Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors and are composed of dental tissues such as enamel, dentin and cementum. They are classified into compound and complex types. Compound odontomas usually appear as tooth-like structures in the anterior maxilla, whereas complex odontomas present as irregular masses of dental tissues, most frequently in the posterior mandible. Although odontomas are generally slow-growing and asymptomatic, large lesions can cause jaw expansion, facial asymmetry, and delayed tooth eruption. Various surgical approaches have been described, ranging from intraoral to extraoral incisions, with or without fixation. In the present study, we present a 21-year-old Iranian woman with a large mandibular complex odontoma extending from the first molar to the ramus. The lesion was removed via an intraoral approach without pathological fracture or the need for fixation. At the 4-month follow-up, the patient experienced uneventful healing and no signs of recurrence. This case highlights that even large mandibular odontomas can be managed intraorally without the need for fixation devices, with favorable short-term outcomes.

Supernumerary teeth (SPNs), as common odontogenic developmental anomalies, not only cause local complications such as dental crowding and impaction but also serve as key oral manifestations of multiple genetic syndromes. We report a case of multiple SPNs (7 teeth with an odontoma) in a 17-year-old Chinese male who presented without any genetic syndromes. Clinical examination revealed a permanent dentition exhibiting Angle Class II malocclusion with dental crowding, featuring an ectopically erupted tooth 34 positioned lingual to tooth 35, two supernumerary teeth in the lingual region of teeth 44-45, and partially erupted teeth 17 and 27. Comprehensive imaging revealed a compound odontoma palatal to teeth 24-25 and multiple supernumerary teeth in the mandibular arch, with no associated root resorption or genetic abnormalities. The final diagnosis was multiple Non-syndromic Supernumerary Teeth, for which staged surgical removal of the odontoma and impacted supernumeraries was planned. This case elucidates the core distinguishing features between Non-syndromic Supernumerary Teeth and Syndromic Supernumerary Teeth. Based on the clinical history, physical examination, imaging findings, and genetic testing, a final diagnosis of Non-syndromic Supernumerary Teeth was established for this patient. Building on this foundation, we established a four-step differential method comprising clinical screening, radiographic localization, genetic verification, and multidisciplinary coordination. This approach pioneers the proposal of tooth count as a primary indicator for syndromic risk, providing enhanced evidence-based guidance for early identification of genetic disorders.

The SHH signaling regulates cell proliferation in the ectomesenchyme, thus controlling tooth morphogenesis, while TGF-ß and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been associated with reactionary and reparative dentinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of signaling proteins in odontogenesis and odontoma formation. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of TGF-ß, BMP4, and SHH pathway proteins in 23 compound odontomas, 21 complex odontomas, and 17 tooth germs. The results demonstrated immunoexpression of BMP4, especially in the ectomesenchyme of complex odontomas (median=33.7; P <0.001). SHH was more immunoexpressed in the epithelium of tooth germs ( P <0.001) and in the ectomesenchyme of complex odontomas ( P =0.029). Similarly, TGF-ß exhibited higher immunoexpression in the epithelium of tooth germs ( P <0.001) and in the ectomesenchyme of complex odontomas ( P =0.002). SHH was more immunoexpressed in the ectomesenchyme of odontomas and in the inner enamel epithelium of tooth germs. Furthermore, SHH and BMP4 were significantly correlated. In developing teeth, the highest concentrations of these proteins were found in the odontogenic epithelium during the bud and cap stages. Differential expression occurred mainly in the ectomesenchyme of tumors, indicating that this component is indeed more proliferative.

Giant odontomas are infrequently encountered in clinical practice. The objective of this article is to present a well-documented case report with radiographic and surgical images of a compound odontoma arising in the mandibular anterior region. Other salient findings of the case included displacement of multiple proximate teeth, overretention of a primary canine with extensive root resorption, an impacted permanent mandibular canine lying along the inferior cortical plate, and painless clinical expansion of the affected alveolar bone. The lesion was easily enucleated, and the surgical specimen exhibited numerous tooth-like structures, consistent with a compound odontoma. At the 6-month follow-up, radiographic imaging demonstrated evidence of osseous regeneration of the surgical site.

Introduction: Odontomas are the most common benign odontogenic tumors in clinical practice, often asymptomatic and diagnosed through routine imaging tests. They can be divided into compound and complex, the former being formed by tooth-like structures with a predilection for the anterior region of the maxilla. Objectives: This study aims to present a clinical case of a compound odontoma diagnosed in a female patient during a routine consultation, as well as describing the treatment plan, clinical act, clinical evolution and imaging characteristics of the lesion. Methodology: This is a descriptive case report study. The data was obtained from the patient’s anamnesis, clinical and radiographic assessment. The case was selected due to the occasional discovery of a compound odontoma during a routine consultation, in a patient with no associated symptoms, which reinforces the importance of carrying out complementary diagnostic tests, allowing these alterations to be detected early. Results: The therapeutic approach consisted of surgical enucleation of the lesion, with removal of the denticles that made it up, followed by curettage of the surgical area. The procedure was uneventful and healing occurred properly. After six months of follow-up, no signs of recurrence or symptoms were observed. Conclusion: We conclude that early detection of odontomas, even in asymptomatic patients, is essential to avoid complications such as dental retention and aesthetic and functional alterations. Although a single case cannot support definitive recommendations, this report shows that early detection of

Odontomas are common benign odontogenic tumors and are typically asymptomatic, often detected incidentally through imaging exams. However, in some instances, these lesions may erupt into the oral cavity and coexist with supernumerary teeth, creating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and interfering with normal tooth eruption. This case reports an unusual and complex presentation of an odontogenic lesion with clinic and radiographic features consistent with a partially erupted compound odontoma, associated with a supernumerary tooth and an embedded permanent lateral incisor. A 28-year-old female was referred to a dental school for evaluation of a recurrent, asymptomatic whitish spicule in the anterior mandibular gingiva. Initial radiographic examination revealed multiple radiopaque, denticle-like structures, in addition to a vertically oriented supernumerary tooth and an embedded left mandibular lateral incisor. Based on a two-dimensional imaging, a peripheral compound odontoma was initially suspected. Subsequent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan provided critical three-dimensional information, refining the imaging diagnosis and demonstrating an intraosseous compound odontoma with partial eruption into the oral cavity. Surgical removal of the embedded tooth was performed, while the supernumerary tooth and the odontogenic lesion, due to their lingual positioning and proximity to adjacent structures, were preserved. Later, the tooth erupted spontaneously, requiring a second intervention. Some residual denticles remained as a result of anatomical limitations. This case highlights the clinical, anatomical, and surgical complexity of erupted compound odontomas, underscores the indispensable role of CBCT in accurate radiographic diagnosis and treatment planning, and draws attention to potential challenges such as capsule rupture and incomplete removal of denticle-like structures remnants.

BRAF p.V600E Mutation in Mixed Odontogenic Tumors and Its Clinical Correlation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Odontomas are rare, benign odontogenic tumors in dogs, cats, humans, and other species. Although odontomas have been referenced as occurring in dogs and cats, there are no publications pertaining to odontomas in cats. This case series of nine odontomas in eight cats includes description of clinical presentations, diagnostic imaging findings, histopathologic characteristics, and treatment outcomes. Common clinical presentations in this study include missing teeth, tooth displacement, presence of a fluctuant mass, and alveolar bone expansion. Diagnostic imaging reveals a mixed radiodense central opacity containing radiopaque tooth-like structures and a variably thick radiolucent rim, consistent with compound odontomas. However, one mature odontoma in an older patient had fusion of the denticles that complicated visualization of discrete denticles radiographically. Three lesions contained unerupted teeth and two had unilocular radiolucencies consistent with cyst formation. Although radiographic findings are often highly diagnostic for odontomas, it is recommended to send an oral biopsy of the lesion to a histopathologist who has a focus on oral and maxillofacial pathology for confirmation of the diagnosis. Common treatments include either surgical en bloc resection or enucleation and curettage. In this study, both treatment types were curative and there was no documented recurrence in the cats for whom follow-up was available.

Odontomas are odontogenic tumors located in the jawbone, referred to by the World Health Organization (WHO) as hamartomatous (Greek hamartion - a bodily defect) developmental malformations. The term was first used by Brock in 1866 to refer to every odontogenic tumor. Today an odontoma is believed to be a congenital malformation of dental hard tissues. Odontomas can contribute to the development of dental abnormalities and bite disorders. The study aimed to present tooth eruption disorders caused by the occurrence of odontomas in 20 patients treated at the Dental Surgery Clinic for Children. The study group comprised 20 patients (13 in good general health, 6 with systemic diseases and 1 with a congenital malformation), aged 2-17 years (mean age: 8.96 years), with jawbone odontomas diagnosed through clinical and radiological examination. These odontomas were the cause of disorders in the eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth. The treatment method applied in all patients involved the enucleation of the tumor with its capsule and sending the material for histopathological examination. Odontomas were discovered accidentally or were accompanied by such clinical symptoms as retained deciduous teeth, impacted deciduous and permanent teeth, missing teeth in the oral cavity, gaps, displaced teeth, and the distension of the alveolar process of the maxilla/alveolar part of the mandible. The odontomas occurred in both the maxilla and the mandible, more often in boys. The compound odontoma (OCp) was the most common type. Odontomas are benign odontogenic tumors that do not undergo neoplastic transformation. The treatment of choice is a surgical procedure involving the complete removal of the tumor with its capsule, which results in full recovery.

Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors, frequently detected during radiographic evaluations in children with delayed tooth eruption or retained primary teeth. This case report presents a comprehensive clinical scenario of an 8-year-old girl who was initially referred for a toothache in the mandibular region. Incidentally, a retained maxillary primary incisor was discovered prompting further radiographic investigation. Imaging revealed a compound odontoma obstructing the eruption of the permanent maxillary right central incisor. The patient underwent surgical removal of the odontoma and extraction of the retained primary tooth. Orthodontic intervention and guided eruption using sectional fixed appliances, were employed to facilitate proper alignment of the impacted tooth. This report underscores the significance of early detection, accurate diagnosis, and collaborative treatment planning in managing complex odontogenic anomalies in children. Keywords: odontoma, pediatric dentistry, retained primary tooth, delayed eruption, maxillary expansion, orthodontic eruption

Odontomas are the most common odontogenic lesions, generally regarded as developmental anomalies (hamartomas) rather than true neoplasms. Although often asymptomatic, they can interfere with the eruption of permanent teeth, particularly in children. This case report describes a compound odontoma in a 10-year-old girl that obstructed the eruption of the maxillary left central incisor. Clinical examination revealed a retained primary tooth and absence of its permanent successor, while radiographic imaging showed a well-defined radiopaque mass in the eruption pathway. Surgical removal of the odontoma was performed under local anesthesia. Due to limited resources, the patient’s mother declined orthodontic treatment, opting instead to wait for spontaneous eruption. However, after two years without eruption, a second surgical procedure was carried out to expose the tooth and initiate orthodontic traction. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis, parental counseling, and interdisciplinary collaboration in managing odontoma-related eruption disturbances in the pediatric population.

Odontomas are benign odontogenic tumors resulting from developmental defects in dental tissues. They are categorized into two types: complex odontomas, composed of disorganized dental tissue masses, and compound odontomas, characterized by multiple, tooth-like structures. This case report describes an unusual instance of a compound odontoma in the anterior mandible of a 7-year-old male, detected incidentally during a routine dental check-up. Radiographic imaging, including panoramic X-ray and CBCT, revealed a hyperdense, tooth-like mass in the anterior left mandible. The lesion was surgically removed under general anesthesia, resulting in the extraction of 56 denticles. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed. Although odontomas are generally asymptomatic, early detection and timely surgical intervention are crucial to prevent complications such as impacted teeth. The prognosis is typically favorable, with a low risk of recurrence.

An odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a noninflammatory developmental cystic lesion of odontogenic origin that tends to penetrate the bone and nearby soft tissues. It also exhibits aggressive clinical behavior and a high recurrence rate. Odontomas are hamartomatous lesions occurring in the oral cavity, which may be either compound or complex, composed of enamel, dentin, and pulp, which resemble a normal tooth. They constitute about 22% of all odontogenic tumors of the jaw. We report a rare instance of a 17-year-old male patient, who was tentatively diagnosed with an odontogenic lesion. The patient complained of facial swelling and pain on the left side of his face for a month and had a histologic diagnosis of OKC associated with an impacted left mandibular lateral incisor and compound odontome. Not many cases of this type are reported in the literature. There is a need to explore the occurrence of such hybrid lesions.

Background:Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumours and are usually detected during the first two decades of life.They are considered hamartomas rather than true neoplasms and are broadly classified into compound and complex types.Compound odontomas commonly occur in the anterior maxilla and are often associated with delayed eruption or impaction of teeth.In contrast, osteomas are benign osteogenic lesions that differ from odontomas in their histogenesis and clinical behaviour.The occurrence of compound odontomas in the anterior mandible is uncommon. Case Presentation:A 27-year-old female presented with delayed eruption of tooth 33 and displacement of adjacent teeth.Clinical examination revealed a hard swelling in the left anterior mandible.Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed multiple radiopaque structures consistent with a compound odontoma.Tooth 32 was found to be impacted near the lesion.Surgical excision of the odontoma and extraction of the affected tooth were performed under local anaesthesia.Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a compound odontoma, excluding the possibilities of odontoameloblastoma and ameloblastic fibroodontoma. Discussion:This case was notable for the unusual anterior mandibular location of the compound odontoma, deviating from the typical anterior maxillary presentation.There was no history of trauma, infection, or familial predisposition.CBCT played a crucial role in defining the extent of the lesion and its relationship with adjacent structures.Early detection and surgical management facilitated future orthodontic planning for tooth 33. Conclusion:This case highlights the importance of considering compound odontoma in atypical locations when evaluating eruption disturbances.Accurate diagnosis relies on advanced imaging and histopathological confirmation.Prompt intervention prevents developmental complications and supports favourable outcomes.

Occurrence of Focal Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia and Compound Odontoma as a Collision Lesion: A Case Report

Objectives: The aim of this case report is to describes the importance of advanced imaging such as CBCT 3D to make diagnosis rather than just a panoramic radiography. Case Report: A 12-year-old girl patient came for the third time with her parents to the radiology installation after being referred from the oral surgery clinic at RSIGM SA due to complaints of swelling on the right side of the face that had not healed. The patient was initially diagnosed as a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor This is based on hematological and histopathological examinations. At the second visit patient had marsupialization and panoramic examination performed. The panoramic results show that the lesion is still developing as seen from the change in the distance between the lesion to the surrounding tissue. The image of the radiopaque lesion is surrounded by radiolucency in the maxillary region from the apical of teeth 53 to 17, the lesion is multiple, unilateral, and irregular with ill-defined boundaries so that the appropriate radiodiagnosis is Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor before doing CBCT 3D imaging on third visit. Conclusion: CBCT 3D was more accurate and reliable in diagnosing type of odontogenic tumor.

ABSTRACT Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, the routine histological staining method, might not accurately represent the composition and properties of hard tissues. This limitation necessitates the use of advanced diagnostic methods. Methylene blue-acid fuchsin (MB-AF) and modified Gallego’s iron fuchsin (MG) stains are useful for differentially staining hard tissues, such as teeth, bone, and pathological calcifications. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of MG and MB-AF stains in lesions composed of calcified tissues. A total of 30 histopathologically confirmed cases of various lesions composed of calcified tissue, including compound odontoma (6), ossifying fibroma (6), osteosarcoma (6), osteomyelitis (6), and fibrous dysplasia (6), were chosen. Each lesion had three sections stained with MB-AF, MG, and H&E. Wilcoxon signed rank test was employed for statistical analysis. Dentin, cementum, and bone showed light green, red, and deep green hues, respectively, when stained with modified Gallego’s stain. A statistically superior intensity and contrast (p < 0.05) was observed in the MG-stained sections as compared to those stained with MB-AF. MG stain demonstrates superior potential as a special stain for calcifications compared to MB-AF, particularly in terms of the contrast between hard tissues and the surrounding stroma in lesions composed of calcified tissue.

Golden time of odontoma removal related to tooth movement disturbance in orthodontic patients: A series of five cases.

Excision of compound odontoma with painful symptoms in the mandibular branch: 1-year follow-up

Odontomas are hamartomatous lesions consisting of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp tissue. They are slow-growing, benign tumors showing nonaggressive behavior. They can be divided into compound odontomas (CpODs) and complex odontomas (CxODs) according to the level of organization of the tissues. The radiological diagnosis of CpODs is easy due to the presence of characteristic tooth-like structures. The incidence of these hamartomatous lesions is higher in children. The majority of odontomas are asymptomatic; however, these lesions can cause impaction, delayed eruption, or even retention of deciduous teeth. Usually, they are discovered during routine radiography. This case report aims to present the clinical and radiological findings of a rarely observed CpOD in a 9-year-old boy, along with its treatment. The lesion diagnosed in the maxillary anterior region was excised under local anesthesia. In the ongoing follow-up of the patient, no anomalies were detected.