can make a credit application accepted by the bank are (1) the debtor already has an official business license and NPWP, (2) the debtor must have 50% capital before applying for credit and the business is managed directly by the debtor himself. , (3) The debtor must be cooperative and open when asked about his efforts to arrange credit, (4) The debtor has never had a history of arrears in payments. (5) The debtor has never been involved in legal problems, (6) The value of the collateral provided by the debtor must be in accordance with the market price when applying for credit, (7) The established business has been running for approximately 1 year, (8) The business location is convenient accessible to local residents. If a business has no debt (current debt = 0), neither the current ratio nor the quick ratio can be calculated in the usual way and is considered undefined or infinite, then this shows that the business has a very strong liquidity condition because there are no liabilities. short term needs to be met.

ОСНОВНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ-ИНОСТРАНЦЕВ В РАМКАХ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ «ДЕЛОВОЙ ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК»

The article discusses the issues of formation of intercultural competence of foreign students within the discipline "Business foreign language, business Russian". Special attention is paid to the general description of the content of this discipline from the point of view of the Russian as foreign language, material is offered for working with foreign undergraduates and the tasks of developing intercultural competence are described: improving the language level, getting an idea of Russian business life, familiarization with official business and scientific discourse. The main difficulties of working with foreign students are considered. Special attention is paid to the traditional model of teaching business communication, an introduction to the peculiarities of oral business discourse and the main features of Russian business life is offered. The article outlines the prospect of methodological work on the discipline "Business foreign language and business Russian".

КӨРКӨМ КОТОРМОДО САНАРИПТИК ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРДЫ КОЛДОНУУ

In today's world, digital technologies play a key role in the field of translation, especially in a formal business context. However, their use in the translation of fiction remains less common. This article explores the possibilities of using digital methods in pre-translation activities and evaluates their effectiveness in the context of translating literary works. Special attention is paid to the issues of introducing digital technologies into the work of a translator of literary texts and their potential application in teaching. Using the example of the translation of Kyrgyz poetry, the problems arising from the use of digital means, including machine translation, are considered. This article offers an analysis of the possibilities and limitations of digital technologies in the context of translating literary texts in order to improve the quality and speed of translation. Digital technologies are actively being introduced into the work of a translator, especially in such areas as written translation in official business discourse. Digital technologies are used less often in the translation of fiction, but such techniques allow for pre-translation activities. In other words, it provides a literal translation of the text and helps to find the literal meaning of each word in the dictionary. However, some digital methods can be successfully used in the translation of literary works.

CPTPP State-Owned Enterprise Rules and Our Countermeasures

State-owned enterprises (soes) play an important role in the global economy. Some developed countries believe that because of the state nature of SOES, SOES enjoy more privileges and unfair competitive advantages than private enterprises, including government subsidies and regulatory incentives, so that their market competitiveness and overall strength are strong. In order to get rid of the “Official business” advantage of state-owned enterprises, promote the equal competition between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and reduce the concern of state-owned enterprises, the rules of our state-owned enterprises are gradually formed. For the first time in the international market, CPTPP specifically regulates the rules of state-owned enterprises. Compared with other free trade agreements, cPTPP's SOE rules are characterized by stronger competition neutrality rules, wider scope of application, more non-commercial aid rules and higher transparency. In the context of China's imminent accession to CPTPP, this paper analyzes the regulation of our state-owned enterprises that have signed the free trade agreement, and finds that the number of state-owned enterprises to be regulated in the free trade agreement is small and the level of regulation is low. Therefore, we must actively negotiate the new issues of state-owned enterprises and actively participate in the construction of international rules of state-owned enterprises. For the CPTPP high-level SOE rules negotiation, we should follow China's national conditions, study the introduction of ownership-neutral competition-neutral principle as the core, and further deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises to standardize the way of subsidies.

Тенденция к демократизации как предпосылка экономичности выражения смысла и ее проявление в текстах публицистического и официально-делового стиля

The purpose of the study is to systematize the trends of democratization of the modern Russian language in terms of the manifestation of linguistic economy in journalistic and official business discourses at the syntactic level. The article considers examples demonstrating the implementation of the principles of linguistic economy in texts of journalistic and official business style at the syntactic level. It has been established that language economy is important for effective communication, allowing speakers to convey their message clearly and effectively. By avoiding verbosity and unnecessary complexity, senders of communication messages can ensure that the audience understands their meaning without unnecessary cognitive effort. Syntax plays a crucial role in achieving communication efficiency and effectiveness. The democratization of syntax in a journalistic style is caused by the need to reach a wider audience and reflect the changing dynamics of media consumption. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time, based on the material of the journalistic and official business discourses of the Russian language, current trends in softening style norms are shown, which gives an idea of the dynamics of language development under the influence of extralinguistic factors. The result of this research is to establish trends in the development of stylistic norms of the modern Russian language in journalistic and official business styles.

Systematization of English pseudo-internationalisms of the official business style when translated into Russian

Systematization of English pseudo-internationalisms of the official business style when translated into Russian

Infiltration of Illusory Ideas About Slavic Paganism into Modern Russian Scientific and Official Business Discourses: Sociocultural Risks

Infiltration of Illusory Ideas About Slavic Paganism into Modern Russian Scientific and Official Business Discourses: Sociocultural Risks

LEXICAL FEATURES OF THE OFFICIAL AND BUSINESS STYLE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND THE CHINESE LANGUAGE ON THE MATERIAL OF THE “JOINT STATEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS AND STRATEGIC INTERACTION ENTERING A NEW ERA”

Based on the “Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and China” in 2019, the article is devoted to the problem of lexical features of the official business style of the Russian language and Chinese. The article reveals the definition of official business style according to the opinions of Russian and Chinese scientists, analyzes the main lexical features, compares the similarities and differences of lexical features between Russian and Chinese.