Official Authorities Research Articles

TikTok and active audiences in processes for political and structural change. An exploratory study based on the Scottish referendum

Plebiscites, secession consultations, and referendums are electoral processes that are different from conventional voting. Conversations before these types of elections tend to focus on very different aspects than those generated during the election of an authority or public office, with a focus on the future impacts that each decision may have on a country, generally taking one side or the other. In the current media ecosystem, this conversation takes place largely on social platforms and networks, where users consume content and interact with it, becoming active prosumer audiences. The aim of this research is to determine what elements determine this type of discourse on TikTok –as a social network that is trending among digital communities–, what type of profiles promote them, and what narrative code is used. To this end, based on the case of the referendum planned in Scotland for 2023, an exploratory quantitative and qualitative study is proposed based on the publications discriminated by hashtags related to the topic through an analysis carried out in an application called PyCharm (Python) TikTok Research. The results suggest that on TikTok this type of content has a large reach, but it is not possible to determine precisely whether it has a specific effect or impact. However, the rate of user engagement and interaction with this content opens the possibility of eventually greater influence than on other platforms.

Post-crisis recovery management of tourism: Lesson Learnt from the Easter Sunday attack in Sri Lanka

International tourism has evolved into one of the largest global economic sectors, contributing significantly to many national and local economies. However, the crises have caused much loss and damage over the last few decades, burdening the tourism industry. On April 21, 2019, the day of Easter Sunday, Sri Lanka experienced a series of unexpected attacks. It caused many problems and challenges to the tourism industry. This study attempts to understand respondents who are involved in the tourism industry's lived experiences of the Sunday easter attack and their involvement in recovery. The qualitative research method, particularly the phenomenological approach, was adopted to collect and analyse data through the lens of the stakeholder theory. Senior managers representing the different tourism industry sectors were purposively approached and interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that the easter Sunday attack negatively influenced the number of tourist arrivals and experiences. However, a well-designed crisis management plan under the control of the official authority can minimise the risk and reduce the negative impact of the incident. Therefore, this study presents an innovative integrated model that could be used as a crisis management plan to restore the tourism industry.
 Keywords: Disaster, Easter Sunday attack, Recovery process, Tourism, Phenomenology, Stakeholder theory

Analisis Efektivitas Predikat Wilayah Birokrasi Bersih Melayani (Wbbm) Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Pas Bandara Kantor Otoritas Bandar Udara Wilayah III

The Office of the Airport Authority Region III is one of the government agencies that provide public services to the public, namely airport PAS services, therefore the Office of the Airport Authority Region III participates in the government program to build a good and clean government by designing the construction of an integrity zone towards a Serving Free Bureaucratic Area (WBBM) to improve the quality of its services. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the WBBM predicate and the supporting and inhibiting factors in improving the quality of airport PAS services at the Office of the Airport Authority Region III. The research method used is mixed methods, which means combining quantitative and qualitative research simultaneously with the chosen strategy, namely sequential explanatory. The data sources obtained are primary and secondary data with the data collection techniques used are interviews, documentation, and direct observation at the Region III Airport Authority Office. The results of this study indicate that the WBBM predicate is effective in improving the quality of airport PAS services as evidenced by the SKM results which continue to increase from 2020 to 2022 and changes in the airport PAS service system to online services. Factors that support the improvement of the quality of airport PAS services are the six areas of change in WBBM and the existence of inhibiting factors, namely websites that have not been properly managed, human resources that have not provided excellent service, and lack of work ethic in providing services

Real-time power theft monitoring and detection system with double connected data capture system

Power utilities worldwide are facing enormous challenges when it comes to the distribution of electricity. With these challenges, electricity theft is regarded as the most common challenge in the electrical distribution system. Electricity theft can be meter tampering done in consumer houses and illegal connections done using hook-ups from the distribution pole grids. These electricity theft challenges have caused power utilities to reconsider customer engagements focusing on feedback, putting loss detection systems in their distribution system networks, using artificial intelligence to schedule maintenance and other asset management activities, etc. The main focus of this paper is to design a real-time power theft monitoring and detection system that is able to detect power theft in distribution systems. This proposed system utilizes smart meters consisting of an Arduino ATMega328P microcontrollers with GSM modules (Global System for Mobile Communication) used for system communication. Cloud storage is created to store the smart meter data. Simulations of the proposed system were done using Proteus Design Suite v.8.10 SP3 software. The proposed system is practically constructed for prototype measurement results. Should power imbalances be measured by the system, the authority office will receive an SMS notification as an alert for power theft detected by a specific smart metering system. The authority office will analyse the power measurements sent to the cloud storage (MATLAB Online, ThingSpeak IoT channels display), and further action will be taken.

Correlation of legislation on administrative proceedings and on administrative offenses

Based on a complex system analysis, the article examines the theoretical and legal principles that determine the relationship between legislation on administrative proceedings and administrative offenses in the context of adaptation to the European legal space. The research used general scientific methods and methods of private scientific knowledge - formal-logical, formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative-legal, and systemic-structural. Based on the analysis of current legislation and various scientific approaches, it is concluded that administrative proceedings should be understood as the form of administration of justice by a competent court in an administrative case; the procedural law-established form of court activity in accordance with the tasks, principles, institutions and norms of administrative law and process, in compliance with the rules of competence, sub-department, jurisdiction, procedural rights and guarantees of the participants in the case and process. It noted that the interrelationship of administrative proceedings and proceedings in cases of administrative offenses determined by a common goal – protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of individuals and legal entities in the field of public legal relations from violations by authorities. The relationship between administrative justice and civil and economic procedural law indicated. It indicated that proceedings in cases of administrative offenses are within the competence of a wide range of subjects of administrative jurisdiction: judges, collegial bodies, officials of public authorities. Proceedings in cases of administrative offenses are legally authoritative activities of authorized subjects of administrative law (judges, bodies, officials) regarding the resolution of cases of administrative offenses, which carried out in an administrative-procedural form. Administrative proceedings is a branch of judicial activity, which introduced as a means of judicial control in the field of public-legal relations, which distinguishes administrative proceedings from proceedings in cases of administrative offenses.

Modern methods of crime prevention related to the excess of official power or authority in the law enforcement system

The general objective of the article was to discuss modern methods of crime prevention related to the excess of official power or authority in the system of public order. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Thanks to its application, legal and social phenomena influencing the actions of law enforcement officers were analyzed. In the interconnection, the statistical data of the survey, on the judicial practice concerning the issues of abuse of power by law enforcement officers, were also studied. Over the past eight years, 391 judgments were rendered in Ukraine, 4258 decisions on procedural actions during the consideration of offenses under Article 365 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is concluded that measures to prevent crimes related to abuse of power should be comprehensive. In particular, they must be effectively correlated with the legislative framework of the policy of protection and prevention of abuse of power of the state.

A Predictive Model for the Bioaccumulation of Okadaic Acid in Mytilus galloprovincialis Farmed in the Northern Adriatic Sea: A Tool to Reduce Product Losses and Improve Mussel Farming Sustainability

Over the last decades, harmful dinoflagellate (Dinophysis spp.) blooms have increased in frequency, duration, and severity in the Mediterranean Sea. Farmed bivalves, by ingesting large amounts of phytoplankton, can become unsafe for human consumption due to the bioaccumulation of okadaic acid (OA), causing Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP). Whenever the OA concentration in shellfish farmed in a specific area exceeds the established legal limit (160 μg·kg−1 of OA equivalents), harvesting activities are compulsorily suspended. This study aimed at developing a machine learning (ML) predictive model for OA bioaccumulation in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farmed in the coastal area off the Po River Delta (Veneto, Italy), based on oceanographic data measured through remote sensing and data deriving from the monitoring activities performed by official veterinarian authorities to verify the bioaccumulation of OA in the shellfish production sites. LightGBM was used as an ML algorithm. The results of the classification algorithm on the test set showed an accuracy of 82%. Further analyses showed that false negatives were mainly associated with relatively low levels of toxins (<100 μg·kg−1), since the algorithm tended to classify low concentrations of OA as negative samples, while true positives had higher mean values of toxins (139 μg·kg−1). The results of the model could be used to build up an online early warning system made available to shellfish farmers of the study area, aimed at increasing the economic and environmental sustainability of these production activities and reducing the risk of massive product losses.

Pelaksanaan Tugas Inspektur Kelaikudaraan Bidang Perawatan Pesawat Udara Dalam Menunjang Keselamatan Penerbangan Di Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar

The Region V Airport Authority is one of the Technical Implementation Units (UPT) within the Ministry of Transportation which is responsible to the Minister of Transportation through the Directorate of Civil Aviation, where the duties of the airport authority itself are to supervise, control, and regulate activities both from the Land Side and Air Side at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport Makassar. This research aims to find out (1) How is the implementation of the duties of the Airworthiness Inspector for Aircraft Maintenance in supporting flight safety at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport Makassar, (2) What are the obstacles of Airworthiness Inspector for Aircraft Maintenance in carrying out duties at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport Makassar. This research was conducted in February - March 2023 at the Makassar Region V Airport Authority Office, using descriptive research methods with qualitative analysis. Data collection was done through interview, observation, and documentation techniques. And Trigulation is used to test the reliability of the data obtained. The results of the discussion in this study are (1) in the implementation of the tasks carried out by the Airworthiness Inspector of the Aircraft Maintenance Division at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport Makassar has carried out its duties properly in accordance with the regulations listed, one of which is PM 41 of 2011 and KP 252 of 2017, but not all tasks listed in the PM are carried out at the Region V Airport Authority because it must wait for delegation from the center first such as the Advanced Standard Certificate or can be called (CoA). (2) For the obstacles faced by inspectors at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport Makassar, namely in the time and skills of the inspectors, where the inspectors cannot determine how long it takes when the inspection takes place because they have to see the ground time of the aircraft to be inspected and for human resources (Skil) inspectors at the Region V Airport Authority are lacking there are some inspectors who are still confused about analyzing the findings obtained.

Pengawasan Kualitas Inspektur Pada Keamanan Penerbangan Di Area Terminal Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar

The Region V Airport Authority Office as UPT (Technical Implementation Unit) within the Ministry of Transportation is under the auspices and is responsible to the Minister of Transportation through the Director of Air Transportation. The function of the Region V Airport Authority is to supervise, control, and regulate aviation activities. This research aims to find out (1) How is the quality of the Inspector's supervision of flight security in the terminal area of Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport Makassar, (2) The obstacles faced by aviation inspectors in the avsec field and the efforts made by inspectors in conducting surveillance in the terminal area of Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport Makassar. This research was conducted at the Makassar Region V Airport Authority Office, in February - March 2023, this research uses descriptive research with qualitative analysis. The data in this study used primary and secondary data, data collection in this study was by interview, observation and documentation. And the tringulation technique to test the reliability of the data. The results of the discussion in this study are (1) the quality supervision of inspectors on aviation security in the terminal area is good as evidenced by training, field practice and has followed applicable regulations such as PM 41 of 2011 which contains airport authority inspectors only as regulators who carry out supervision of activities in the field. (2) and the obstacles faced by inspectors in the terminal area, namely limited security area cooking permits for this obstacle, the inspectors have carried out surveillance of the avsec and if the inspectors find that the person is categorized as endangering flight activities, the inspectors take action against the person without having to contact the avsec on duty in the terminal area, office busy hours for the office busy hours themselves, the inspectors use breaks or office hours to keep monitoring in the terminal area, and finally the culture as the inspectors themselves are firm and give an appeal that the actions they take are wrong.

OVERCOMING CORRUPTION RISKS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

The subject of the study is the conceptual, theoretical, empirical and methodological foundations of overcoming corruption risks in the activities of law enforcement agencies in the conditions of economic integration. Methodology. General and specific methods of knowledge were used in the research process. The dialectical method was used to study the nature of corruption at the legal and economic levels of its manifestation. The analysis created the conditions for a multifaceted study of all the characteristic features of corruption, corruption risk and corruption risk management in the context of economic integration. The synthesis created the conditions for generalising the characteristics of the above categories in the legal and economic fields. The formal legal method allowed to correctly interpret the content of normative legal acts that determine the general, special and local legal regime of corruption risk management in the activities of law enforcement agencies in the conditions of economic integration. The purpose of the article is to identify the economic and legal foundations of corruption as a socio-economic and legal phenomenon, as well as corruption risks and their management in the activities of law enforcement agencies, at a theoretical and empirical level. The results of the study showed that measures to overcome corruption risks in the activities of law enforcement agencies are components of the process of their management, which have the appropriate differentiation, organisational, legal and socio-economic basis. Conclusion. Corruption as a social, economic and legal phenomenon has a number of causes, including political, economic, legal, organisational and socio-psychological. Corruption causes corresponding negative phenomena in the development of the economy both at the national and global, international level. Taking into account the position of international and Ukrainian legislation, the study of the nature of the risk of corruption was conducted, as a result of which the categories of assessment and management of the risk of corruption were distinguished in favour of the latter. The positive results of improving the legal regulation of corruption risk management were noted. Based on the results of the study of the content of corruption risks and the process of their management, proposals for amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption" were made. It was concluded that the phenomenon of overcoming corruption risks in law enforcement bodies represents a system of appropriate measures, which can be divided into the following groups: 1) general; 2) special; 3) local. General measures are defined within the framework of the general provisions of the current international and domestic legislation, which applies to all subjects in the field of anti-corruption legal regulation, in particular to officials of state authorities. Special ones reflect the specifics of such measures within the limits of the respective law enforcement agency, which is reflected in the content of the anti-corruption programme for the respective period. Local ones appear within the framework of the relevant law enforcement body (police), which is mediated by the anti-corruption programme of this particular body.

Саратовский губернатор М. Н. ГалкинВраский и председатель Московского славянского комитета И. С. Аксаков: материалы переписки (1877–1878 гг.)

The published materials of the correspondence of the chairman of the Moscow Slavic Committee I. S. Aksakov and Saratov Governor M. N. Galkin-Vrasky chronologically refer to the prehistory and the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 and reveal a number of aspects of interaction between public organizations and the official authorities. An analysis of thecontent of thecorrespondence and its historical context reveals the importance of the social movement factor in the foreign policy activities of the Russian Empire. The article focuses on the Slavic charitable initiatives of the public of the Saratov province in 1876–1878.

Strengthening Kampala's Urban Referral System for Maternal and Newborn Care Through Establishment of an Emergency Call and Dispatch Center.

Most pregnant women living in urban slum communities in Uganda deliver at public health centers that are not equipped to provide emergency obstetric and newborn care. When obstetric emergencies occur, pregnant women are referred to a higher-level facility and are responsible for arranging and paying for their own transport. The Kampala Slum Maternal Newborn (MaNe) project developed and tested an emergency call and ambulance dispatch center and a mobile application to request, deploy, and track ambulances. We describe the development of these 2 interventions and findings on the feasibility, acceptability, and sustainability of the interventions. MaNe conducted a mixed-method feasibility study that included an assessment of the acceptability and demand of the interventions. In-depth interviews (N=26) were conducted with facility proprietors, health providers, ambulance drivers, Kampala Capital City Authority officers, and community members to understand the successes and challenges of establishing the call center and developing the mobile application. Thematic content analysis was done. Quantitative data from the call center dispatch logs were analyzed descriptively to complement the qualitative findings. Between April 2020 and June 2021, 10,183 calls were made to the emergency call and dispatch center. Of these, 25% were related to maternal and newborn health emergencies and 14% were COVID-19 related. An ambulance was dispatched to transfer or evacuate a patient in 35% of the calls. Participants acknowledged that the call center and mobile application allowed for efficient communication, coordination, and information flow between health facilities. Supportive district leadership facilitated the establishment of the call center and has taken over the operating costs of the center. The call center and referral application improved the coordination of drivers and ambulances and allowed facilities to prepare for and treat cases more efficiently.

Analisis Pengawasan Inspektur Angkutan Udara Kantor Otoritas Bandar Udara Wilayah I Kelas Utama terhadap Penetapan Harga Tarif Tiket oleh Maskapai Lion Mentari Airlines

In domestic flights, currently many people choose economic services, of course this is a very competitive aviation business arena for users of aviation services in terms of fares, equipment, services, human resources, and flight security and safety. This study aims to determine the setting of tariffs, besides that this research also aims to determine the supervision of tariff implementation. Air Transport Inspector. This research uses a type of qualitative descriptive research method. To get answers from the research, the researcher made a research design in the form of observations, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained is in the form of interview results with the Air Transport Inspector at the Regional 1 Main Airport Authority Office. The results of the study show that the arrangements made by the Ministry of Transportation are the main basis for Aviation Business Entities in setting fares and facilitating supervision for Air Transport Inspectors. Fare inspection supervision is an SOP given by the Ministry of Transportation to Air Transport Inspectors. Not only that, tariff monitoring can occur when there are public reports and national holidays. Existing obstacles such as the occurrence of violations can be handled by a Ministerial Decree in accordance with the rules for enforcing sanctions.
 Keywords: Tariff, Policy, Supervision, Sanctions

Analisis Pelanggaran Peraturan Tarif Batas Atas PT. Wings Abadi Airlines Station Kualanamu Sumatera Utara


 The large number of air transport enthusiasts has resulted in increasingly fierce competition between air transport business entities. In order to maintain fair competition, the government issued Minister of Transportation Regulation Number PM 20 of 2019 regarding procedures for calculating tariffs and Decree of the Minister of Transportation Number KM 106 of 2019 concerning upper limit tariffs. Currently there are fluctuations in avtur fuel which causes additional costs stipulated in the Decree of the Minister of Transportation Number KM 142 of 2022 concerning fuel surcharge. Even though there are regulations governing the determination of tariffs, there are still discrepancies in setting the rates sold. The purpose of this research is to find out what happened to the discrepancy, so that this can be adjusted immediately so that it does not harm either party. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection techniques used by observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants used in this study were three Air Transport Inspectors at the Regional Airport Authority Office II. Data analysis techniques use the Miles and Huberman model, and to test the validity of the data use the triangulation method. The results of this study indicate that PT. Wings Abadi Airlines in setting fares is not adjusted to the Decree of the Minister of Transportation Number KM 142 of 2022. This is caused by rising fuel prices and insufficient passengers so they do not meet the operational costs incurred. This issue was followed up by reporting to the Directorate General of Civil Aviation and the Directorate General of Air Transportation. In addition, there is the imposition of administrative sanctions on PT. Wings Abadi Airlines.
 Keywords: Upper Limit Rates, Fuel Surcharge, PT. Wings Abadi Airlines, Airport Authority Office.

Views and perceptions of the public toward COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundNumerous surveys studied individuals’ decision to receive COVID-19 vaccine but the motives behind accepting or refusing COVID-19 vaccines are not yet fully understood. We aimed to more qualitatively explore the views and perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia to provide recommendations to mitigate the vaccine hesitancy issue. MethodsOpen-ended interviews were conducted between October 2021-January 2022. The interview guide included questions about beliefs in vaccine efficacy and safety, and previous vaccination history. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and the content was analyzed using thematic analysis. Nineteen participants were interviewed. ResultsAll of the interviewees were vaccine acceptors; however, three participants were hesitant as they felt they were forced to receive it. Several themes emerged as the reasons to accept or refuse the vaccine. The key reasons behind vaccine acceptance were the sense of obligation to fulfill a governmental command, trust in the government decisions, vaccine availability, and the impact of family/friends. The main reason behind vaccine hesitancy was doubts regarding vaccine efficacy and safety and that vaccines were pre-invented, and the pandemic is made-up. Participants’ sources of information included social media, official authorities, and family/friends. ConclusionFindings from this study show that the convenience of receiving the vaccine, the abundance of credible information from the Saudi authorities, and the positive influence of family/friends were among the major factors that encouraged the public in Saudi Arabia to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Such results may inform future policies regarding encouraging the public to receive vaccines in cases of pandemic.

Strategies for Survival in an Informal Economy: Illegalities of Zimbabwean Informal Cross Border Traders at Ports of Entries in Southern Africa.

Informal Cross Border Trade (ICBT) is mostly conducted by poor, vulnerable, small and unregistered traders who end up practising illegal activities in order to earn a livelihood and for the business to thrive. They often do not have official export/import license or permit within a defined threshold and this creates many impediments at international borders which oblige them to engage in illegal and corrupt behaviours. There is little comprehensive research about the illegalities of informal cross border traders and whether these illegalities improve the operation of ICBT or it ruins the business. This research examines the illegalities practised by informal cross border traders (ICBTs) in Zimbabwe to understand their nature, geographical spread, benefits and risks. A qualitative approach was used whereby in-depth interviews were undertaken with 30 informal cross border traders using snowball sampling. Traders who imported from Mozambique, Botswana, South Africa and Zambia were selected to participate in the study in order to document various illegalities performed at diverse national borders. Results revealed that traders engage in many illegal activities both at the national borders and in transit when confronted by Zimbabwe Revenue Authority officials and other security state organs. It was revealed that many traders use illegal ports of entry when importing their goods and that they rarely declare their goods at official border posts. The research recommends the government to proffer conditions that are manageable for the small scale traders to be registered so that illegal activities and corruption in the country can be lessened and also for the government to obtain meaningful tax from this sector.

Analisis Pengawasan Otoritas Bandar Udara Wilayah V terhadap Kesesuaian Tarif Tiket Maskapai Lion Air di Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar


 Flight Fare is the cost that must be borne by the passenger based on the components of the Distance Fare, Tax, Compulsory Insurance Contribution and Surcharge for using flight services. The mechanism for calculating the fare limit for domestic scheduled commercial transport economy class passengers has been regulated in Ministerial Regulation Number 20 of 2019 and flight fare restrictions have been regulated in Ministerial Decree No 106 of 2019 according to flight class. This research uses Qualitative Research. Data collection was obtained and collected at the Makassar Region V Airport Authority Office. Data obtained from observations, interviews and documentation. Primary data was obtained from interviews with 3 informants consisting of the Head of the Air Transportation Section, Aircraft Eligibility and Operation and Air Transport Inspector, as well as Observations at the Regional Airport Authority Office. Supervision and sanctions for tariffs, as well as a list of flight ticket prices for Lion Air Airlines, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar. The results of the study show that tarif control by the Region V Airport Authority is carried out in 2 ways, namely Offline and Online. The Offline method is carried out by viewing proof of ticket sales at the Airline Office and the Online Method is carried out by viewing prices at the Travel Agent or on the Lion Air Airline Website. And the results of the study show that in general the prices for Lion Air airline tickets at Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar International Airport are still categorized or included in the safe range and do not exceed the Upper Limit Rates that have been regulated in the Regulations.
 Keywords: Supervision, Airfare, Air Transport Inspector, Airport Authority

İstatistikler: Türkiye’deki Yükseköğretim İstatistiklerini Keşfetmek için Açık Veri R Paketi

There are open datasets available for official statistics, finance, education, and a variety of other domains. The open datasets are published by third-party vendors as well as official authorities. For example, The Turkish Higher Education Council maintains a web portal dedicated to higher education in Türkiye. Detailed datasets about universities, faculties, and departments can be obtained from the portal. Using the data provided by the portal, detailed analysis can be done such as the understanding impact of higher education on activities in the economy connected to movements of the students within or between cities. Especially such activity can be observed in real estate since students rent flats or rooms. Moreover, this data helps researchers analyze changes in students’ preferences in terms of higher education over time. Although this site contains a variety of important information, it does not provide any Application Programming Interfaces (API) or any other possibilities to easily download or query the data in one place. This paper introduces thestats, a user-friendly R data package designed to make higher education statistics easily accessible. Researchers can use the package to query data, which is already scraped from the portal, using the R functions provided by the package. Thanks to the package, researchers do not need to perform any further effort to delve into Turkish higher education statistics. It is sufficient for the researchers to use the package to begin exploring.

Recognizing LEA Officials’ Translator Competences When Implementing New Policy Directives for Documentation of Schools’ Systematic Quality Work

ABSTRACT This article aims to deepen our knowledge about the work and competences of local education authority (LEA) officials when implementing new policy directives for documentation in the decentralized Swedish school system. The results show that the LEA officials used strategies and actions that improved relevance for principals and schools through changes in what was documented and how they understood results, supported by continuing professional development. In their brokering position the LEA officials proved to be key actors, contributing to empowerment, confidence and trust. Hence, the results indicate the importance of LEAs finding balance between steering and supporting in policy implementation.

Analysis of Ship Seaworthiness Factors, Health and Safety Culture, Oversight of Port Authority and Harbor Authority Offices on Shipping Safety

Shipping safety is still a problem faced by sea transportation. Empirical data collected in this study shows the number of transportation accidents and fatalities shows a fluctuating number. This means that shipping safety is still a problem faced by the marine transportation industry in Indonesia. To answer this problem, this research is aimed at knowing the effect of ship's seaworthiness, ship health and safety culture, and supervision of the Harbormaster Office and Port Authority on shipping safety performance which is carried out empirically. Every sailing ship must be in a seaworthy condition so as to ensure safety and security while the ship is sailing. Ship's seaworthiness is also assisted with shipping safety facilities and infrastructure. Occupational health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being that allows every worker to work in a healthy manner with optimal productivity without endangering himself, his family, society and the surrounding environment. Occupational health efforts are efforts to harmonize work capacity, workload and work environment so that every worker can work healthily without endangering himself or the surrounding community, in order to obtain optimal work productivity. The duties and responsibilities of a porter are very important in providing a ship's seaworthiness certificate, sailing permit, safety and security as well as all sea transportation shipping activities in Indonesian waters. 
 Based on the results of research and multiple analysis, the following equations are produced: 
 Y = 1.957 + 0.762 X1 + 0.531 X2 + 0.244 X3 + 
 shows that, Based on empirical data (the results of filling out the questionnaire) and the results of multiple linear regression, it shows that the Shipworthiness variable (X1) has a value t count (10.260) > t table (1.99045) then, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The Health and Safety Culture Variable (X2) has a t count (2.382) > t table (1.99045), so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The Port Authority and Port Authority Supervision Variable (X3) has a value of t count (2.280) > t table (1.99045), then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, the results of the study show that there is a positive and significant influence between Shipworthiness, Health and Safety Culture, Harbormaster Supervision and Port Authority on Shipping Safety