Occupation Ratios Research Articles

Temperature effects on annealing crucial deep-level defects in neutron-irradiated silicon: Multiscale modeling

Studying temperature effects on defect behaviors during thermal annealing is significant for understanding the performance degradation and recovery of semiconductor devices under irradiation. We systematically studied temperature effects on annealing crucial deep-level defects in neutron-irradiated silicon, by developing a multiscale modeling approach. The temperature-dependent concentrations and electron occupation ratios of crucial defects of divacancies (V2) and tri-vacancies (V3) were given for dynamic and post-irradiation annealing. Besides the common direct dissociation, we found a new approach to eliminating V2 and V3 by their recombination with interstitials dissociated from interstitial-relative defects at relatively low temperatures. To effectively eliminate V2 and V3 by post-irradiation annealing, we further determined the activation energies of 1.98[Formula: see text]eV and 1.71[Formula: see text]eV for V2 and V3, respectively. We also found that, within the operation temperature range of devices, the higher the temperature, the better the radiation resistance. It is thus recommended that the optimal temperature of post-irradiation annealing for device performance recovery is near 600[Formula: see text]K.

Noninvasive inset-integrated meta-atom for achieving single-layer metasurface simultaneously with coded microwave reflectivity and digitalized infrared emissivity

Abstract With the rapid improvement of equipment integration technology, multi-spectrum detectors are integrated into compact volumes and widely used for object detection. Confront with this challenge, it is essential to propose a strategy to design a single-layer metasurface with multi-spectrum responses in microwave and infrared ranges. In this work, we proposed a method of designing meta-atoms, which is capable of achieving functional electromagnetic response at microwave and infrared individually. As a demonstration, a metasurface with four different occupation ratios and coding permutation features is designed, fabricated, and tested. In the microwave band, the pixel meta-atom is designed to realize highly efficient cross-polarization conversion between 5.0 and 10.0 GHz, which shows the metasurface can behave as ultra-low Radar Cross Section (RCS) reflectors in the working band; In the infrared band, different occupation ratio of meta-atoms are designed to realize the infrared emissivity from 0.60 to 0.80 in 3–14 μm, which can be used to exhibit digital infrared camouflage pattern. This work promotes the ability to use single-layer design to achieve digital infrared camouflage and microwave RCS reduction simultaneously. The one-layer design is simple in geometry, simplified in process, low cost in economy, and large scale in fabrication, which can promote practical use in compatible microwave stealth and infrared camouflage.

Three-dimensional Spinal Canal Morphometric Analysis and Relevant Spinal Cord Occupational Ratios in Congenital Cervical Spinal Stenosis: A Classification Algorithm of the Stenosis Phenotypes and Data-driven Decompression Approach

No standardized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters have defined the 3-dimensional morphoanatomy and relevant spinal cord occupation ratios (occupation of spinal cord dimensions/similar dimensions within the spinal canal) in congenital cervical stenosis (CCS). A retrospective, comparative analysis was conducted on 200 patients >18 years of age with myelopathy and CCS (mean age, 52.4 years) and 200 age-matched controls with no myelopathy or radiculopathy. The variables assessed from high resolution MRI included sagittal and axial spinal canal dimensions (MRI Torg-Pavlov ratios) from C3 to C7. Morphometric dimensions from the sagittal retrodiscal and retrovertebral regions as well as axial MRI dimensions were compared. Sagittal and axial spinal cord occupation ratios were defined and correlated with spinal canal dimensions. Multivariate analyses indicated reduced sagittal and axial anteroposterior (AP) spinal canal dimensions and a large reduction in transverse spinal canal dimensions at all spinal levels. There was a small significant correlation between AP sagittal spinal canal dimensions and axial transverse spinal canal dimensions at C3-C5, but not at C5-C6. Small correlations were noted between AP sagittal spinal canal dimensions and AP axial spinal cord and axial cross-sectional area occupation ratios at C3-C6, but there was no correlation with axial mediolateral spinal cord occupation ratios. The stenosis effect can involve any dimension, including the transverse spinal canal dimension, independent of other dimensions. Owing to the varied observed morphoanatomies, a classification algorithm that defines CCS specific phenotypes was formulated. Objectivizing the stenosis morphoanatomy may allow for data-driven patient-focused decompression approaches in the future.

Dynamic analysis of a box-structured satellite deployment mechanism with self-actuated torsion joints

Abstract. This paper designed a kind of satellite deployment mechanism with a boxed structure and passive torsion joints. This deployment mechanism has significant strengths, including a high base frequency and stiffness, a high ratio of deployed and folded space occupation ratios, and self-actuated joints without needing any external power to drive. In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of this mechanism, a simplified governing equation is proposed and dynamic behavior is studied systematically, including impact response, harmonic response, and modal analysis. Through systematic research, several conclusions are drawn. Firstly, when the deployment mechanism reached the ending stage of unfolding driven by passive torsional joints, the load base installed on top of the deployment mechanism generated a first-order sharp reaction force and multiple low-order shocks followed, and the system entered a stable state after a certain time of vibration. Secondly, the system can generate a high vibration magnitude at low-frequency excitation when the mechanism is in a fully deployed state and at high-frequency excitation when the mechanism is in a folded state. Thirdly, the first sixth-order natural frequency and vibration shape with different wall thicknesses are obtained by modal analysis. The result shows that only with a 2.5 mm wall thickness can the connecting rod satisfy the design requirement. Through dynamic behavior research, the structure characteristics are obtained which can be used for structure optimization and to provide an effective solution for the design of a box-structured satellite-unfolding mechanism with self-actuated torsion joints.

Influence of sintering temperature on structural and optical properties of Cd0.5Cu0.5CrxFe2−xO4 ferrites

Two ferrite series were synthesized. One series has nanosize samples that have been prepared by the co-precipitation method, and the second series has the corresponding bulk samples that have been sintered at 1000 °C for 6 h. X-ray diffraction has been used to estimate the cubic spinel structure of both series. The crystallite size, theoretical density, and porosity of the nanomaterials are larger than those of the bulk materials. HRTEM analysis demonstrated the aggregation of nanoscale samples, including an average particle size of 9–22.5 nm. However, bulk specimens have a limited surface area. The agglomeration of the nanoparticles was seen in TEM images, in which the mean particle size was within the limit of the crystallite size (R) result and ranged from 14 to 20 nm. The appearance of the spinel phase in the samples was validated through Raman spectroscopy. Different cation occupation ratios in either tetrahedral or octahedral sites have been identified to be associated with an observable systematic shift and asymmetric flattening in Raman spectra with a variation in Cr3+ concentration. The optical characterization was performed using the UV/Vis methodology, and the results reveal that the absorption cutoff frequency declines as the chromium content rises. It was also estimated that the optical bandgap averaged 3.6 eV for nanosamples and 4.6 eV for overall bulk materials. The highest photoluminescence emission was seen at wavelengths between λem = 415 and 460 nm. The photoluminescence emission peaks of both bulk and nanoscale materials were red-shifted. These results accurately reflect the corresponding energy gap values for almost the same ranges. Sintering leads to a rise in photoluminescence.

Quantitative hydrogen trap states on high-angle grain boundaries and at dislocations in iron

Low-temperature thermal desorption spectrometry (L-TDS), by which specimens can be heated from -200 °C, was used to quantitatively evaluate the hydrogen desorption peak temperatures (Tp), the hydrogen desorption activation energies (Ea), and the hydrogen occupation ratios (θ) of high-angle grain boundaries and dislocations in iron. Cold-rolled iron was subjected to recrystallization and grain growth to produce three kinds of specimens with different areas of high-angle grain boundaries, in which low-angle grain boundaries were annihilated. L-TDS spectra of specimens containing dislocations and high-angle grain boundaries displayed two hydrogen desorption peaks, denoted as Peak 1 and Peak 2. Peak 1 corresponded to dislocations and displayed Tp, Ea, and θ values of 23 °C, 28.6 kJ·mol−1, and 1.1 to 2.7 atom·nm−1, respectively. In contrast, Peak 2 corresponded to high-angle grain boundaries and displayed Tp, Ea, and θ values of 85 °C, 43.7 kJ·mol−1, and 2.3 to 2.9 atom·nm−2, respectively.

Agreement between intraoperative and magnetic resonance imaging assessments of rotator cuff pathology and 2 magnetic resonance imaging-based assessments of supraspinatus muscle atrophy.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based rotator cuff assessment is often qualitative and subjective; few studies have tried to validate such preoperative assessments. This study investigates relationships of preoperative MRI assessments made by conventional approaches to intraoperative findings of tear type, location, and size or MRI-assessed muscle occupation ratio. Intraoperatively, surgeons assessed tear type, location, anterior-posterior (AP) width, and medial-lateral length in 102 rotator cuff repair patients. Two musculoskeletal radiologists independently assessed the preoperative MRI scans for these same parameters and supraspinatus muscle atrophy by both Warner classification and quantitative occupation ratio. Exact agreement proportions, kappa statistics, and correlation coefficients were used to quantify agreement relationships. Agreement between MRI readers' and surgeons' observations of tear status averaged 93% with κ=0.38, and that of tear location averaged 77% with κ=0.50. Concordance correlations of MRI and intraoperative measures of anterior-posterior and medial-lateral tear length averaged 0.59 and 0.56 across readers, respectively. Despite excellent interrater agreement on Warner classification (exact agreement proportion 0.91) and occupation ratio (concordance correlation 0.93) separately, correlations between these 2 measures were-0.54 and-0.64 for the 2 readers, respectively. Patients with Warner grade 0 had occupation ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5. Correlations of preoperative MRI tear dimensions and muscle atrophy assessed by conventional approaches with intraoperatively measured tear dimensions and quantitative occupation ratio, respectively, were only fair. Since tear size and muscle atrophy are known strong predictors of outcomes following rotator cuff repair that may influence treatment decisions, surgeons need to be aware of the limitations of MRI methods. Continued development and validation of quantitative preoperative imaging methods to accurately assess these parameters are needed to improve surgical planning and prognosis.

Three-Dimensional Software- and MR-Imaging-Based Muscle Volumetry Reveals Overestimation of Supraspinatus Muscle Atrophy Using Occupation Ratios in Full-Thickness Tendon Tears.

Supraspinatus muscle atrophy is widely determined from oblique-sagittal MRI by calculating the occupation ratio. This ex vivo and clinical study aimed to validate the accuracy of 3D software- and MR-imaging-based muscle volumetry, as well as to assess the influence of the tear pattern on the occupation ratio. Ten porcine muscle specimens were volumetrized using the physical water displacement volumetry as a standard of reference. A total of 149 individuals with intact supraspinatus tendons, partial tears, and full-thickness tears had 3T MRI. Two radiologists independently determined occupation ratio values. An excellent correlation with a Pearson’s r of 0.95 for the variables physical volumetry using the water displacement method and MR-imaging-based muscle volumetry using the software was found and formed the standard of reference for the patient study. The inter-reader reliability was 0.92 for occupation ratios. The correlation between occupation ratios and software-based muscle volumes was good in patients with intact tendons (0.84) and partial tears (0.93) but considerably lower in patients with full-thickness tears (0.68). Three-dimensional-software- and MR-imaging-based muscle volumetry is reliable and accurate. Compared to 3D muscle volumetry, the occupation ratio method overestimates supraspinatus muscle atrophy in full-thickness tears, which is most likely due to the medial retraction of the myotendinous unit.

Compatible stealth design of infrared and radar based on plasmonic absorption structure

In this paper, a metamaterial structure with radar and infrared (IR) compatible stealth characteristics is designed based on the principle of plasmonic absorbing structure (PAS). Due to the lack of reports on PAS-based IR radar compatible stealth, this article combines PAS and IR frequency selective surfaces to achieve the desired purpose. Through mathematical modeling and dispersion engineering of the unit cell proposed, a PAS with ultra-wideband wave absorption is realized. The low emissivity of the IR atmospheric window band is realized by means of the simulation and analysis of the IR frequency selective surface with different indium tin oxide (ITO) occupation ratios. The absorptivity of designed structure is higher than 90% from 4GHz to 28.6GHz, and the emissivity of the IR atmospheric window is only 0.3. The experience of the fabricated sample is consistent with the theoretical analysis and the simulation. Our method enriches the implementation strategies of radar-IR compatibility and has reference significance for multi-spectrum compatible stealth.

Manipulating Electrocatalysis using Mosaic Catalysts

Understanding the mechanisms and developing strategies toward efficient electrocatalysis at gas–liquid–solid interfaces are important yet challenging. In the past decades, researchers have devoted many efforts to improve catalyst activity by modulating electronic properties of catalysts in terms of chemical components and physical features. Herein, a mosaic catalyst, which is defined as a catalyst with spatially isolated and periodically distributed active areas, is developed to dramatically improve the activity of catalysts. Taking Pt catalyst as an example, the mosaic Pt leads to high catalytic performance, showing a specific activity 11 times higher than that of uniform Pt films for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as higher current densities than commercial Pt/C and uniform Pt films. Such a strategy is found to be general to other catalysts (e.g., 2D PtS) and other reactions (e.g., oxygen evolution reaction). The improved catalytic performance of the mosaic catalysts is attributed to enhanced mass transferability and local electric field strength, both of which are determined by the occupation ratios of catalysts. The work shines new light on manipulating electrocatalysis from the perspective of the spatial structures of catalysts, which guides the design of efficient catalysts for heterogeneous reactions.

The Utility of Modified Dixon Turbo Spin Echo Shoulder Magnetic Resonance Arthrography in Assessing Rotator Cuff Disorder and Evaluating the Rotator Cuff Muscles

To compare the diagnostic ability of modified Dixon (mDixon) turbo spin echo (TSE) T1-weighted (T1W) shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) with that of conventional shoulder MRA, and evaluate the feasibility of mDixon TSE in-phase (IP) images in measuring the fat fraction and size of rotator cuff muscles. This retrospective study included 57 patients who underwent 3T shoulder MRA examinations with conventional and mDixon TSE T1W images (mean age: 56.7 years; range: 20-78 years). Two musculoskeletal radiologists independently evaluated the rotator cuff tendons with fat saturated T1W images and mDixon TSE T1W water images. Occupation ratios measured on T1W and mDixon TSE T1W IP images were compared. The fat fraction of the supraspinatus from the mDixon TSE T1W images was calculated and correlated with fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus on T1W images. For tendon pathology, the kappa value for inter-sequence and inter-reader agreement was 0.957 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.923-0.990) and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.778-0.899), respectively. For retear, the kappa value for inter-sequence and inter-reader agreement was 0.913 (95% CI: 0.796-1.000) and 0.779 (95% CI: 0.594-0.963), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient for both occupation ratios was 0.986 (95% CI: 0.973-0.993). Comparison of mDixon TSE T1W fat fraction with Goutallier grade showed a strong positive linear correlation (r = 0.929). The mDixon TSE T1W sequence is a good alternative to conventional sequences in shoulder MRA for evaluating rotator cuff pathology. Furthermore, this sequence provides information on the size and fat infiltration of rotator cuff muscles.

Differences and characteristics of symptoms by tumor location, size, and degree of spinal cord compression: a retrospective study on 53 surgically treated, symptomatic spinal meningiomas.

The differences in symptoms of spinal meningiomas have rarely been discussed from the perspective of tumor characteristics. The main purpose of this paper was to define the differences, if any, in symptoms in patients with spinal meningiomas with respect to tumor size, location, and degree of spinal cord compression. The authors also sought the threshold of spinal cord compression that causes motor weakness. The authors conducted a retrospective study of 53 cases of spinal meningiomas that were surgically treated from 2013 to 2018. Symptoms related to the tumor were classified as motor weakness, sensory disturbance, pain, and bowel/bladder dysfunction. Based on MR images, tumor location was classified by spinal level and by its attachment to the dura mater. Tumor dimensions were also measured. Occupation ratios of the tumors to the spinal canal and degree of spinal cord flattening were sought from the axial MR images that showed the highest degree of spinal cord compression. Motor weakness and sensory disturbance were significantly more common in thoracic spine meningiomas than in cervical spine meningiomas (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively), while pain was more common in meningiomas at the craniovertebral junction (p < 0.001). The attachment, height, width, depth, and volume of the tumor showed no significant difference irrespective of the presence or absence of each symptom. In cases of motor weakness and sensory disturbance, occupation ratios and spinal cord flattening ratios were significantly larger. However, these ratios were significantly smaller in the presence of pain. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that occupation ratio independently contributed to motor weakness (OR 1.14, p = 0.035) and pain (OR 0.925, p = 0.034). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that occupation ratio with a value of 63.678% is the threshold for the tumor to cause motor weakness. The study showed the difference in clinical presentation of spinal meningiomas by spinal level, occupation ratio, and spinal cord flattening ratio. An occupation ratio of approximately 64% could be utilized as the threshold value of tumor growth to cause motor weakness. Tumor growth in the cervical spine might cause pain symptoms before causing motor weakness. The relationship between the tumor and its symptomatology should be discussed with respect to tumor size relative to the surrounding spinal canal.

Relation of Superficial and Deep Layers of Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tear to Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Insertions.

It remains unclear whether the deep layer of the rotator cuff is an articular layer of the supraspinatus (SS) or infraspinatus (IS), rotator cable, or superior capsule. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the relationship between occupation ratios and delamination patterns of rotator cuff tears (RCTs). We hypothesised that the deep layers are related to the occupation ratios of the deep SS and IS sections. A total of 265 patients with RCTs were retrospectively enrolled between 2013 and 2017 and divided into four groups: A, non-delaminated tear; B, delaminated tear with the deep layer equally retracted to the superficial layer; C, delaminated tear with the deep layer more retracted; D, delaminated tear with the superficial layer more retracted. Muscle volume was evaluated by measurement of each occupation ratio of the SS and IS, and the IS muscle was additionally divided into two areas, deep and superficial. The SS occupation ratio was significantly lower in group C than in the other groups (p = 0.009). Conversely, comparison of the IS occupation ratios revealed no significant intergroup differences. The occupation ratio of the superficial IS was significantly lower in group D than in the other groups (p = 0.003). In group C, the occupation ratios of the deep IS section were significantly decreased according to RCT size (p = 0.034). Our findings demonstrate that the superficial layers are related to the IS superficial section and the deep layers to the SS and IS deep sections. IV.

Restoration of supraspinatus and infraspinatus deep plane occupation ratios was greater in delaminated tears than in non-delaminated tears after rotator cuff repair

Total 132 patients who underwent arthroscopic suture bridge repair were divided into two groups: group A, non-delaminated tears; group B, deep layer, more retracted, delaminated tears. In addition, group B were divided into two subgroups: group I (≤2-cm) and group II (>2-cm). Muscle volume was evaluated by measuring the occupation ratio and restoration of the rotator cuff muscle was defined as the difference between the preoperative and postoperative occupation ratios. The restoration of the SS and IS deep plane occupation ratios was greater in >2-cm-sized delaminated tears than in ≤2-cm-sized delaminated and non-delaminated tears.

Special Section on the Fiftieth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC 2018)

This issue of SICOMP contains 10 specially selected papers from the Fiftieth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, otherwise known as STOC 2018, held June 25 to 29 in Los Angeles, California...

Transformation of hydrogen bond network during CO2 clathrate hydrate dissociation

The kinetic process of the solid-liquid first-order phase transition of carbon dioxide CS-I hydrates with various cavity occupation ratios has been investigated in order to understand the framework of the H-bond network and the local structure of each water molecule. This includes the time dependent change in short-range order at temperatures close to the melting point and comparison with the hexagonal ice structure. Using the molecular dynamics method, dependencies of the internal energy of the studied systems on the time of heating were found. Jumps in the internal energy of solids in the range at 275–300K indicate a phase transition. The study of the oxygen‑oxygen radial distribution and hydrogen‑oxygen‑oxygen mutual orientation angles between molecules detached at no >3.2Å led to the determination of the H-bond coordination number for all molecules and the total number of H-bonds and showed instantaneous (<1ns) reorganization of the short-range order of all molecules. Structural analysis of neighbor water molecule pairs showed ~10–15% decrease in the H-bond number after melting whereas all molecules form a single long-range H-bond network. Analysis of the H-bond network showed minor changes in the H-bond interaction energy at the solid-liquid phase transition.

The radiographic morphology of the greater tuberosity is associated with muscle degeneration in patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears

Atrophy and fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles portend poor findings in terms of postoperative function and the probability of retears. We assumed that sclerosis and spurs of the greater tuberosity (GT) on radiographs are associated with this rotator cuff muscle degeneration. We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative radiographs and magnetic resonance (MR) images of 91 shoulders (average age of patients, 59.7years; age range, 36-79 years) arthroscopically repaired between 2012 and 2016. The radiographic morphology of the GT was defined as normal, sclerotic, or spurring. Atrophy and fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles were evaluated using the occupation ratio and Goutallier classification, respectively, via the MR images. Diagnoses of rotator cuff tears were made during arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Significant associations between the radiographic GT morphology and the severity of both supraspinatus muscle atrophy (P = .002) and infraspinatus muscle atrophy (P = .047) were found. The mean occupation ratios of both the sclerotic GT group and the spurring GT group were significantly reduced compared with the mean occupation ratio of the normal GT group. Patients with GT spurs were found to be prone to severe supraspinatus fatty degeneration (P = .020). For patients with rotator cuff tears, the presence of GT spurs or sclerosis on radiographs predicted the occurrence of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle atrophy, as well as supraspinatus fatty infiltration, based on MR images. The clinical relevance is that MR imaging is suggested for patients with radiographic GT sclerosis or spurs to detect advanced rotator cuff lesions.

The supraspinatus occupation ratios of both the ≥ 50% articular- and bursal-side partial-thickness rotator cuff tears were low and the infraspinatus occupation ratio of the ≥ 50% bursal-side partial-thickness rotator cuff tears was low.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the occupation ratio and partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. The study included and retrospectively investigated 683 patients with partial-thickness rotator cuff tears between 2013 and 2017. Fifty patients with impingement syndrome were also enrolled as the control group for normal-population comparison. The participants were divided into five groups: Group A, control group; Group B, < 50% articular-side tears; Group C, ≥ 50% articular-side tears; Group D, < 50% bursal-side tears; and Group E, ≥ 50% bursal-side tears. Muscle volume was evaluated by measurement of each occupation ratio of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons on the most lateral view of the T1-weighted oblique-sagittal images in which the scapular spine remained in contact with the scapular body. Fifty patients were enrolled in Group A. A total of 683 patients with Partial thickness rotator cuff tear were divided and classified into the following groups: 272 into Group B, 153 into Group C, 161 into Group D, and 97 into Group E. The supraspinatus occupation ratios of all partial-thickness rotator cuff tear groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. Furthermore, the supraspinatus occupation ratios of Groups C and E (≥ 50% partial-thickness rotator cuff tears) were significantly lower than those of Groups B and D (< 50% partial-thickness rotator cuff tears). However, the infraspinatus occupation ratio of only Group E was significantly lower than that of the other groups. The supraspinatus occupation ratios of both the ≥ 50% articular- and bursal-side partial-thickness rotator cuff tears were lower than those of the other partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Conversely, the infraspinatus occupation ratio of only the ≥ 50% bursal-side partial-thickness rotator cuff tears was low. IV.

Guest Occupation Effects on the Transition of Crystalline Syndiotactic Polystyrene: Selection Criteria for Fundamental Structures γ ‐I and γ ‐II

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations are performed on clathrate forms of crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene containing toluene, chloroform, and carbon dioxide, to investigate the effects of guests on thermally induced structural transitions. Two crystalline forms, γ ‐I and γ ‐II, are produced. γ ‐I is obtained from crystals with lower guest occupation ratios, while γ ‐II is obtained from crystals with higher ratios. The b‐length of the crystal unit cell of the γ ‐II form is twice of that of the γ ‐I form; the other lattice parameters are almost identical. Based on a hypothesis that the experimentally observed γ form is a mixture of the γ ‐I and γ ‐II forms, X‐ray diffraction patterns for film samples with uniplanar orientations are reasonably interpreted. The thermodynamically stable form is γ ‐I, although the γ ‐II form is preferentially produced in the presence of guest molecules.

Ranking of Evaluation Targets Based on Complex Sequential Data

This paper proposes a method that arranges evaluation targets based on their complex sequential data. The data is composed of numerical one and text one. This method focuses on both change ratios of the numerical sequential data and the occupation ratios of the text sequential data. It generates a ranking model of the evaluation targets. The model can extract important evaluation targets. This paper applies the method to the data composed of stock price information and news articles. The former one corresponds to the numerical sequential data and the latter one corresponds to the text sequential data. Lastly, this paper compares the method with a method based on random selection and shows the effect of the proposed method.