Ocean Springs Research Articles

Seasonal variations of sinking velocities in Austral diatom blooms: Lessons learned from COMICS

The sinking velocity (SV) of organic particles is a critical driver of carbon transport to the deep sea. Accurate determination of marine particle SV and their influencing factors is therefore a key to better understanding of biological carbon storage in the ocean. We used two different approaches to estimate average SVs of particles during a Southern Ocean spring bloom (North of South Georgia): optical backscatter sensors on gliders (“large”, >50 μm diameter), and radioactive pairs (234Th–238U and 210Po-210Pb). Our results were complemented with time-of flight estimations of bulk SVs from deep sediment traps deployed at 1950 m.Bulk SVs increased consistently with depth from 15 ± 1 m d−1 at 10 m to 50 ± 10 m d−1 at the depth of export (Zp = 95 m) and from 96 ± 35 m d−1 at 150 m to 119 ± m d−1 at 450 m. Only the fastest particles, mainly comprised by faecal pellets (FPs) and diatom aggregates, survived remineralization and dominated carbon fluxes at deep depth.The SV variability at the base of the Euphotic Zone was studied in relation to the stage of the bloom by analysing three different moments of the spring diatom bloom in the region during the years 2012, 2013 and 2017. The export efficiency (ExpEff), defined as the ratio POC flux exported below the Euphotic Zone to the satellite derived surface NPP, was also evaluated. It was found from the temporal series that ExpEff and SV vary throughout the diatom bloom as the community structure progresses. A good correlation between both variables was observed (ExpEff = (0.023 ± 0.006) SV, r = 0.82, p = 0.04). Showing that the variability in how efficiently the carbon flux is exported out of the Euphotic Zone can be explained by the SV at which the particles sink. Further investigations are required to analyse if this is a specific model of the functioning of the BCP during the diatom bloom in North South Georgia or if it can be extrapolated to other scenarios.

Nanoplankton: The dominant vector for carbon export across the Atlantic Southern Ocean in spring.

Across the Southern Ocean, large (≥20 μm) diatoms are generally assumed to be the primary vector for carbon export, although this assumption derives mainly from summertime observations. Here, we investigated carbon production and export potential during the Atlantic Southern Ocean's spring bloom from size-fractionated measurements of net primary production (NPP), nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, urea) and iron (labile inorganic iron, organically complexed iron) uptake, and a high-resolution characterization of phytoplankton community composition. The nanoplankton-sized (2.7 to 20 μm) diatom, Chaetoceros spp., dominated the biomass, NPP, and nitrate uptake across the basin (40°S to 56°S), which we attribute to their low iron requirement, rapid response to increased light, and ability to escape grazing when aggregated into chains. We estimate that the spring Chaetoceros bloom accounted for >25% of annual export production across the Atlantic Southern Ocean, a finding consistent with recent observations from other regions highlighting the central role of the phytoplankton "middle class" in carbon export.

Biogeochemical‐Argo floats show that chlorophyll increases before carbon in the high‐latitude Southern Ocean spring bloom

AbstractIn the Southern Ocean, phytoplankton blooms are an annually recurring prominent feature that play a significant role in ocean CO2 uptake. Understanding the timing of the phytoplankton bloom is necessary to provide insights into the underlying physiological drivers, for the study of ecosystem dynamics and consequent patterns in downward carbon export. Previous studies have used chlorophyll (chl) and particulate organic carbon, from either satellites or biogeochemical‐Argo (BGC‐Argo) floats, to investigate bloom phenology, but provide inconsistent findings regarding bloom timing. Here, we compare bloom dynamics based on three diagnostics from 7114 BGC‐Argo float profiles, south of 60°S. Bloom onset consistently occurs earlier when calculated using chl than when based on phytoplankton carbon or nitrate uptake, and the decoupling increases with latitude. This suggests that phytoplankton synthesize increased chl to acclimate to low‐light conditions, before increasing their biomass. These results highlight the importance of considering phytoplankton physiology when choosing proxies for phytoplankton growth.

Trends in Rail Migration Arrival and Departure Times Using Long-Term Citizen Science Data from Mississippi, USA

Little is known of rail migration ecology, consequently limiting efforts to effectively conserve rail populations. Therefore, we investigated changes in the migratory arrival/departure dates for Virginia Rails (Rallus limicola), King Rails (Rallus elegans) and Sora (Porzana carolina) north of Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Using citizen science data collected over the last 25 years, we inspected summarized data for patterns of primary arrival and departure windows indicated by first or last observations of each species at the lagoons, respectively, alongside 10th/90th quantiles that controlled for outliers (i.e., early arrivals, late departures). Regression models found no differences in spring migration departures for any species. In fall migration we found a difference only in Virginia Rail arrivals, which became later over time. King Rail arrived in autumn first in mid-September (September 22nd) followed by Sora (October 5th) and Virginia Rails (October 21st). In spring migration, Virginia Rails departed first (March 19th), then King Rails (March 24th), and Sora (April 20th). Trends for King Rails may have been skewed by some individuals having non-migratory behavior. Despite limitations, citizen science efforts were useful for an initial investigation of rail migration ecology, and future applications could be used to identify and assess factors affecting migration timing (e.g., climate change, habitat availability, weather shifts).

Compositional differences of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in Arctic Ocean spring sea ice and surface waters north of Svalbard

We assessed the qualitative composition of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in Arctic Ocean surface water and in sea ice north of the Svalbard Archipelago (in the Sophia Basin, the Yermak Plateau and the north Spitsbergen shelf) in May and June 2015, during the “TRANSSIZ” expedition (Transitions in the Arctic Seasonal Sea Ice Zone). Samples collected in open lead waters (OW), under-ice waters (UIW) and from the sea ice (ICE) were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy and subsequently by multivariate statistical methods using Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC). Statistical analyses of all measured DOM fluorescence excitation and emission matrices (EEMs) enabled four components to be identified and validated. The spectral characteristics of the first component C1 (λEx/λEm 282(270)/335) corresponded to those of tryptophan. The spectral properties of the other three components corresponded to those of humic-like substances: components two (C2 − λEx/λEm 315(252)/395) and three (C3 − λEx/λEm 357(258)/446) corresponded to humic-like substances of marine origin, whereas component four (C4 − λEx/λEm 261(399)/492) resembled terrestrial humic-like substances. Changes in FDOM composition were recorded in OW, in contrast to UIW and sea ice. In the OW the sum of fluorescence intensities of humic-like components (C2, C3 and C4) was two times higher than the fluorescence intensity of protein-like component (C1). Component C2 exhibited the highest fluorescence intensity. In the UIW and particularly in the sea ice the fluorescence intensity of the protein-like component, IC1, was the highest. The IC1 in the sea ice increased toward the sea ice bottom, reaching maximum values at the sea ice-water interface. The calculated spectral indices (SUVA(254) and HIX) and ratios of fluorescence intensities of protein-like to humic-like components, Ip/Ih, suggested that FDOM in water and sea ice was predominantly autochthonous, characterized by low molecular weight organic compounds and low aromatic ring saturation. Enrichment factors Dc, calculated from salinity-normalized values of the optical DOM properties and dissolved organic carbon concentrations, indicated the significant fractionation of FDOM in the sea ice relative to the parent open waters. The humic-like terrestrial component C4 was enriched the least, whereas the protein-like component C1 was enriched the most. A statistically significant (p < 0.0001) and relatively strong (R = 63) correlation between IC1 and the total chlorophyll a concentration Tchla was found in the sea ice, which suggests that sympagic algal communities were producers of the protein-like FDOM fraction.

Estimating blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) larval release sites in the Gulf of Mexico using an oceanographic particle-tracking model

Small, widely-dispersing, pelagic larvae are difficult to monitor through direct observation, but biophysical models can provide greater understanding of dispersal patterns. Here, we used a technique of reversing time in a biophysical model to estimate larval release sites of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico by backtracking from known locations of postlarval settlement. We modeled surface ocean movement in reverse time from four settlement sites (Grand Isle, Louisiana; Ocean Springs, Mississippi; Dauphin Island, Alabama; and Pensacola, Florida). In the Gulf of Mexico, blue crab fisheries are managed at the state level. We found on average 73% of the larvae were traced back to larval release sites in the same state as settlement. Barrier island release sites accounted for 11% of settlement at Grand Isle and 17% at Dauphin Island. Less than 0.1% of larvae that settled in Grand Isle were tracked back to a known blue crab spawning area located to the south west, Ship Shoal. The distance traveled by larvae was highest in Pensacola and Grand Isle. The coefficient of variation of distance traveled was highest in Dauphin Island. The average distance traveled to each settlement location ranged from 31 to 124 km. Distance traveled explained 24% of empirical settlement numbers (F1,89 = 28.82, P &lt; 0.001;R2 = 0.24). Settlement success was higher at release sites predicted by this study than at randomly generated sites suggesting female selection of larval release sites.

Seascape connectivity of Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi population units across the northern Gulf of Mexico

ESR Endangered Species Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials ESR 37:195-205 (2018) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00923 Seascape connectivity of Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi population units across the northern Gulf of Mexico Page E. Vick1,*, Mark S. Peterson1, William T. Slack2 1Department of Coastal Science, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA 2US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory EEA, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA *Corresponding author: page.vick@noaa.gov ABSTRACT: Critical habitat was designated in 2003 for federally threatened anadromous Gulf sturgeon to aid in population recovery. This study examined overwintering Gulf sturgeon spatial use and movement through critical habitat monitored by the Ship Island acoustic array from 2011 to 2015. Previous studies observed western population Gulf sturgeon (Pearl and Pascagoula rivers) overwintering near the ends and within the passes of the barrier islands of the Mississippi Sound, USA. Recent telemetry studies detected eastern population fish (Escambia, Blackwater, Yellow, and Choctawhatchee rivers) overwintering as far west as Mobile Bay, Alabama; however, this study is the first to observe eastern population fish overwintering in western population critical habitat associated with the Ship Island array. Use of overwintering habitat was compared using mean active days detected and rate of travel to and from the array. There was no significant difference in mean active days of population units on the array; however, travel rate to the array from natal drainages was significantly different, with eastern population individuals traveling at a faster rate compared to western population individuals. Post hoc tests indicated that individuals from the Blackwater River had a significantly higher travel rate compared to Pascagoula River individuals. We documented large-scale seascape connectivity among population units of Gulf sturgeon across the northern Gulf of Mexico. Although large-scale seascape connectivity promotes mixing among population units and an exchange of marine nutrients into riverine environments, large-scale migration poses an issue for endangered species such as Gulf sturgeon, as there is greater risk of bycatch mortality and size-specific predation. KEY WORDS: Acoustic telemetry · Threatened species · Critical overwintering habitat · Migration Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Vick PE, Peterson MS, Slack WT (2018) Seascape connectivity of Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi population units across the northern Gulf of Mexico. Endang Species Res 37:195-205. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00923 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in ESR Vol. 37. Online publication date: October 29, 2018 Print ISSN: 1863-5407; Online ISSN: 1613-4796 Copyright © 2018 Inter-Research.

The University of Southern Mississippi–Gulf Coast Research Laboratory: Interview with Jim Franks

The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL) is a marine/coastal research and education enterprise located in Ocean Springs, Mississippi, and is a unit of The University of Southern Mississippi.

Resilience in Planning: A Review of Comprehensive Plans in Mississippi after Hurricane Katrina

This paper analyzes and compares the decisions communities made in rebuilding after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 to determine to what extent post-Katrina comprehensive plans promote resilience based on built environment factors that have been shown to improve social networking, physical safety, and community building. Levels of recovery are also examined, measured by the current numbers of occupied housing units in each community compared with pre-Katrina numbers. After Katrina, multiple planning documents were produced by a variety of organizations. Mississippi state statute requires each municipality to have a long-range comprehensive plan adopted by the local governing body. Plans establish goals over a 20- to 25-year period of development and are required to address residential, commercial, and industrial development; parks, open space, and recreation; street and road improvements; and public schools and community facilities. To capture the most significant interests and values, the overarching goals and vision statements of post-Katrina plans were compared and analyzed. Plans from four Mississippi communities affected by Hurricane Katrina—Biloxi, Ocean Springs, Pascagoula, and Waveland—indicate that communities in the region understand many of the present strengths and weaknesses with respect to disaster resilience and have outlined a strategy to mitigate damage, reduce vulnerability, and create support networks to speed up recovery for a future disaster on the scale of Katrina. Like any plan, how and to what extent these ideals are implemented is a concern. During interviews in these communities, recurring concerns were public participation and, at the least, attention to the needs of residents in the planning process.

Linking atmospheric dimethyl sulfide and the Arctic Ocean spring bloom

AbstractWe measured atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) mixing ratios at approximately hourly intervals over a 1 year period (April 2010 to March 2011) in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean (Svalbard, Norway; 78.5°N, 11.8°E). The mixing ratios varied by several orders of magnitude over time scales of less than several days, and occasionally reached 200−300 parts per trillion by volume during the major phytoplankton growth period (May to September), whereas during the winter months (October to April) the mixing ratios were on the order of a few parts per trillion by volume. Our results, based on analyses using multiple data products (atmospheric DMS mixing ratios, satellite‐derived ocean colors, and meteorological datasets), indicated that weekly variability in the DMS mixing ratios at Svalbard was highly correlated with variability in the chl‐a concentration in waters in the vicinity of Svalbard (r = 0.89). Hourly‐to‐daily variability in the DMS mixing ratios were satisfactorily explained by changes in the trajectory, altitude, and speed of air masses passing the DMS sources prior to reaching Svalbard. The observed coupling between DMS mixing ratios and chl‐a concentration is surprising, and indicates that the variability in chl‐a concentrations in the study area represents the change in the abundance of phytoplankton capable of producing DMS. The intensive monitoring of DMS levels at Svalbard enabled us to identify in situ production and the flux of oceanic DMS over the Arctic region. It thus constitutes a useful analytical tool for detecting changes in DMS production associated with variations in phytoplankton productivity resulting from changes in sea ice extent as a consequence of Arctic seasonality and warming.

Microstructure observations during the spring 2011 STRATIPHYT-II cruise in the northeast Atlantic

Abstract. Small-scale temperature and conductivity variations have been measured in the upper 100 m of the northeast Atlantic during the STRATIPHYT-II cruise (Las Palmas–Reykjavik, 6 April–3 May 2011). The measurements were done at midday and comprised 2 to 15 vertical profiles at each station. The derived turbulent quantities show a transition between weakly-stratified (mixed layer depth, MLD, &lt;100) and well-mixed waters (MLD &gt; 100), which was centered at about 48° N. The temperature eddy diffusivities, KT, range from 10−5 to 100 m2 s−1 in the weakly-stratified stations, and range from 3 × 10−4 to 2 × 100 m2 s−1 in the well-mixed stations. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates, ε, range from 3 × 10−8 to 2 × 10−6 m2 s−3 south of the transition zone, and from 10−7 to 10−5 m2 s−3 north of the transition zone. The station-averaged KT values throughout the mixed layer increase exponentially with the wind speed. The station-averaged ε values throughout the mixed layer scale with the wind stress similarity variable with a scaling factor of about 1.8 in the wind-dominated stations (ε &amp;amp;approx; 1.8 u&amp;amp;star;3/(−κz)). The values of KT and ε are on average 10 times higher compared to the values measured at the same stations in July 2009. The results presented here constitute a unique data set giving large spatial coverage of upper ocean spring turbulence quantities.

Trace element concentrations in surface estuarine and marine sediments along the Mississippi Gulf Coast following Hurricane Katrina

Hurricanes are relatively frequent ecological disturbances that may cause potentially long-term impacts to the coastal environment. Hurricane Katrina hit the Mississippi Gulf Coast in August 2005, and caused a storm surge with the potential to change the trace element content of coastal surface sediments. In this study, surface estuarine and marine sediments were collected monthly following the storm from ten sites along the Mississippi Gulf Coast (Mobile Bay, Grand Bay Bayous Heron and Cumbest, Pascagoula, Ocean Springs, Biloxi Gulf, Back Biloxi Bay, Gulfport Gulf, Gulfport Courthouse Rd, and Gulfport Marina). Concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to evaluate their temporal and spatial variations in the year following Hurricane Katrina. Sediments were characterized by pH, particle size distribution and total carbon and nitrogen content. Trace element contents of the sediments were determined in both <2 mm and <63 μm grain size fractions. Results revealed no significant temporal and spatial variability in trace element concentrations, in either size fraction. Potential ecological risk of the sediments was assessed by using NOAA SQuiRTs' guideline values; most concentrations remained below probable adverse effects guidelines to marine organisms suggesting that trace elements redistributed by Hurricane Katrina would not cause an adverse impact on resident organisms. Instead, the concentrations of trace elements were site-dependent, with specific contaminants relating to the use of the area prior to Hurricane Katrina.

Community Newspaper Emerged to Serve Needs of Pass Christian Citizens

Four months after Hurricane Katrina's storm surge had receded, communication vacuum existed in the quaint, formerly 6,500 citizens-strong, Mississippi Gulf Coast community of Pass Christian.1 Ultimately, what the Readers Digest called New Town Crier, The Gazebo Gazette-a weekly publication created by volunteers in Pass Christian-would help fill the information void.2 And two-and-a-half years after its first issue, the Gazabo Gazette had become the of record for Pass Christian and a Godsend for the people live here now and also those who moved away after the storm and want to keep in touch.3 Its transformation from newsletter to standard tabloid-size newspaper occurred in less than five months. And, even in an age of media, after the nation's greatest natural disaster, in its most basic form, the newspaper, served the citizens in ways that no other medium could.Immediately after Katrina, the two principal regional outlets on the Gulf Coast, the Sun Herald newspaper and WLOX-TV-located across the street from one another in Biloxi-did remarkable job. In fact, the Sun Herald earned public service Pulitzer Prize and WLOX-TV an Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award, each for their Katrina coverage.4 However, as time passed, the rebuilding of the coast was far too formidable task for regional outlets to serve the day-to-day needs of individuals in small cities on the coast. On the Mississippi Gulf Coast, Gulfport, Biloxi, Ocean Springs, Pascagoula and other communities received attention by the Sun Herald and WLOX-TV in proportion to their populations, while to the extreme west, Waveland and Bay St. Louis were served by the Seacoast Echo, firmly established community/weekly newspaper for southern Hancock County. The Pass-as the locals commonly refer to the city-had no equivalent publication serving its residents.So, how would information be passed along to the citizens in order for this small city to survive? The Gazebo Gazette became the answer. This study will chronicle the creation and evolution of the Gazebo Gazette during its first year and explore the newspaper's role in helping Pass Christian in recovering, rebuilding and renewal after Hurricane Katrina.Literature ReviewWhen one refers to weekly newspapers, it often brings to mind publications with very little editorial content and large number of advertisements. However, weekly newspapers are often held in high esteem for their quality editorial content, and on occasion, they have been the subject of scholarly inquiry.In Mississippi, alone, the Deer Creek Pilot, Carthaginian, Enterprise-Tocsin and Neshoba Democrat provide readers with first-rate local and examples of enterprising journalism that still goes on in the hinterlands even in the poorest state in the nation. 5 Whether it is the Pilot taking on crooked judge, the Carthaginian reporters covering disaster while also helping citizens along the way, the Enterprise-Tocsin providing balanced coverage about racial inequity issues against the wishes of powerful white leaders, or the Democrat trying to right an injustice, these are four outstanding weekly newspapers.6The weekly newspaper business-despite all of the new technologies and declining readership in daily newspapers-remains strong vibrant industry. 7 Between 1987 and 2003, 64 percent of the 305 daily newspapers that ceased to publish actually continued operation as weeklies, merged dailies or zoned editions.8 The latest statistics indicate there are 6,659 weekly newspapers in the U.S.-with about two-thirds of them paid and the rest either free or combination of free and paid.9 And if the feeling is that weekly newspapers are not keeping up with the technology of the times, the data suggest otherwise. A recent study indicated that 92.8 percent of the weeklies publish an online newspaper.10Despite the prevalence of weekly newspapers and the fact that weekly newspapers continue to be in growth cycle and are keeping up with technology challenges, media scholars have tended to ignore them. …

Spatial and temporal variability of biogenic gases during the Southern Ocean spring bloom

The Southern Ocean exerts a strong influence on global biogeochemical cycles and air‐sea gas fluxes. Significant progress has been made towards understanding the general patterns of circulation and biological productivity in this region, but the small‐scale dynamics of surface water gases remain poorly resolved. Here we present new data documenting unprecedented spatial and temporal variability of Southern Ocean biogenic gases during the spring phytoplankton bloom. Using real‐time underway mass spectrometry, we observed significant changes in surface water O2/Ar, pCO2, and dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations over time scales of days to weeks and sub‐km spatial scales. Our results demonstrate a tight coupling between physical and biological processes controlling Southern Ocean gas distributions, and highlight the distinct biogeochemical dynamics governing gas cycling in open water and ice‐covered regions.

Prediction of Chinese Loess Plateau summer rainfall using Pacific Ocean spring sea surface temperature

AbstractThe Loess Plateau in China constitutes an important source area for both water and sediments to the Yellow River. Thus, improved prediction techniques of rainfall may lead to better estimation of discharge and sediment content for the Yellow River. Consequently, the objective of this study was to establish better links between rainfall of the Loess Plateau in China and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean. Results showed that there is a strong lagged correlation between and SST and rainfall. The SST for Micronesia and areas south of the Aleutian Islands showed significant correlations (s.f. &lt; 0·001; 99·9%) with rainfall over the dryer region of the Loess Plateau for a lag of 4 to 6 months. The SST over the equator on the east Pacific Ocean also showed significant negative correlation with rainfall. Low and middle latitude areas (S10–20° and around 30° ) of the south‐east Pacific Ocean displayed significant positive and negative correlation with rainfall on the semiarid Loess Plateau. The differenced SST values (positive SST minus negative SST) increased these correlations with rainfall. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict summer rainfall from the differenced SST during the spring period. The correlation between predicted and observed monthly rainfall was in general larger than 0·7. This indicates that major annual rainfall (during summer season) can be predicted with good accuracy using the suggested approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Fate of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) during the decline of the northwest Atlantic Ocean spring diatom bloom

A 7 d Lagrangian process study of the biogeochemical cycling of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) was conducted within a decaying diatom bloom in the northwest Atlantic Ocean in spring 2003. Ambient profiles of DMSP and DMS were surveyed daily in the water column and were used to estimate in situ net transformation rates. Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton abundance were determined within the surface mixed layer (SML) as well as at the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), and sinking fluxes of particulate DMSP (DMSPp) below 75 to 100 m were assessed using free-drifting particle interceptor traps. Chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration and diatom abundance declined in the SML over the course of the study period, and the phytoplankton chl a biomass progressively settled above the nitracline forming the DCM. The decline of the diatom bloom coincided with the settling of DMSP p out of the SML and the formation of a DMSP-rich layer at the DCM. The low daily sinking loss rate of DMSPp at 75 m (< 2 % d -1 ) provided confirmation of the efficient retention of DMSP p at the DCM. The decaying bloom gave rise to an initial release of dissolved DMSP (DMSP d ) in the upper water column, which was rapidly consumed by the growing bacterial community. The rapid loss of DMSP d was accompanied by significant increases in net production of DMS in the SML and fluxes of DMS to the atmosphere. Despite this increase in DMS dynamics, overall in situ net production rates remained fairly low during the 7 d period (≤0.4 nmol DMS l -1 d -1 ), suggesting that demethylation by the developing bacterial community dominated DMSP d -consuming processes.

Project Spotlight: Self-consolidating concrete in beams speeds Biloxi Bay Bridge construction

After Hurricane Katrina, the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) had to rebuild the four-lane bridge between Biloxi, Miss., and Ocean Springs, Miss., as quickly and durably as possible. Standard Concrete Products of Columbus, Ga., was contracted to supply the pre- stressed concrete beams that the project would require.

The psychosocial impact of Hurricane Katrina: Contextual differences in psychological symptoms, social support, and discrimination

This study tested a contextual model of disaster reaction by examining regional differences in the psychosocial impact of Hurricane Katrina. A total of 386 individuals participated in this study. All were recruited in the primary areas affected by Hurricane Katrina and included residents of metropolitan New Orleans (Orleans Parish, Louisiana), Greater New Orleans (i.e., Metairie, Kenner, Gretna), and the Mississippi Gulf Coast (i.e., cities along the coast from Waveland to Ocean Springs, Mississippi). Participants were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, other psychological symptoms, perceptions of discrimination, perceptions of social support, evacuation distance, and the extent to which they experienced hurricane-related stressful events. Results were consistent with previous research on the impact of disasters on mental health symptoms. Findings extended research on individual differences in the response to trauma and indicated that regional context predicted unique variance in the experience of discrimination, social support, and emotional symptoms consistent with the theoretical model presented.

Eutrophication Processes in Coastal Systems: Origin and Succession of Plankton Blooms and Effects on Secondary Production in Gulf Coast Estuaries

EcologyVolume 83, Issue 2 p. 588-589 Book Review Eutrophication Processes: Northwest Florida Estuary Responses Cynthia A. Moncreiff, Cynthia A. Moncreiff The University of Southern Mississippi College of Marine Sciences Department of Coastal Sciences Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39566-7000 E-mail: cynthia.moncreiff@usm.eduSearch for more papers by this author Cynthia A. Moncreiff, Cynthia A. Moncreiff The University of Southern Mississippi College of Marine Sciences Department of Coastal Sciences Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39566-7000 E-mail: cynthia.moncreiff@usm.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 2002 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0588:EPNFER]2.0.CO;2Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume83, Issue2February 2002Pages 588-589 RelatedInformation

A New Chapter in the Life of Louis Sullivan: Margaret Hattabough Sullivan and Lester Sullivan

A New Chapter in the Life of Louis Sullivan: Margaret Hattabaugh Sullivan and Lester Sullivan Paul Sprague Margaret Hattabough Whatever possessed Louis Sullivan, a 42-year-old bachelor, to get married in the spring of r899 is a mystery and likely to remain so. The woman he chose for his wife has also proved enigmatic. Hugh Morrison knew her name, Margaret Hattabaugh, and the dates of their marriage, July r, r899, and divorce, January 29, 1917, but little else.' Historian Willard Connely knew more about her, probably from remembrances furnished by Andrienne Sullivan, the daughter of Sullivan's brother Albert, and from a few surviving documents. But because Connely did not favor the reader with references, the validity ofhis remarks cannot easily be verified: In addition to whatever Sullivan's niece may have remembered about Margaret from her parents' conversations and conveyed to Connely, he apparently also got some of his facts from a note accompanying a photograph of Margaret then in Andrienne Sullivan's possession (jig. I). It reads, "Mrs. Louis H. Sullivan was (Mrs. Margaret Davies Hattabaugh) born in California in r872, married to Louis H. Sullivan, July r, r899." Just who was this elusive woman who in July r899 married the famous, well-educated and cosmopolitan architect, Louis Sullivan (jig. 2)? Discovering her lineage would have been much easier had she not continued to change her name throughout her life. The daunting task would also have been rendered much simpler had she honestly reported her age from time to time. As for her name, she gave it as Margaret Hattabaugh when she married Sullivan in r899. Her age, she testified was 27, which would make her birth year about r872.3 To the census-taker in I900, she reported her Fig. I. Margaret Sullivan. Probably taken during the I899I900 winter season at Ocean Springs on thefront porch ofthe Sullivan cottage. At that time Margaret was 4I years old. (Courtesy ofthe Avery Library, Columbia University) name as Margaret Sullivan; the year ofher birth as r873; and her place of birth, California. She added that her father had been born in Massachusetts and her mother in Connecticut. By 1914 she had become Margaret Davies Sullivan. In 1916 when she applied for a passport, she was still Margaret Davies Sullivan, but her age had advanced to 37, and, in fact, there she gave her birth date as May 29, r879, the place San Francisco. The next year, when she married for the third time, she gave her name as Mary Azona Sullivan, otherwise Margaret Davis, formerly Hattabaugh, age 38; her father, Arthur James Hattabaugh (deceased), a lawyer.4 ARRIS 39 PAUL SPRAGUE Fig. 2. Louis Sullivan. Taken by Chicago photographer William Koehne in I90I. At the time Sullivan was 44 years old (From the Architectural Annual, I90I,jrontispiece) In 1920 she is listed by the census-taker as Margaret D. Marshall, aged 39, which would make her birth year r88r. But little of this is true! She was not 27 when she married Sullivan, nor was her given name Margaret, nor were her parents born in Massachusetts and Connecticut, nor was she ever given the name Davies, nor was there any such a name in her family, nor was she born in San Francisco, nor was her father Arthur James Hattabaugh, a lawyer! What is true is that her maiden name was Hattabaugh and that her middle name very likely was Azona and her birthday was surely May 29.5 Who then was this mysterious woman who claimed Sullivan's heart? She was born Mary Azona Hattabaugh on a farm in the Santa Clara valley of California about three miles southwest of San Jose on May 29, r858.6 She first appears in public records in the r86o federal census of California where she is identified as Mary A. Hattabaugh, age 2, daughter of Isaac and Jane Hattabough.7 This means, of course, that in July r899, when Mary married Louis Sullivan, she was 41 years old, making her less than two years younger than Sullivan. No wonder Robert Twombly was struck by her rather mature features to the discussion of which he expended not a few words in his...