Occurrence Of Swelling Research Articles

The Correlation Between Breast Care With The Incidance Of Breastmilk Dams At Ns Baby Spa And Mom Care Clinic Medan Johor District Medan City In 2019

Background: Breast milk dams are of milk due narrowing of the lactic ducts or by the glands not being enptied completely or due to abnormalities in the nipples. Breast milk dam is the occurrence of swelling in the breast due to increased venous and lymph flow which causes milk dams and pain accompanied by an increase in body temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine in the relationship between breast care and the incidence of ASI dams in the Ns Baby SpaAnd Mom Care Clinic Medan Johor District Medan City in 2019. Method: This type of research is an observational analytic case control study approach. The population was all breastfeeding mothers who experienced breastfeeding dam events in the 2019 Ns Baby Spa And Mom Care Clinic , totaling 80 people. The number of samples used was 31 people obtained using simple random sampling technique. Data collection using questionnaires and checklist sheets to monitor the management of breast care. Data analysis techniques andchecklist sheets to monitor the management of breast care. Data analysis techniques using the chi square test. Result: The results obtained are p value (0,000). Conclusion: There was a relationship between breast care and the incidence of breast milk dams at the NsBaby Spa And Mom Care Clinic in Medan Johor District Medan City in 2019

Exploring the electrochemical and mechanical properties of lithium-ion batteries in salt spray environments

With the pressing need to expedite the transition toward a greener marine industry, energy-efficient and eco-friendly lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly favored. However, compared to land applications, marine environments pose unique challenges to the utilization of LIBs, thereby necessitating targeted safety measures. In this study, prismatic LIBs (PLIBs) are subjected to standard salt spray tests to emulate marine environments, and the resultant morphological changes and external voltage response of the batteries under the corrosion behavior are analyzed. Subsequently, the impacts of the salt spray environment on the electrochemical performance of PLIBs are assessed through a range of characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and charge-discharge test. Finally, quasi-static ball indentation tests are carried out on the corroded batteries to study the behaviors under mechanical abusive loading scenarios. Results reveal that the most prominent effect of the salt spray environment on the batteries is the occurrence of swelling, attributable to the imperfect sealing of the battery tabs. This study represents an innovative exploration of the viability of LIBs in the marine environments, providing fundamental theoretical guidance for early detection of battery corrosion and collision risks, as well as facilitating protective design considerations.

CORRELATION BETWEEN BREAST CARE WITH THE INCIDANCE OF BREASTMILK DAMS AT NS BABY SPA AND MOM CARE CLINIC MEDAN JOHOR DISTRICT MEDAN CITY IN 2019

Breast milk dams are of milk due narrowing of the lactic ducts or by the glands not being enptied completely or due to abnormalities in the nipples. Breast milk dam is the occurrence of swelling in the breast due to increased venous and lymph flow which causes milk dams and pain accompanied by an increase in body temperature (Winkjosastro, 2016). The purpose of this study was to determine in the relationship between breast care and the incidence of ASI dams in the Ns Baby Spa And Mom Care Clinic Medan Johor District Medan City in 2019. This type of research is an observational analytic case control study approach. The population was all breastfeeding mothers who experienced breastfeeding dam events in the 2019 Ns Baby Spa And Mom Care Clinic , totaling 80 people. The number of samples used was 31 people obtained using simple random sampling technique. Data collection using questionnaires and checklist sheets to monitor the management of breast care. Data analysis techniques and checklist sheets to monitor the management of breast care. Data analysis techniques using the chi square test. The results obtained are p value (0,000) which means there is a relationship between breast care and the incidence of breast milk dams at the Ns Baby Spa And Mom Care Clinic in Medan Johor District Medan City in 2019.

Assessment on hybrid jute/coir fibers reinforced polyester composite with hybrid fillers under different environmental conditions

In this work, synergistic impact of hybrid fibers and hybrid fillers on mechanical, moisture absorption and morphological properties of polyester matrix composites at dry and wet conditions was examined. The hybrid composite laminates were fabricated by compression molding technique, using new combinations of jute and coir fibers as primary reinforcements as well as waste eggshell powder (ESP) and montmorillonite nanoclay (MMTK10-NC) as secondary reinforcements in a polyester matrix. The fillers, ESP and NC were added to the jute and coir fiber blended hybrid composite in different amounts. Maximum tensile strengths of the hybrid composites were estimated to be 24.57, 21.77 and 22.63 MPa when fillers were added at equal weight percent (wt.%) of 1.5 for dry, river and sea water (wet) conditions, respectively. Under same dry, river and sea water conditions, flexural strengths of 46.97, 44.85 and 42.36 MPa as well as impact strengths of 2.697, 2.572 and 2.607 J were obtained, respectively. Occurrence of swelling, agglomeration and porosity on the hybrid composites were observed to be crucial factors, which caused their strength reduction. It was evident from the results obtained that addition of hybrid fillers to the hybrid composites in different weight proportions increased their mechanical performances higher than that of non-filler hybrid composites. Mechanical properties diminished with wet condition, due to deterioration between the fibers and matrix interface. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that it was due to weak fiber–matrix adhesion. With addition of hybrid filler to the hybrid composites, the moisture absorption rate was reduced. Importantly, the optimal/best hybrid composite sample S4 with equal filler content of 1.5 wt% can be used as an alternative sustainable material for low load bearing structural components in building construction industries, such as trusses and frames, wooden flooring and scaffold.

The imprint of the ENSO activities on the South China Sea wave climate

Global warming is changing the global wave climate, making waves stronger. In this study, we find that the wave climate in the South China Sea (SCS) undergoes an intensifying trend under global warming background, by examining the ERA-5 wave reanalysis data over 1979–2018. Results show a significant increase in most of the SCS, of 0.2% per year in significant wave height (SWH) and 0.15% per year in wave period (WP), but there is no significant change in surface wind speed (WS), which may correspond to the weakening of the Asian monsoon. The increase of the swell is the main characteristic of wave climate change in the SCS. We further examined the possible factors to cause the increasing of SWH, and found that the frequency of gale events occurring in the SCS and its adjacent regions increased over study period. The more frequent gale events can explain the significant increasing tendency of the SWH in the SCS by causing the occurrence of swell. The increasing appearance of gale events is closely related to the intensification of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO activities also can regulate the interannual variability of wave climate in the SCS through the surface wind. Therefore, ENSO activities play an important role in the change of wave climate in the SCS.

Stem anatomy and its relevance for the taxonomic survey of Selaginella subg. Gymnogynum (Selaginellaceae)

The current circumscription of Selaginella subg. Gymnogynum fails to accurately define and describe the stem articulations and stem vascular system of its representatives. A structural revision may improve species delimitation within subgenus Gymnogynum and is thus pivotal for taxonomic and evolutionary studies in Selaginella. We analyzed 34 specimens from 12 species of S. subg. Gymnogynum, two species of S. subg. Exaltatae and one species of S. subg. Stachygynandrum, which we obtained from herbaria. Samples were subjected to the herborization reversal procedure and processed following usual methods in light microscopy. All sampled Gymnogynum species as well as S. exaltata are articulated. Only S. anaclasta (subg. Exaltatae) and S. coarctata (subg. Stachygynandrum) lack articulations. The articulation region can be characterized and classified based on the occurrence of swellings or nodules (hyperplasia), the predominant presence of pectin in the cell wall and formation of grooves that reach the cortical region (constrictions). These three traits combined form five articulation types. We found the following types of stem vascular system: haplostele, actinostele, plectostele and actino-plectostele. In Gymnogynum, we found the bistelic haplostele, plectostele and two variations of actinostele. Our analysis allowed for a standardized and revised characterization of species in subg. Gymnogynum, with additional information on subgenera Exaltatae and Stachygynandrum, thereby expanding the database of anatomical traits that may contribute not only to achieving a more accurate taxon delimitation but also to subsidizing further studies on the evolutionary history of Selaginella.

Risk factors and prediction model for persistent breast-cancer-related lymphedema: a 5-year cohort study

PurposeBreast-cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) can be a transient or persistent condition. The aims of this study were to (1) identify and weigh the risk factors for persistent lymphedema (PLE) among all patients with BCRL and (2) establish a prediction model for the occurrence of PLE.MethodsA cohort of 342 patients with BCRL with a median follow-up of 5 years after the onset of swelling was analyzed. PLE was defined as a hardening of the subcutaneous tissue, the persistence of the circumferential difference (CD) between arms, or a flare-up of swelling during follow-up. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for PLE, including tumors, treatments, and patient-related factors. The prediction accuracy of the model was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsOf the 342 patients with BCRL, 229 (67%) had PLE. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of lymph node metastases (p = 0.012), the maximal CD between arms at the first occurrence of swelling (p < 0.001), and the largest difference during follow-up (p < 0.001) were significant predictors for PLE. The corresponding AUC was 0.908. Although inclusion of body weight gains (p = 0.008) and maximal CD at the latest follow-up (p = 0.002) increased the analytical accuracy (AUC = 0.920), the resulting AUC values (p = 0.113) were not significantly different.ConclusionsBCRL is persistent in two thirds of patients. Patients with more lymph node metastases, weight gain, and larger CD since the onset of swelling and during follow-up have an increased likelihood of developing PLE.

Impacts of climate changes on ocean surface gravity waves over the eastern Canadian shelf

A numerical study is conducted to investigate the impact of climate changes on ocean surface gravity waves over the eastern Canadian shelf (ECS). The “business-as-usual” climate scenario known as Representative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5 is considered in this study. Changes in the ocean surface gravity waves over the study region for the period 1979–2100 are examined based on 3 hourly ocean waves simulated by the third-generation ocean wave model known as WAVEWATCHIII. The wave model is driven by surface winds and ice conditions produced by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4). The whole study period is divided into the present (1979–2008), near future (2021–2050) and far future (2071–2100) periods to quantify possible future changes of ocean waves over the ECS. In comparison with the present ocean wave conditions, the time-mean significant wave heights (H s ) are expected to increase over most of the ECS in the near future and decrease over this region in the far future period. The time-means of the annual 5% largest H s are projected to increase over the ECS in both near and far future periods due mainly to the changes in surface winds. The future changes in the time-means of the annual 5% largest H s and 10-m wind speeds are projected to be twice as strong as the changes in annual means. An analysis of inverse wave ages suggests that the occurrence of wind seas is projected to increase over the southern Labrador and central Newfoundland Shelves in the near future period, and occurrence of swells is projected to increase over other areas of the ECS in both the near and far future periods.

A study on the enhancement of the reliability in gravure offset roll printing with blanket swelling control

In roll-offset printing (patterning) technology with a PDMS blanket as a transfer medium, one of the major reliability issues is the occurrence of swelling, which involves absorption of the ink solvent in the printing blanket with repeated printing. This study developed a method to resolve blanket swelling in gravure offset roll printing and performed experiments for performance verification. The physical phenomena of mass and heat transfer were applied to fabricate a device based on convection drying. The proposed device managed to effectively control blanket swelling through drying by blowing air and additional temperature control. The experiments verified that printing quality (in particular the variation of the width of printed patterns) was maintained over 500 continuous printing.

AB0951 Can a clinician predict clinical presentation of osteoarthritis knee by knee radiology?

BackgroundDiscordance between clinical and radiological profiles in knee osteoarthritis has been reported.ObjectivesThis study essentially analyzed radiological features of osteoarthritis knee in order to seek an association between clinical and radiographic...

The Pathophysiology of Concussion

Abstract Concussion is defined as a biomechanically induced brain injury characterized by the absence of gross anatomic lesions. Early and late clinical symptoms, including impairments of memory and attention, headache, and alteration of mental status, are the result of neuronal dysfunction mostly caused by functional rather than structural abnormalities. The mechanical insult initiates a complex cascade of metabolic events leading to perturbation of delicate neuronal homeostatic balances. Starting from neurotoxicity, energetic metabolism disturbance caused by the initial mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be the main biochemical explanation for most postconcussive signs and symptoms. Furthermore, concussed cells enter a peculiar state of vulnerability, and if a second concussion is sustained while they are in this state, they may be irreversibly damaged by the occurrence of swelling. This condition of concussion-induced brain vulnerability is the basic pathophysiology of the second impact syndrome. N-acetylaspartate, a brain-specific compound representative of neuronal metabolic wellness, is proving a valid surrogate marker of the post-traumatic biochemical damage, and its utility in monitoring the recovery of the aforementioned “functional” disturbance as a concussion marker is emerging, because it is easily detectable through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Temperature and humidity for air drying of soyabeans (Part 1). Theory and testing of seed coat cracking and occurrence of swelling.

Temperature and humidity for air drying of soyabeans (Part 1). Theory and testing of seed coat cracking and occurrence of swelling.

A Randomized Clinical Evaluation of Ultrasound Bone Surgery Versus Traditional Rotary Instruments in Lower Third Molar Extraction

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare, in a randomized and controlled clinical trial, the use of ultrasound bone surgery devices and the use of rotary instruments in lower third molar extractions. We selected 26 patients (12 women and 14 men) for this study; the mean age was 31.2 years (range, 24-45 years). A randomized clinical trial was planned. Patients in the control group received treatment with the conventional rotary instruments; patients in the test group received treatment with the ultrasound bone surgery tools. Twenty-six third molars were allocated to the test and control groups according to a computer-generated randomization list. All the surgical procedures were performed by the same surgeon. Pain, trismus, cheek swelling, and number of analgesics taken were evaluated at baseline (before surgery) and at the first-, third-, fifth-, and seventh-day visits. Pain levels (evaluated on a visual analog scale) were higher in the control group when compared with the ultrasonic group; however, no statistically significant differences were found. On the contrary, the number of analgesics taken in the test group was significantly lower when compared with the control group. The occurrence of trismus was significantly higher in the control group when compared with the test group. The clinical values of cheek swelling were higher in the rotary group when compared with the ultrasound group at the fifth-day visit. This study showed that the use of ultrasound bone surgery for third molar extraction significantly reduced the occurrence of postsurgical trismus, the occurrence of swelling, and the number of analgesics taken after surgery.

Reaction Rates and Swelling Phenomenon of Fe–C Droplets in FeO bearing Slag

The reduction of FeO in slag by an iron droplet, decarburisation of the droplet and the droplet swelling phenomenon during slag-metal droplet reaction were analyzed by a kinetic model. Diffusions in the slag phase, diffusions throughout the droplet, interfacial reactions, equilibrium relations and homogeneous nucleation of gas bubbles within the droplet were incorporated in the model.During an Fe–C droplet reaction with FeO bearing slag, decarburisation rate increases with increasing FeO in slag, carbon in the droplet and the droplet size, but the rate decreases with increasing silicon in metal and ambient pressure. The decarburisation rate in unit surface area of the droplet increases with increasing the droplet size. Slow decarburisation during the initial stage of the reaction was suggested by the model, and the desiliconisation and oxygen absorption of the droplet were found to be responsible for this initial slow decarburisation. The initial slow decarburisation is pronounced when the droplet contains higher carbon and silicon, or when the reaction occurs under higher pressure and with the slag containing lower FeO. CO bubble generation within the droplet was suggested to cause the swelling of the droplet. The occurrence of swelling is promoted when the droplet contains higher carbon and lower silicon, slag contains higher FeO, or when the droplet is small, and the reaction occurs under lower pressure.

An experimental study of the effect of water content on combustion of heavy fuel oil/water emulsion droplets

Experiments of isolated high asphaltene droplets of heavy fuel oil/water emulsion were performed to investigate the non-steady behavior of the burning droplets. High-resolution video methods allowed monitoring of the various combustion stages. A highly radiant (1000 °C/s) oxidizing environment was necessary to enhance the volatility differential of the high asphaltene fuel, thus reducing uncertainties because of the presence of the fiber. Data on size and temperature histories were obtained and coke residues were analyzed by a Scanning Electron Microscope. A lower and upper bound for ignition time delay was established. The error defined as the time lag between these two limits never exceeded 10 ms, which is the maximum time for soot to form in the flame after actual ignition. The ignition time delay of emulsions was longer than for an ordinary heavy fuel oil (HFO) droplets of the same size. The peak temperature of emulsions occurred much earlier in time. The steeper temperature rise seen in the emulsions for portions of their combustion history is evidence of both soot reduction and the extent of burnout of the cenospheres, which is an important aspect in the reduction of pollutant emissions. The occurrence of swelling, disruptive boiling, splashing and the formation of coke were clearly identified by three characteristic combustion times. The emulsion droplets showed swellings of considerable magnitude relative to that of HFO. Coking of the solid phase took place by a dramatic eruption during the last moments of the droplet lifetime when the molecular structure of the cenosphere appeared to be molded. Coke particles formed from emulsions were more void with thinner and fragile shells suggesting that an amorphous-like molecular structure could have developed as opposed to the more compact shell structure observed for HFO residues, which were harder and more reticent to burning. Excess burnout time or the ratio of burnout time of the emulsions was dependent on the water concentration, indicating that less oxidation time was required for coke particles from emulsions than from heavy fuel oil.

Effects of aging and solvent exchange on pore structure of silica gels with interconnected macropores

For silica gels with interconnected macropore morphology, the pore structure in the micrometer and nanometer size ranges has been investigated. The pore size distribution of dried gel in nanometer-range was influenced by the conditions of aging and solvent exchange treatments in the wet state, whereas only the drying behavior of macropore structure was affected by those conditions. These variations are explained by the occurrence of swelling and microscopic phase separation, the degree of which is determined by the solvent quality, of the gel networks. Small-angle X-ray scattering results confirmed the structural change in the wet state. The difference in thermal evolution behavior of nanopore structure with solvent exchange was also examined in relation to the difference in size of the structural unit.

Acquired Localized Cutis Laxa Due to Cutaneous Lymphoplasmacytoid Lymphoma

Localized forms of loose and redundant skin have been described in association with multiple myeloma. 1 This affliction is commonly referred to as localized acquired cutis laxa . Other cases not associated with myeloma have been reported. 2,3 We report a case of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma responsible for the development of localized elastolysis in the armpit and unilateral blepharochalasis. Report of a Case. A 44-year-old man was admitted with a 5-year history of recurrent erythematous edema of his right upper eyelid. The occurrence of swelling was sudden and was responsible for progressive development of blepharochalasis. A pendulous redundant and wrinkled skin (10 cm in diameter) with normal coloration was present in the left axilla ( Figure ). Multiple small and tender nodules were felt on palpation deep under this area. The development of the pendulous lesion of the armpit was preceded by an inflammatory stage. The patient's general status was good and, apart

Small-angle X-ray scattering study of nanopore evolution of macroporous silica gel by solvent exchange

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) together with nitrogen adsorption, have been employed to analyse the pore-structure evolution behaviour, on the nanometre scale, by varying solvent-exchange treatment for silica gels having bicontinuous interconnected macropores. For the gels prepared in the system containing poly(acrylic acid), the difference in SAXS profile between gels immersed in ethanol and 1 mol dm–3 nitric acid was small in the wet state, but was considerably enlarged on drying. The dried gel immersed in ethanol exhibited a mass fractal feature, while that immersed in 1 mol dm–3 nitric acid was non-fractal up to several nanometres. The evolution behaviour during heat-treatment also differed, leading to a smaller size and lower volumes of the pores in the former gel. These variations in pore structures are explained by the occurrence of swelling in ethanol, and microscopic phase separation in 1 mol dm–3 nitric acid solution. However, for gels prepared in the system containing poly(ethylene oxide), the difference in profiles of similarly treated dried gels was not so evident, possibly because the progress of microscopic phase separation was restricted by the adsorbed organic polymer on silanols of the gel matrix. On the other hand, a significant increase in the average pore size, as well as the pore volume, was observed by solvent exchange in basic conditions, irrespective of the kind of polymer or catalyst used for gel preparation. This effect is interpreted as a coarsening process through a dissolution and reprecipitation mechanism. The time evolution of the Porod slope, as well as its dependence on the solution pH in the wet state, were monitored by in situ SAXS measurements. The steep increase of the Porod slope accompanied by the extension of the power-law region in the wet state indicated reorganization within the silica gel structures.

Sexual Behaviour of Sumatran Long‐tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

AbstractThe sexual behaviour of wild long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) was studied in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. All females showed some swelling of the sexual skin, but the frequency and maximum size of the swelling decreased with age. The frequency of copulations and consortships for a given female increased with increasing degree of swelling or coloration. No regular cycles could be found in the occurrence of swellings, copulations and consortships. Periods for which a female had consortships tended to be long (up to 5–6 weeks on end). These two results suggest that in the wild the predictability of the moment of ovulation is very low. The consortships were not exclusive: both the male and the female occasionally copulated with others. All females had many different male partners and, as ovulation signalling was not clear, none of these males could have any certainty about paternity of a female's offspring. Yet, the highest‐ranking males probably had the best chances to father children because they were more often involved in sexual interaction (both copulations and consortships), especially around the estimated date of conception. This does not hold for the nulliparous females who were virtually ignored by the higher‐ranking males. Consortships were occasionally actively maintained by the female, for whom a direct advantage of consorting might be an increased safety against conspecifics and predators. One advantage of mating with many different males might be a reduced risk of infanticide.

Factors controlling the entrance cross‐sectional areas of four inlets (note)

Abstract The frequent occurrence of swell in the entrance to Wellington, Lyttelton, and Akaroa Harbours, coupled with the small littoral drift of sediment on adjacent rocky coastlines, appears to promote development of larger entrances than those associated with tidal control in unconsolidated sediment. In contrast to these three harbours, tidally controlled entrances have either bars or banks that protect them from severe swell and act as bypasses to the littoral drift of sediment. The entrance to Paterson Inlet lies on a coast with little sediment transport and further protection from sediment influx is provided by islands located at its entrance.