Occurrence Of Gastrointestinal Parasites Research Articles

Ocorrência de infecção endoparasitária em cães urbanos de diferentes sistemas de manejo na região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This study evaluated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites and the frequency of parasitic infection in dogs of three different canine housing system in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 125 fecal samples from dogs from shelter kennels, military kennels and commercial kennels was evaluated. Presence of endoparasites was observed in 50.4% of these samples, with mono infection occurring in 48% and multi-infection in 2.4%. Ancylostoma spp. was the most prevalent parasite. Dogs from shelter kennels had a higher rate of infection, followed by dogs at commercial and military kennels. The frequency of antiparasitic treatment was different at the three housing sites. The presence of parasitic species of zoonotic potential in dogs of the studied region suggests that even in urban areas there is a risk of infection of humans with canine intestinal parasites.

Gastrointestinal parasites of different avian species in Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria.

Objective:The current study aimed to determine the prevalence, infection burden, and risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in different avian species in Ilorin, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted in Ilorin, involving 597 fecal samples and GI tracts from a variety of sold and slaughtered avian species. The study was conducted between September 2017 and February 2018. Fecal samples were examined using floatation technique, while the GI tracts were examined for gross helminths and its content were subjected to the direct wet mount examination. Data were analyzed using percentages (descriptive) and the Chi-square (१) test (inferential). p < 0.05 was considered significant for all analysis.Results:Ten GI parasites were detected with Eimeria species (32.83%), Ascaridia galli (30.15%) and Heterakis gallinarum (24.79%) as the most prevalent ones. Multiple parasites co-infection was recorded in all the avian species: broilers (77.78%), layers (33.33%), cockerels (45.16%), indigenous chickens (17.91%), ducks (69.70%), pigeons (94.12%), turkeys (47.83%), and guinea fowls (77.36%). Pigeons (100.00%) and turkeys (95.65%) were the most infected avian species. Age, sex, and avian types were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the occurrence of GI parasites infection.Conclusion:This study gives a reflection of the GI parasites fauna of avian species in Nigeria. The GI parasites are endemic among different avian species in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. Knowledge on the epidemiology of these parasites is important in instituting a good preventive and control measures against GI parasites, so as to have maximum production and reproduction effects in the poultry industry.

Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Free Ranging Village Chickens from Four Townships of Myanmar

Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Free Ranging Village Chickens from Four Townships of Myanmar

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in Spheniscus magellanicus (Foster, 1781) located in Pontal do Sul, PR, Brazil

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal parasitism is the main health problem faced by Spheniscus magellanicus, known as Magellanic penguins, in route on the Brazilian coast. The aim of this research was to report the occurrence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in S. magellanicus that reached Pontal do Sul, Paraná, South of Brazil. The study was performed at the Marine Study Center of the Federal University of Parana (CEM-UFPR) with 38 specimens, 31 were necropsied and seven were examined alive with coproparasitological exams. From the necropsied animals, 93.5% (29/31) were parasitized with at least one parasite species. Contracaecum pelagicum was the most prevalent 93,5% (29/31) parasite, followed by Cardiocephaloides physalis (64.5%) and Tetrabothrius lutzi (51.6%). Only one animal was free of parasites and the most infected bird had 1.076 parasites with an average of 194 worms. Willis-Mollay method revealed that 57.1% (4/7) had C. pelagicum eggs. In conclusion, the high rate of gastrointestinal parasites in S. magellanicus confirms the clinical exams, when animals had poor health conditions when they were found in the cost of Paraná. This study provides data to enrich the literature regarding the helminth fauna of the Magellanic penguins, assisting sanitary control programs in Rehabilitation Centers for Marine Animals.

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild animals in State of Paraná, Brazil.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from wild birds and mammals from the State of Paraná. In total, 220 stool samples were sent to Parasitic Diseases Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraná during 13 months (Jan/2013-Jan/2014). A total of 52.7% (116/220) of the animals were positive for cysts, oocysts, eggs and/or trophozoites. In birds, the positivity rate was 37.9% (25/66) and mammals was 59.1% (91/154). Strongyloidea superfamily eggs were observed in 37.3% (82/220) of the samples, Eimeria spp. in 10% (22/220), and Trichuris spp. in 4.5% (10/220). The most frequent mammal species were llamas (Lama glama), and dromedaries (Camelus bactrianus) with infection rate of 70.1% (54/77) and 60.8% (14/23), respectively. In other hand, cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) and ring necks (Psittacula krameri), were the most researched birds, with infection rate of 20% (40/50) and 100% (6/6), respectively. A high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was observed in most of wildlife animals. Further investigations should be conducted focusing on parasite control strategies and the conservation measurements for harmonizing the human-animal interaction on the long-term, reducing associated health risks.

Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites after Exposure to Natural Infection in Outdoor Reared Turopolje Pigs

A total number of 24 local Turopolje pigs (TP) reared in outdoor area with predominantly forest vegetation were monitored for 20 weeks (from July to December 2015) with the aim to determine the prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites after exposure to natural infection. At the beginning of the trial, pigs were dewormed with 300 μg of doramectin per kg of body weight (Dectomax®, Pfizer ; 1 ml/33 kg). Faecal egg counts (FECs) were determined after 14 and 20 weeks in individually obtained samples separately for large roundworm (Ascaris suum) and other gastrointestinal parasites (Oesophagostomum spp., Strongyloides spp. and Hyostrongylus spp.). The results of coprological examination showed that main gastrointestinal parasites in outdoor reared TP are helminth species with strongyle-type eggs and coccidian Eimeria spp. In typical hot and dry season, more than 14 weeks’ period after antiparasitic treatment is required for infection and development of sexually mature parasite stages and eggs excretion in the faeces. These results may be important in designing of integrated gastrointestinal management practices for TP in traditional outdoor production systems, and generally useful for more sustainable management of this endangered breed in future.

Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in horses and risk factors for infection

This study aimed to monitor the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in horses evaluating different rural properties in Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Fresh samples of feces were collected and processed by the McMaster technique, quantifying the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), followed by coproculture for identification of helminths. The population investigated was composed of 111 horses of varying ages (1–27 years, 63 males and 48 females). Among all the animals evaluated, 76 animals showed EPG ≥50, representing 63.96 % (IC95 % 54.24–72.70) of samples positive for gastrointestinal helminths. The EPG values ranged from 0 to 5600, with EPG average set as 490. There was a great variation among EPG in different farms. The anthelmintic treatments were carried out in all properties, most of them ranging from 30 to 90 or more 90 days. However, when we correlated the interval of treatment with EPG values, we did not observe significant difference for these variables (P > 0.05). Similarly, there was also no relation between EPG with age and sex of horses (P > 0.05), showing that the EPG values are not dependent of these two independent variables. In coproculture, 40 % of the evaluated properties had only the presence of Strongylus spp., while 60 % had mixed infection of Strongylus sp. and Trichostrongylus sp. With our results, we conclude that approximately 64 % of the horses of this study were positive for gastrointestinal parasites.

Gastrointestinal parasites of vervet monkeys around Lake Hawassa recreational sites, southern Ethiopia

Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) are non-human primates belonging to the family Cercopithecidae, which are native to Africa. The objective of the present study was to assess the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-ranging vervet monkeys. A total of 140 free-ranging vervet monkeys found in the recreational areas of Hawassa city, Ethiopia, were examined for gastrointestinal parasitic infection from November 2013 to April 2014. For the identification of eggs and larvae of nematodes and cysts, oocysts and trophozoites of protozoa, faecal samples were subjected to direct smear and floatation techniques. Overall, out of 140 faecal samples examined, 75 % were found to harbour one or more gastrointestinal nematode parasites. The most frequently detected nematode parasite was hookworms (45.7 %). Parasite eggs suggestive of cestode parasites were found in 7.9 % of the samples. Coccidia were the most commonly detected protozoa parasites (27.1 %). Mixed infections with two or more parasites were detected in 74.3 % of the examined faecal samples. The present study can give baseline information on the occurrence of parasitic infection in wild vervet monkeys in the area. Future studies in the area should focus not only on the animals but also on the determination of the possible transmission of the parasites to humans which do have close interaction with the vervet monkeys.

Ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais e fatores de risco de parasitismo em gatos domésticos urbanos de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil

Neste trabalho, verificou-se a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais em gatos urbanos domiciliados no município de Santa Maria, RS, no período de março a junho de 2011. Além disso, foram avaliados os fatores de riscos relacionados com a infecção dos parasitos gastrointestinais. Coletou-se 191 amostras de fezes de felinos para a realização de exames coproparasitológico e aplicado um questionário epidemiológico aos proprietários, contendo questões relativas aos hábitos e manejo dos seus animais. Das amostras fecais analisadas, 47,1% (90/191) foram positivas para um ou mais parasitas gastrointestinais, sendo 33,5% (64/191) identificadas como mono-infecção e 13,6% (26/191) como multi-infecção. Toxocara spp. (18,8%) e Giardia spp. (4,2%) foram os principais parasitos encontrados na mono-infecção. Na multi-infecção, as principais associações de parasitos detectadas incluíram: Ancylostoma spp. + Toxocara spp. (3,1%) e Cystoisospora spp. + Cryptosporidium spp. + Giardia spp. + Toxoplasma spp. + Toxocara spp. (1,5%). Os dados epidemiológicos foram submetidos ao teste qui-quadrado, Fischer, análise da relação de chances (OR), também analisada a relação entre os diferentes fatores epidemiológicos e a presença de parasitos gastrointestinais (P&gt;0,05). Os principais fatores de risco identificados foram: a escolaridade dos proprietários e a frequência de realização de tratamentos antiparasitários, os quais exerceram influência direta na ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais. Os dados obtidos contribuem para o conhecimento da epidemiologia das parasitoses gastrointestinais, bem como poderão auxiliar médicos veterinários e proprietários na elaboração de estratégias de controle e profilaxia antiparasitária para gatos domésticos.

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goat kids

Fecal samples from male and female goat kids, of different breeds and up to one year of age, were analyzed to determine egg and oocyst counts per gram of feces (EPG and OPG, respectively), and fecal culturing was performed to identify nematode genera. Helminth eggs and Eimeria spp. oocysts were found in 93.06% (188/202) and 77.22% (156/202) of the fecal samples, respectively. From fecal cultures, the following genera were identified: Cooperia in 11.88% (24/202), Haemonchus in 51.98% (105/202), Oesophagostomum in 9.4% (19/202), Strongyloides in 5.94 (12/202) and Trichostrongylus in 20.79% (42/202) of the samples. The Eimeria species found were E. alijevi in 25.24% (51/202), E. arloingi in 7.42% (15/202), E. caprina in 2.97% (6/202), E. caprovina in 10.39% (21/202), E. christenseni in 4.45% (9/202), E. joklchijevi in 11.38% (23/202), E. hirci in 9.4% (19/202) and E. ninakohlyakimovae in 28.71% (58/202) samples. Among the gastrointestinal parasites, the genus Haemonchus and two Eimeria species (E. ninakohlyakimovae and E. alijevi) were predominants.

Parasitic infections in wild herbivores in the Mahendra Choudhury Zoological Park, Chhatbir, Punjab

The present investigation was undertaken to study the parasitic infections in herbivores kept at Mahendra Choudhury Zoological Park, Chhatbir in Punjab, India. The occurrence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasitic load in 169 animals of 16 different herbivore species belonging to the families Cervidae, Bovidae, Hippopotamidae, Elephantidae, Rhinocerotidae and Equidae was determined by standard qualitative and quantitative parasitological techniques. The overall occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites based on 389 samples examined for helmithic eggs/oocysts of protozoa was found to be 25.71 per cent. The various parasitic eggs/oocyst detected were of strongyles, amphistomes, Trichuris spp. and Eimeria spp. The most commonly detected parasitic infection (89%) was of strongyles followed by Trichuris spp., Eimeria spp. and amphisotomes. Mixed infection was noticed in majority of the herbivores. The intensity of eggs of different parasites in various species of animals ranged from 50-4200 eggs per gram (epg). It was found that treatment of animals with appropriate drugs based on the species of parasites present in these animals was reported to be 100 per cent effective in majority of cases based on reduction in faecal egg count which reached zero by day three post treatment while in some groups it was reached by day five post treatment. No re-occurrence of parasitic infection was reported till day 55 post treatment.

A survey of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle of southeastern Nigeria

This paper presents the results of a survey of 1021 cattle in the southeastern area of Nigeria during August–October 1990 (wet season) and January–March 1991 (dry season) to study the effects of season, ecological zone, management system, breed and age on the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP). Strongyles (mainly Haemonchus spp.) were the commonest GIP (prevalence 47.8%; 95% CI; 44.8–51%; mean eggs per gram (epg) 387 ± SE 21.3) followed by coccidia (3.6%; 95% CI, 2.6–5%; mean oocysts per gram (opg) 2077 ± 778.4). The prevalence of other parasites encountered was comparatively very low. More infections were present in the wet than in the dry season ( P<0.01). Whereas a higher prevalence ( P<0.01) of strongyle infection was recorded in nomadic herds, that of coccidia was higher in sedentary herds. The prevalence of strongyle infection was lower in young animals ( P<0.05), but they had higher epg ( P<0.01) and also higher coccidia prevalences ( P<0.01) than adults. Friesian and N'dama breeds under improved management in modern farms had lower strongyle and higher coccidia infections compared with zebu and muturu kept under the traditional management system The distribution of infection by ecological zone did not show any consistent trend, and this was attributed to the uneven distribution of the cattle breeds amongst the different zones.