Occurrence Of Violence Research Articles

Gender and Violence in the Daily Routine of Community Health Workers in Fortaleza, Brazil.

Community Health Workers (CHWs) are the link between the Brazilian primary health care system and the community. Since CHWs live in the same neighborhoods they work, they are involved in what happens in the community, including observants and or potential targets of violence. However, it is not known if female and male CHWs perceive and suffer violence similarly. This study aimed to investigate the violence to which CHWs are exposed and if female CHWs experience and or perceive violence the same way as male CHWs. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from CHWs. Two periods (2019 [n=1402] and 2021 [n=364]) were compared. The data show that more than 80% of CHWs were exposed to violence, either as victims or witnesses within the community they served. In general, while the occurrence of violence towards CHWs decreased, their perception of community violence increased. Over time, the perception of urban/community violence remained constant among male CHWs, but increased among female CHWs, as shown by the significant rise between 2019 and 2021 in the percentage of female CHWs reporting witnessing or hearing about manifestations of violence (e.g., physical aggression; assault; stabbing; lethal gunshot; non-lethal gunshot; and gang violence). Among male CHWs, perception only increased with regard to the item assault. Given the complexity of violence and its repercussions on the daily routines of CHWs, intersectoral and interdisciplinary partnerships between health workers and other stakeholders are needed to create strategies capable of dealing with expressions of violence in the territories served.

Psychometrics of social norm and beliefs on gender-based violence in Indonesia

Introduction: Gender-based violence (GBV) is an important issue, especially violence experienced by women in the household. Social norms and beliefs (SNB) held by a person in society also affect the occurrence of violence. The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity and reliability of SNB on the GBV scale in Indonesia. Methods: Cross-sectional research was used in this study. A questionnaire on gender-based SNB was used to gather data. It had two domains—injunctive social norms and personal beliefs—each with three subscales: the husband's right to use violence, preserving family honor, and responding to sexual violence. By using a random sampling technique, data were obtained from 234 people consisting of 197 women and 37 men aged over 18 years. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS. Results: The item which was strong on social norms with Cronbach's alpha 0.844 was protecting family honor. All items were above 0.5 so it can be stated that the gender-based SNB scale was valid and reliable to be used in measuring gender-based violence in Indonesia. Conclusions: Psychometrics of SNB about GBV scale in the Indonesian version is valid and reliable.

The Causes of the Cyber Violence Problem Taking Qzone as an Example

After entering the internet age, cyber violence has appeared as a new type of violence and has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its frequency and serious consequences. This paper takes the users of Qzone as the research subject and uses a questionnaire survey and textual analysis to investigate the causes of the formation of cyber violence. The researcher concludes that cyber violence can be attributed to the anonymity of the internet, high sensitivity and impulsiveness of users, and the inadequacy of the law. The anonymity of the internet reduces people's sense of shame and makes perpetrators feel protected while the high sensitivity of the users makes them more susceptible to verbal stimuli that can provoke a violent counterattack. Furthermore, China's laws on cyber violence are not yet complete and the division of responsibility is not yet clear. Many people believe that punishment can be avoided and they have no qualms about venting their malice online. This study will help people develop a concrete understanding of the causes of cyber violence and better countermeasures could be taken to reduce the occurrence of cyber violence in many aspects, involving government, platforms, existing users, and potential future users.

A socio-legal imperative of domestic violence prohibition in Africa vis-a-vis Nigerian legal structure for sexually abused women

Domestic violence is a major issue globally. It is one of the most heinous crimes which has and still results in numerous deaths, still receives the least amount of attention, and its negative influence is being underrated. In Africa, it is customarily acceptable for a woman to be beaten by her husband as a form of discipline, and Nigeria is not an exception. To think otherwise, that it cannot be socially acceptable and legally upheld for a man to beat his wife as a form of discipline, is to deny an existing reality. Section 282 of the Nigerian Penal Code encourages men to beat their wives when necessary. This form of permissible violence is often viewed as a family issue. Hence women are hesitant or reluctant to speak up about their experiences. The stigma that usually follows speaking up or voicing out is better imagined than experienced. This study, therefore, provides credible information on domestic violence incidents in Nigeria and Africa. The methodology utilised is the doctrinal legal research method with reports from existing literature and tertiary data sources such as newspapers and website sources. It discusses legislation enacted to prevent and prohibit domestic violence in Nigeria and how influential they have been on the nation at large. By way of comparative analysis, we examine domestic violence occurrences in some selected African countries and the European continents in relation to Nigeria. It also delves into the violation of the principles of gender equality by some Nigerian customs and traditional practices. This study then makes recommendations on how to address the issue. Through its insightful engagement, this study found, among others, that domestic violence is widespread in Africa and that a national law prohibiting the act and holding perpetrators accountable is not only imperative in Nigeria but across the African continent.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN MALAYSIA: A STUDY ON CAUSES AND THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT

The whole world is now dealing with the increase in cases of domestic violence. To determine domestic violence, usually each family will be the target of either the perpetrator or the victim. This is an issue that requires special attention from the authorities to identify the causes and the best solution. Thus, this study will discuss issues related to domestic violence in Malaysia and the legal actions based on the provisions as provided by the Domestic Violence Act 1994 in handling such cases. Several factors have been identified for the occurrence of domestic violence and the form of legal action that can protect the victims. This article was written based on qualitative method by looking at official documents and cases that occurred in Malaysia. It can be concluded that domestic violence can happen to family members, spouses, children, and the elderly. In addition, this article also explains the role of the Social Welfare Department in helping victims of domestic violence based on the protections enshrined in the Penal Code, the Domestic Violence Act 1994 and the Child Act 2001.

Policy Implementation of Law No. 35 of 2014 Regarding Child Protection in Cibeber District, Lebak Regency

Child protection is all the forms that are implemented that every child can get the rights and responsibilities to grow and develop naturally, both physically, mentally, and socially. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection Policy in Cibeber District, Lebak Regency. The research used descriptive qualitative methods and the basis for the use of research methods aims to collect and analyze a certain process related to the research focus. The data obtained are presented descriptively and analyzed using descriptive analytic techniques of the case study type. The theory used in this research is the Implementation Theory of Donald Van Metter and Carl Van Horn in Widodo (2008). The results of the study show that the Cibeber District Government has socialized child protection regulations quite well, this is evidenced by the role of the Cibeber District Government in collaboration with related parties such as the Health Party, Law Enforcement Officials, Village Government Parties, Social Assistance Parties (PATBM), to socialize and implement programs related to child protection, especially in Law No.35 of 2014. The obstacles found are the lack of public understanding of child protection regulations, as well as socio-economic conditions that result in gaps in the occurrence of violence against children, besides that the form of programs and socialization carried out by the government is not carried out in stages.

Ghost Citizens: Jewish Return to a Postwar City [Dom, którego nie było: powroty ocalałych do powojennego miasta

Ghost Citizens: Jewish Return to a Postwar City [Dom, którego nie było: powroty ocalałych do powojennego miasta

Implementation of a Behavioral Emergency Response Team in the Emergency Department

IntroductionEmergency nurses, physicians, and patients experience occurrences of workplace violence. Having a team to respond to escalating behavioral events provides a consistent approach to reducing occurrences of workplace violence and increasing safety. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to design, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral emergency response team in an emergency department to reduce occurrences of workplace violence and increase the perception of safety. MethodsA quality improvement design was used. The behavioral emergency response team protocol was created using evidenced-based protocols that have been shown to be effective in reducing the number of occurrences of workplace violence. Emergency nurses, patient support technicians, security personnel, and a behavioral assessment and referral team were trained in the behavioral emergency response team protocol. Data on occurrences of workplace violence were collected from March 2022 to November 2022. Postbehavioral emergency response team debriefings were conducted, and real-time education was provided after implementation. Survey data were collected to evaluate the emergency team members’ perceptions of safety and of the effectiveness of the behavioral emergency response team protocol. Descriptive statistics were calculated. ResultsThe number of reported occurrences of workplace violence decreased by to 0 postimplementation of the behavioral emergency response team protocol. The perception of safety increased 36.5% postimplementation (mean 2.2 preimplementation, mean 3.0 postimplementation). In addition, an increase in awareness about reporting occurrences of workplace violence resulted from education and implementation of the behavioral emergency response team protocol. ConclusionPostimplementation, participants reported an increase in the perception of safety. Implementation of a behavioral emergency response team was effective in reducing assaults toward emergency department team members and increasing the perception of safety.

Intimate partner sexual violence during pregnancy and its associated factors in Northwest Ethiopian women.

Violence against women is a global problem. In pregnant women, it is a particular concern as a virtue of the additional risks to the unborn child. Of different acts of violence, sexual violence shares the major contribution that results in short and long-term physical, sexual, reproductive, and mental health problems of pregnant women. Little is known about sexual violence during pregnancy in Ethiopia. this study aimed to assess the proportion and factors associated with intimate partners' sexual violence against pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 409 pregnant women in Debre Markos town from March to April 2018. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. A pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used. Binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify associated factors and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95 % confidence interval (CI) at a p-value of <0.05 was used to declare a significant association. Of 409 pregnant women, 19.8% have experienced sexual violence by their intimate partner during their current pregnancy. Accordingly, the major intimate partner sexual violence during pregnancy was having unwanted sexual intercourse due to fear from the partner (13.4%), being forced to do something sexual that is degrading or humiliating (13.0%), and being physically forced to have sexual intercourse (9.8%). Living with her partner/husband (AOR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.30, 10.69), uneducated educational status of partner (AOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.06, 5.56), and frequency of alcohol consumption (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.24, 8.26) were factors associated with increased occurrence of intimate partner sexual violence during pregnancy. The proportion of sexual violence against pregnant women by their intimate partner(s) was found to be common in our study. Socio-demographic and behavioral-related factors were risk factors for sexual violence. As a result, preventive strategies and interventions centering on the empowerment of those facing the greatest barriers to reproductive freedom require a shift from traditional ways of thinking.

The short- to medium-term predictive validity of the HoNOS-Secure on violence in a medium-secure forensic psychiatric ward in New Zealand

ABSTRACT Violence risk prediction in forensic mental health care settings is important in facilitating its management. Although not specifically developed for risk assessment, previous studies have demonstrated that the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales-Secure (HoNOS-secure) and its predecessor may have some predictive validity for violence. This retrospective cohort study examines the predictive validity of HoNOS-secure scores rated on admission in a medium-secure forensic psychiatric ward in New Zealand for inpatient violence in the short- to medium-term at 30 and 90 days respectively. A sample size of 33 eligible admissions was obtained within the study period (2005–2017), and incident reports were rated by two independent clinicians for the occurrence and level of inpatient violence. Poisson, negative binomial and Cox regression analyses were used to investigate HoNOS-secure predictivity for the occurrence of inpatient violence, number of violent events, and time to the first violent event respectively. Although the HoNOS-secure total and subscale scores were not found to be significant predictors, post hoc analysis at the item level demonstrated association of various items with violence. Future studies could consider pooling data from multiple study sites, extending follow-up periods and adopting a prospective design.

Relationship between Behavior, Occupation and Abuse of Psychotropic Drugs and Addictive Substances with Cases of Sexual Violence by Partners Against Women Recorded at the Women Crisis Center in Padang City

Background : One of the main issues affecting reproductive health is sexual violence. Sexualviolence is the third most common form of violence against women (30%) of all cases. Basedon data from the Woman Crisis Center (WCC) in Padang, cases of sexual violence havecontinued to increase. There are four main determinants of sexual violence including thesocial environment, community, individual and relationship.Methods: A case-control study is designed to help determine if an determinants is associatedwith an outcome. This study was conducted on 66 samples, 33 of whom were female victimsof sexual violence by partners registered at the WCC. The B-SAFER questionnaire is used asan instrument to assess descriptions of sexual violence committed and psychosocialassessment of the factors underlying the occurrence of sexual violence. Chi-Square test andlogistic regression are used to analyze the relationship between variables.Results: There is no significant relationship between the abuse of psychotropic drugs and theincidence of sexual violence. However, there is a significant relationship between a history ofnegative behavior (p = 0.0001) and disruption of job stability (p = 0.0002) to incidents ofsexual violence. Between this two, negative behavior is the factor that most contributes to theincidence of sexual violence against women, but it is not statistically significant.Conclusion: Behavior is the most important factor in the occurrence of sexual violence, butstatistically it is not significant. There is no variable that determines sexual violence becausethe concept of sexual violence is a complex and polymorphic phenomenon. Further studiesare needed in determining the role of other factors that play a role.

The Influence of Internet Violence on The Mental Health of College Students in The New-media Era

The advent of the era of "new media" makes the online social environment more open. College students, as one the mainstream users of online social media, will inevitably have conflicts when communicating with the virtual network environment, and the phenomenon of online violence happens from time to time, which has a great impact on the mental health of college students. This study selected the college students to participate in the network violence groups as the investigation object, the construction of college students to participate in the theoretical model of network violence, and then put forward the research hypothesis, and design the questionnaire. Finally, it was concluded that the occurrence of network violence will cause psychological harm to the participants or victims of college students, and although college students do not approve of network violence, they still have deficiencies in behavior control, and they still use network violence to achieve their own goals. The results of this study had reference significance for the psychological rehabilitation of college students after the occurrence of cyber violence.

Prevalência e fatores associados à violência no trabalho contra residentes multiprofissionais durante a pandemia

ABSTRACT Cross-sectional study which objective was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence (physical and/or verbal) against multiprofessional residents working at a Brazilian university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. A census was developed in July 2020 with 67 residents. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire, evaluating physical and verbal violence through self-report. Associations between the occurrence of violence experienced during the pandemic and independent variables (sociodemographic, psycho-emotional, and patient care with COVID-19) were analyzed using statistical tests and Poisson Regression (PR) with robust variance. Differences between groups were observed when comparing occupations and the degree of satisfaction with the residence, with a higher proportion of physical therapists and social workers, as well as dissatisfied residents among those who reported violence (p≤0.005). After regression analysis, violence was associated with increase in age (PR=1.25; 95%CI 1.12-1.40) and moderate/severe anxiety levels (RP=2.87; 95%CI 1.12-1.40). The findings point to the need to implement institutional measures for the prevention and control of workplace violence considering the factors associated with it during the pandemic.

Influence of Stress Related Factors on the Occurrence of Physical Violence among Relational Couples in Nakuru County

Influence of Stress Related Factors on the Occurrence of Physical Violence among Relational Couples in Nakuru County

Workplace Violence against Health Care Providers in Emergency Departments of Public Hospitals in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare providers is a serious problem that carries health, safety, and legal consequences. Healthcare providers working in emergency departments (ED) are more susceptible to WPV compared to other healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of physical and verbal violence against ED physicians and nurses in public hospitals in Amman, Jordan, and to explore the relationship between WPV and the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess physical and verbal violence against ED physicians and nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 67 physicians and 96 nurses from three public hospitals in Amman. In the past year, 33% and 53% of the participants experienced physical and verbal violence, respectively. Compared to their female counterparts, males were more frequently physically (43.7% vs. 2.3%, p-value < 0.001) and verbally (61.3% vs. 29.5%, p-value < 0.001) abused. The main perpetrators of physical and verbal violence were the patients' relatives. Out of 53 physical and 86 verbal abuse incidents, only 15 cases (10.8%) were followed up with legal persecution. In conclusion, there is a widespread occurrence of physical and verbal violence against ED physicians and nurses in the public sector hospitals in Jordan. A collaborative effort by all stakeholders should be instituted to ensure the safety of the physicians and nurses and to improve the quality of the healthcare provided.

Satisfaction with the life of Polish women experiencing domestic violence.

Domestic violence against a woman, inflicted by her husband/partner, disrupts the socially recognized model of partnership and family life and endangers the health and life of the victim. The aim of the study was to assess the level of satisfaction with the life of Polish women experiencing domestic violence and compare it to results of women not experiencing domestic violence. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 610 Polish women divided in two groups: victims of domestic violence (Group 1, n = 305) and women not experiencing domestic violence (Group 2, n = 305). Most Polish women experiencing domestic violence are characterized by low life satisfaction. The mean value of life satisfaction in Group 1 was 13.78, SD = 4.88, significantly lower when compared to Group 2 (M = 21.04, SD = 5.61). Their satisfaction with life is related, among other things, to the form of violence inflicted upon them by their husband/partner. Abused women with low life satisfaction are most often victims of psychological violence. The most common cause is the perpetrator's addiction to alcohol and/or drugs. Assessment of their life satisfaction is unrelated to help-seeking and to the occurrence of violence in their family home in the past.

Escala de Valoración del Riesgo de Violencia Grave contra la Mujer (VRVG-M). Ámbito de Pareja

Violence against the partner has various consequences in the victims and often has lethal consequences. This research developed the Risk Assessment Scale for Serious Violence against Women (RASV-W), which aims to identify the risk of occurrences of serious violence against the partner. The research was carried out in 7 cities in Perú and 598 women victims of intimate partner violence participated. The results showed adequate construct validity (CFI = .973, TLI = .964, RMSEA = .052, and RMRS = .0395, composite reliability > .70, and mean variance extracted > .50 for all factors) and diagnostic accuracy (AUC = .87), so the RASV-W scale is an adequate instrument that helps to assess the risk of serious violence against women within the sphere of the couple. The incorporation and predictive contribution of some risk factors in this type of instrument is discussed.

‘This place does not feel safe’: safe and unsafe spaces in Swedish school-age educare

ABSTRACT This study explores the occurrence of violence in children’s everyday lives in different places in school and school-age educare. School-age educare is a Swedish institution providing care before and after school. The study is based on interviews, observations, and walk-and-talk sessions with 11 children in a school-age educare institution. A thematic analysis informed by the theoretical concepts of Doreen Massey (space and place) and Johan Galtung (direct, structural, and cultural violence) was conducted. Three themes were developed: spaces of tense waiting; pop-up yard spaces; and ignored spaces in the woods. The results show that physical and psychological violence arises in the schoolyard, gym, and canteen. The staff did not always pay attention to the violence that occurred, and the children found ways to navigate and handle violence by avoiding certain places. They also used relationships with children and adults for their support. This study examines the everyday life in which direct and cultural violence occur.

Mengungkap Identitas Pelaku Pelecehan Seksual di Media Sosial Melanggar UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi?

&#x0D; The purpose of this research is to examine whether disclosing the identity of perpetrators of sexual harassment on social media violates the Personal Data Protection Act? Because according to the 2021 Komnas Perempuan Annual Records, sexual violence against women has increased significantly over the last ten years (2010-2020). The occurrence of sexual violence is caused by several factors which will be discussed in this paper. The formulation of the problem taken in this research is whether the victim who reveals the identity of the perpetrator of sexual harassment on social media violates the Personal Data Protection Law and what legal remedies can be taken by victims of sexual harassment and what are the appropriate sanctions for perpetrators of sexual harassment. The research method is a descriptive method, namely by explaining the results of research in an accurate, systematic and accurate manner. The result of this research is that personal data protection is one of human rights which is part of personal self-protection. Based on the Personal Data Protection Law, it is concluded that victims of sexual harassment who reveal the identity of the perpetrator have the potential to be subject to articles that have been approved by the Indonesian state. Legal remedies for victims of sexual harassment who reveal the identity of the perpetrator is to make a report to the police that they have experienced sexual harassment, if the victim feels afraid it can be reported by someone who knows the incident, sexual harassment can also be reported by the UPTD PPA and during the process of reporting to the police the victim entitled to guaranteed protection from the LPSK and several kinds of sanctions with the type of case of perpetrators of sexual harassment will also be attached to this paper&#x0D; Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Personal Data Protection Law, Social Media

State Responsibility for Victims of Domestic Violence

The occurrence of violence in the household is still common due to a wrong understanding of gender bias, where a woman must submit to a man. In general, gender bias also places women in a weak position, thus making men more dominant in the family system and society, this is very detrimental to women, so women experience violence more often. Domestic violence is often called a hidden crime, because it is committed within the scope of the household which cannot be known by other people openly, and for victims it is also a separate dilemma considering that the perpetrators of violence are also family members (husband against wife or vice versa) who in fact are still in a marriage bond. the variables causing the wrongdoing of household savagery incorporate envy, financial variables, and a need of information almost existing enactment. Legitimate security for ladies casualties of household viciousness has been controlled in Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Disposal of Household Viciousness.