Objective:This study aims to systematically explore the clinical characteristics of rapid eye movement（REM） -related obstructive sleep apnea（OSA） and objective polysomnography（PSG） indicators, and conduct an in-depth investigation into the specific manifestations of REM-OSA at different disease severity levels, and clarify the differences in clinical characteristics and PSG parameters between REM-OSA and non-rapid eye movement OSA（NREM-OSA）. It provides a scientific basis for optimizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies of REM-OSA and improving patient prognosis. Methods:The clinical data of OSA patients who visited the Sleep Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University from March 1, 2021, to April 1, 2025, completed all-night PSG, and met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed. OSA was classified into mild, moderate, and severe degrees according to the apnea-hypopnea index（AHI）, and grouped based on the REM-OSA diagnostic criteria. Sleep data were obtained through PSG monitoring, and demographic information, clinical symptoms, and comorbidity data were collected. In-depth exploration was carried out through different groupings to analyze the specific manifestations of REM-OSA at different disease stages. Results:The prevalence of REM-OSA was relatively high in mild and moderate OSA（49.4% and 36.2% respectively）, and only 3.9% in severe OSA. Demographic characteristics: The proportion of males with NREM-OSA was higher than that of REM-OSA in all degrees of OSA（mild: P=0.01; moderate: P=0.02; severe: P=0.01）. In severe OSA, the BMI, neck circumference, and waist circumference of NREM-OSA patients were significantly higher than those of REM-OSA patients（all P<0.01）. Clinical symptoms: In severe OSA, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale（ESS） scores of NREM-OSA patients were higher（P=0.01）. There were no significant differences in the incidence of memory decline, anxiety, and common comorbidities between the two groups. PSG parameters: The proportion of stage N1 in REM-OSA patients was lower than that in NREM-OSA patients in all degrees of OSA, while the proportions of stage N2 and REM were higher（taking severe cases as an example, all P<0.01）. In severe OSA, the number of respiratory events and total apnea index of NREM-OSA were higher（all P<0.01）, but the longest hypopnea duration of REM-OSA was longer（P=0.02）. In all degrees of OSA, the lowest oxygen saturation of REM-OSA was lower, and the time ratio of blood oxygen<90% was higher（taking severe cases as an example, all P<0.01）, while the sleep respiratory event-related arousal index of NREM-OSA was higher（taking severe cases as an example, P<0.01）. Conclusion:REM-OSA has unique clinical and PSG characteristics in mild and moderate OSA. Clinically, attention should be paid to REM phase monitoring to avoid missed diagnosis. In the treatment of severe OSA, airway management during the entire sleep period needs to be emphasized. Precise diagnosis and treatment strategies for OSA in different sleep phases are of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients.

Association between obstructive sleep apnea and coronary inflammation: A coronary CT angiography study.

Investigation of the relationship between the viscoelastic properties and muscle strength of accessory respiratory muscles in obstructive sleep apnea.

Artificial intelligence in imaging for obstructive sleep apnea: A comprehensive review.

Longitudinal impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on pediatric adenoidectomy volume and referrals in Japan: A 6-year retrospective study.

Investigation of the effects of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy on craniofacial morphology and physical growth in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Diesel exhaust particles exaggerate chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lung neutrophil infiltration through CXCL5 and CCL5 in mice.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for delayed discharge inchildren with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea（OSA） undergoing day surgery. Methods:The electronic medical records of 374 children with OSA who underwent day surgery at Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a delayed discharge group（38 cases） and a normal discharge group（336 cases） based on their discharge time. The general information, surgical methods, blood routine, surgical duration, tonsil grading, sleep structure, and respiratory parameters of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for delayed discharge. A predictive model was established based on the independent risk factors. Results:The incidence of delayed discharge in children with OSA undergoing day surgery was 10.2%. The logistic regression model showed that surgical method（OR=3.121, 95%CI 1.258-7.738, P=0.014）, being an only child（OR=2.822, 95%CI 1.337-5.958, P=0.006）, and preoperative neutrophil count（OR=0.704, 95%CI 0.534-0.928, P=0.013） were independent risk factors for delayed discharge. The area under the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was measured at 0.812（95%CI 0.742-0.882）, with a sensitivity of 0.744 and a specificity of 0.789, The optimal cutoff value of the model was 0.894. At this cutoff value, the model had a sensitivity of 0.744 and a specificity of 0.789, confirming its predictive accuracy. Conclusion:Children undergoing adenoidectomy combined with tonsillectomy, those who are only children, or those with a higher preoperative neutrophil count are at an increased risk of delayed discharge.

Tracheotomy.

Objective:This study cvaluates the application value of tonsillar ultrasound measurement in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） by analyzing its correlation with key indicators of pediatric OSA. Methods:Fifty-nine children diagnosed at Chongqing Peoples Hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were included. Preoperative measurements included height, weight, BMI, tonsil grading, ultrasonic tonsil measurements, Obstructive Apnea Hypopnea Index（OAHI）, Lowest Pulse Oximetry（LSpO2）, and A/N ratio from lateral cephalometric radiographs. Postoperative tonsil volume was measured using the water displacement method. Ultrasonic measurements were compared with postoperative tonsil volume. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the ratio of ultrasonic tonsil volume to pharyngeal cavity transverse diameter and OAHI/LSpO2. Results:No significant difference was observed in ultrasonic measurements between tonsil grades 1 and 2, grades 3 and 4（P>0.05）, while significant differences were found between grades 1 and 3, grades 1 and 4, grades 2 and 3, grades 2 and 4（P<0.05）. Ultrasonic measurements showed no significant difference compared to postoperative tonsil volume（P>0.05）. A strong correlation was identified between ultrasonic measurements and OAHI/LSpO2. Conclusion:Ultrasonic measurement of tonsil volume provides an objective and accurate assessment of tonsil size and pharyngeal cavity occupancy, offering critical guidance for clinical management strategies in pediatric OSA.

Bruxism: Implications in Clinical Dentistry as Related to the Specialties in Dentistry.

MIMAR-OSA: Enhancing obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis through multimodal data integration and missing modality reconstruction

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of upper airway surgery on patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS）, observing changes in their cardiopulmonary function, and comparing the improvement of cardiopulmonary function between patients with different therapeutic effects. Methods:A total of 70 patients with moderate to severe OSAHS admitted to our hospital from July 2021 to February 2024 were selected. All patients underwent nasal cavity expansion surgery combined with palatopharyngeal and/or tongue surgery, and were followed up for 6 months. According to the therapeutic effect, patients were divided into an effective group（AHI reduction ≥ 50% and postoperative AHI<20, n=52） and an ineffective group（n=18）. The Epworth Sleep Scale（ESS） scores before and after surgery were compared to evaluate the surgical effect, and changes in tcardiopulmonary function were detected. Static and dynamic indicators of cardiopulmonary function, sleep apnea hypopnea index（AHI）, blood oxygen saturation（SaO2） were compared before and after surgery. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between changes in body mass index（BMI） and improvement in cardiovascular and pulmonary function indicators. Results:After surgery, RV/TLC） and dynamic cardiopulmonary function indicators（Peak VO2%, Peak O2 Pulse%, AT, Emax/MVV, etc.） showed significant improvement compared to preoperative levels（P<0.01）. The improvement amplitude in the effective group was significantly greater than that in the ineffective group（P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between BMI changes and improvement in cardiovascular and pulmonary function indicators（P>0.05）. Conclusion:For OSAHS patients who cannot tolerate or are unwilling to receive non-invasive assisted ventilation, simultaneous multi-plane upper airway surgery is feasible. Even if the objective efficacy is suboptimal, it can improve cardiopulmonary function and has significant clinical application value.

The Impact of National Health Insurance Expansion on Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nine-Year Single-Center Study

Surgical treatments are important options for adult obstructive sleep apnea, especially when the treatment compliance of continuous positive airway pressure, the first-line treatment, is poor. Currently, there are several surgical procedures that had been used in treating this disease in clinical work, including nasal surgery, velopharyngeal surgery, glossopharyngeal surgery, maxillofacial surgery, bariatric surgery, and nerve stimulation surgery. These procedures involve different specialties and have varying indications. Selecting an appropriate surgical procedure basing on individual characteristics and treatment preferences is crucial for alleviating the severity of the disease.

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder that contributes to serious cardiovascular comorbidities. While the mechanical aspects of OSA are well-studied, its neurobiological underpinnings remain underexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of dopamine and its genetic modulators in OSA pathophysiology. Patients and methods Serum dopamine levels were assessed in a cohort of 153 participants (96 OSA patients and 57 controls), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dopamine-related genes, including COMT, DRD1 and DRD2, were analysed in a cohort of 286 participants (141 OSA patients and 145 controls). Results Elevated serum dopamine levels were observed in OSA patients (p = 0.01), with dopamine levels correlating independently with OSA and male gender. Genotypic analysis identified the DRD2 rs1800497 T allele as a potential independent predictor of OSA severity (p = 0.011), hypopnea (p = 0.005) and arousals (p = 0.024). Conclusions This study advances the understanding of OSA by identifying elevated dopamine levels and genetic variations in DRD2 rs1800497 as potential modulators of its occurrence and severity. These findings pave the way for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. By integrating neurobiology, genetics, and clinical practice, this research contributes to the evolving framework for precision medicine in sleep disorders.

Purpose Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with both abnormal hormone secretion and dyslipidaemia. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) can induce postmenopausal dyslipidaemia. This study aimed to explore the relationship between FSH and dyslipidaemia among male OSA patients. Patients and Methods A total of 257 subjects admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty between August 2020 and September 2022 were screened. Sleep breathing monitoring data, biochemical indicators, and physical measurements were collected. Spearman correlation tests were used to analyse the correlation between FSH and lipid levels. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for dyslipidaemia as assessed by the presence of hyper-TC, hyper-LDL-C, hypo-HDL-C and hyper-TG. The potential mediating role of FSH was estimated by the mediation analyses. Results A total of 194 patients with OSA were ultimately included. Participants with a higher FSH had more severe OSA, had higher TG levels and higher percentages of hyper-TG. A positive dose–response relationship was observed between FSH and OSA severity or TG (P for trend both < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between FSH and TG (r = 0.281, p < 0.001). Furthermore, after adjusting for multiple variables, including age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, OSA severity, and oestradiol, FSH was significantly associated with hyper-TG, with ORs (95% CIs) across higher FSH quartiles of 2.791 (1.115, 6.987), 3.242 (1.272, 8.264), and 4.163 (1.441, 12.022), respectively. A significant positive linear trend was observed (p = 0.020 for a linear trend). In addition, FSH had a 14.8% mediating effect on the relationship between OSA severity and hyper-TG. Conclusion FSH was independently associated with hyper-TG and played a significant mediating role in the relationship between OSA and dyslipidaemia.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to both physical and mental health issues. Using 2019 national survey data from 3689 middle-aged South Koreans, this study looked at how OSA risk relates to perceived stress. The STOP-Bang questionnaire identified OSA risk, and stress was self-reported. Results showed that 29.6% of those at risk for OSA reported stress, compared to 16.2% of those not at risk (OR = 1.85, p < 0.0001). Even after adjusting for various factors, the OSA risk group was significantly more likely to feel stressed. While job type showed some differences, they weren't statistically meaningful. The study highlights the need to consider mental health in those likely to have OSA. These findings suggest that stress may coexist with OSA and could be a relevant factor in managing the condition. Further efforts are needed to incorporate stress management into OSA prevention and treatment strategies.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been widely associated with DN in observational studies; however, the causal nature and direction of this association remain uncertain. To clarify this, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using large-scale genetic datasets. Genetic instruments for OSA were derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising up to 476,853 individuals, while genetic associations for DN were obtained from another GWAS including 452,280 participants. We applied multiple MR methods to ensure robust causal inference, including inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode. Sensitivity analyses were thoroughly conducted using Cochran’s Q test for heterogeneity and the MR-Egger intercept test to assess potential pleiotropy. Furthermore, multivariable MR was employed to evaluate the independent effect of OSA on DN after adjusting for hyperlipidemia and hypertension. The results indicated a significant causal effect of OSA on DN risk, supported by IVW (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.12–1.77, p = 0.003) and weighted median estimates (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16–2.13, p = 0.003). Reverse MR analysis revealed no evidence of a causal effect of DN on OSA. Importantly, after accounting for hyperlipidemia and hypertension, multivariable MR confirmed that OSA exerts an independent causal influence on DN (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.14–1.67, p = 0.021). These findings suggest that OSA may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy through specific mechanisms, independent of traditional metabolic risk factors.

Bridging the Awareness Gap: A Cross-sectional Study on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge among Obese Adults in a Mixed Urban–Rural Population of Delhi NCR