Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder Traits Research Articles

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Comorbid With or Without Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: Conceptual Implications, Clinical Correlates, and Brain Morphometries

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often comorbid with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). The relationship between OCD and OCPD is complex, and the impact of comorbid OCPD on OCD remains underexplored, necessitating further research. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical correlates and brain morphometries associated with comorbid OCPD in a large sample of unmedicated patients with OCD. MethodsA total of 248 unmedicated patients diagnosed with OCD (45 comorbid with OCPD) were included in this study. All participants were assessed for OCD symptoms, OCPD traits, obsessive beliefs, depression, and anxiety. Among them, 145 patients (23 comorbid with OCPD) volunteered to receive magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. ResultsApproximately 18% (45/248) of patients with OCD were comorbid for OCPD. OCD comorbid with OCPD (OCD+OCPD) exhibited more severe OCD symptoms, obsessive beliefs, depression, and anxiety than OCD comorbid without OCPD. Additionally, the severity of OCPD was positively correlated with OCD symptoms and obsessive beliefs. Furthermore, patients with OCD+OCPD exhibited increased cortical complexity in the left superior parietal lobule and left precuneus, which mediated the relationship between OCPD and OCD symptoms only in OCD patients comorbid without OCPD. ConclusionsThe co-occurrence of OCPD may contribute to the heightened severity of psychopathological symptoms and associated brain morphological alterations in patients with OCD, indicating distinct but interrelated constructs between these 2 disorders.

Subjective fatigue in individuals with anxiety and mood disorders correlates with specific traits of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Fatigue is a common debilitating symptom in individuals with anxiety and mood disorders, also known as common mental disorders (CMD). Aspects of fatigue are seen to be independently associated with the presence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in individuals with CMD. However, the relationship between different traits of OCPD and fatigue is still under-researched. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the associations between individual OCPD traits and fatigue in those with CMD. This cross-sectional study investigated 203 individuals (76.8% female, mean age 40.8 ± 11.8) attending a stress-related disorders day care unit. Participants were evaluated for OCPD traits by using the Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale and completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20. Out of 203 participants, 42 (20.7%) fulfilled operational criteria for OCPD (73.8% female). Participants with OCPD had greater reduced motivation, mental and physical fatigue scores than those without OCPD (13.2 ± 3.6 vs. 14.5 ± 3.6, p = 0.035; 14.4 ± 4.3 vs. 16.1 ± 3.5, p = 0.023; 13.5 ± 4.3 vs. 15.0 ± 4.3, p = 0.049, respectively). In individuals with OCPD, higher levels of rigidity correlated with physical fatigue (ρ = 0.463, p = 0.002) and reduced activity (ρ = 0.363, p = 0.018), while preoccupation with details was associated with reduced motivation (ρ = 0.437, p = 0.004). In conclusion, in individuals with CMD and comorbid OCPD, several OCPD traits were significantly related to subjective measures of fatigue. As traits are considered stable features, there results suggest they might play a causative role in generating subjective fatigue in CMD.

Supplemental Material for Leveraging Normative Personality Data and Machine Learning to Examine the Brain Structure Correlates of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Traits

Supplemental Material for Leveraging Normative Personality Data and Machine Learning to Examine the Brain Structure Correlates of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Traits

“I CAN STRIVE FOR EXCELLENCE AND STILL BE KIND TO MYSELF”: A CASE REPORT ON MULTIFACETED INTERVENTION FOR A YOUNG WOMAN WITH DEPRESSION AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS

Limited literature exists on the management of depression with comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). This case report presents the psychological intervention provided for a young woman with clinical depression, anxiety, and traits of OCPD. Additionally, she exhibits distinctive maladaptive coping mechanisms, having created vivid characters in her mind since a young age to ensure flawless behaviors. The treatment approach was based on the framework of cognitive behavioral therapy and incorporated elements of compassion training and dialectical skills training. The intervention aimed to address the complex interplay between depression, anxiety, OCPD traits, and the unique coping strategies observed in the patient. As a result of the treatment, her BDI score reduced from severe to mild, and she demonstrated an increase in healthy coping skills. This case report documents the treatment approach used to address the multidimensional challenges presented by individuals with comorbid conditions involving OCPD traits. Furthermore, recommendations are provided on how to manage similar cases.

The Associations between Obsessive Compulsive Personality Traits, Self-Efficacy, and Exercise Addiction.

Exercise addiction refers to maladaptive exercise patterns involving compulsivity and addiction-like behaviors. Exercise addiction has been found to relate to negative physical and mental health outcomes such as heart abnormalities, physical injuries, and interpersonal conflicts. Based on the social cognitive theory, this study investigated the extent to which the interplay of obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) traits and self-efficacy beliefs would influence the development and maintenance of exercise addiction. A total of 1228 college students in the United States responded to an online survey. Based on cut-off scores of the Revised Exercise Addiction Inventory, the prevalence estimates of exercise addiction were 4.0% for males and 1.8% for females. Results showed that males are more prone to exercise addiction than females. Also, OCPD traits and self-efficacy significantly predicted exercise addiction after controlling for age and sex. Self-efficacy acted as a moderator in influencing the relationship between OCPD traits and exercise addiction, especially for females. At high levels of self-efficacy, more OCPD traits were significantly associated with a higher risk of exercise addiction. However, at low levels of self-efficacy, there was no association between OCPD traits and exercise addiction. The findings suggest that public education and intervention for exercise addiction should attend to the interplay between personality factors and sex.

Does gambling differ in people with a minority sexual orientation?

Gambling is common and there is growing concern about its public health implications. Little is known about how gambling differs in people with minority sexual identities. We sought to understand whether lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals differ from non-LGB individuals in terms of gambling and associated characteristics. A total of 534 participants age 18 to 29 who gambled at least 5 times in the preceding year undertook clinical and neurocognitive evaluations. Those who identified as LGB were compared to heterosexuals on clinical and cognitive measures. Overall, 51 participants (9.6%) identified as LGB. These individuals showed significantly higher levels of problem gambling, suicide risk, substance use disorders, traits of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), higher errors on a set-shifting task, and higher rates of family history of addiction. These results indicate that individuals with minority sexual orientations may be at higher risk of experiencing problem gambling and associated factors, such as increased suicidality, OCPD traits, and some degree of cognitive differences. Future studies should establish whether these associations also exist in clinical samples of people with full gambling disorder. Large-scale longitudinal research in neglected minority groups is needed to further explore these associations.

Validity of a Revised Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) Trait Profile and Its Relationship with Social Interaction Anxiety and Coping

There is evidence suggesting that the conceptualization and operationalization of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is not satisfactory (Watters et al., 2019). In this study, we used an online sample (N = 1008) to investigate the construct validity of the PID-5 OCPD trait measure. Regression analyses supported our hypothesis that rigid perfectionism captured the core phenomenology of OCPD whereas restricted affectivity and intimacy avoidance were not conceptually related to the OCPD construct. Based on the biosocial theory for overcontrol (Lynch, 2018), we introduced anxiousness and workaholism to the PID-5 OCPD trait profile. In establishing the validity of the revised OCPD trait profile, we investigated, for the first time, the role of social interaction anxiety and maladaptive coping in OCPD. Our revised OCPD profile showed good validity and was characterized by marked social interaction anxiety and dysfunctional coping mechanisms. The findings may lead to a new conceptualization of OCPD which prioritizes deficits in social interaction and coping. We identify areas that need to be prioritized in the evaluation of OCPD by mental health professionals and offer avenues for new clinical research in the field.

Autistic traits and obsessive-compulsive personality traits in OCD patients

BackgroundStudies have reported a high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder with a negative effect on psychosocial functioning. However, the extent to which autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits overlap and by inference, the extent to which these separately classified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders disorders five (obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, personality disorder, autism spectrum disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder) may share a nosological relationship has not so far been systematically investigated in clinical samples.This study is done to detect the frequency of obsessive-compulsive personality traits and autistic traits in a sample of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.ResultsResults revealed that younger patients had significantly more severe and extreme obsessive-compulsive disorder scores. Moreover, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II) and Autism Spectrum Quotient analysis revealed that younger patients had a significantly higher prevalence of personality traits and autistic traits respectively. Statistical significance as many patients with severe and extreme Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale showed criteria of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. No association of statistical significance was found between obsessive-compulsive disorder severity and autistic trait presence. On the contrary, statistical significance was found between autistic traits and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.ConclusionsThere is the presence of comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive personality traits and autism spectrum traits in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Obsessive-compulsive personality traits prevalence in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients was higher than in autistic traits. Several factors of genetic predisposition, environmental factors like education and marital status, employment, and intrinsic factors as age of patients all exhibited a pivotal role in obsessive-compulsive disorder prevalence and severity.

Bridging of childhood obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits and adult eating disorder symptoms: A network analysis approach.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCDP) traits are commonly associated with eating disorders (EDs), with evidence demonstrating that these traits predispose and exacerbate the ED illness course. However, limited research has examined the symptomatic interplay between ED and OCDP traits. We used network analysis to (1) identify the most central symptoms in a network comprised of OCPD traits retrospectively assessed in childhood and ED symptoms and (2) to identify symptoms which bridged OCPD traits and ED symptoms. Participants were 320 females with an ED (anorexia nervosa n=227, bulimia nervosa n=93), who completed the semi-structured EATATE interview and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2. Expected influence (EI) was computed to determine each symptom's influence in the network. Bridge symptoms were identified by computing bridge EI. A regularised partial correlation network showed that ascetism, social insecurity, ineffectiveness, and impulsivity had the highest EI in the OCPD and ED network. With respect to bridging symptoms, interpersonal distrust emerged as a possible bridging node between the OCPD and ED trait/symptom clusters. These findings highlight the centrality of non-specific ED symptoms in the ED symptom network and suggest that interpersonal distrust may play a functional role through which childhood OCPD traits and ED symptoms are connected.

Individual obsessive-compulsive traits are associated with poorer adjustment to the easing of COVID-19 restrictions

BackgroundAs COVID-19 restrictions ease, the public are expected to relinquish previously enforced safety behaviors and resume a more normal lifestyle. Despite these aims, our recent survey of 438 adults from the general population, during a temporary release of lockdown in the United Kingdom (July–November 2020), showed that 25% of the public find re-adjustment problematic. This was especially the case in those with a history of mental disorder and obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits and symptoms, including rigidity as measured by a neurocognitive test of attentional flexibility. To aid in identifying those most at risk, we performed a secondary analysis on the data to determine which specific OC traits were related to specific aspects of behavioral adjustment. MethodsCorrelational and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine associations between the eight individual personality traits constituting DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD), as measured by the self-rated Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale (CPAS) and a range of self-rated Post-Pandemic Adjustment Questionnaire items. ResultsThree items on the Post-Pandemic Adjustment Questionnaire correlated with individual CPAS items: ‘General difficulties adjusting’ correlated with perfectionism, preoccupation with details, over-conscientiousness and need for control; ‘social avoidance’ correlated with perfectionism and preoccupation with details; and ‘disinfecting behaviors’ correlated with preoccupation with details and miserliness (Pearson's r - all p < .001). Intriguingly, none of the adjustment items correlated significantly with self-rated rigidity. ConclusionsSeveral OCPD traits predict post-pandemic adjustment difficulties, but perfectionism and preoccupation-with-details showed the most robust correlations. These traits constitute a platform for the development of new screening and interventional strategies aimed at restoring public mental health and wellbeing. Cognitive rigidity may be more reliably evaluated using an objective form of assessment.

Long-term physical health outcomes of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is characterized by pervasive and persistent traits including preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control. Relatively little is known about the potential relationship between OCPD traits and physical health. We investigated the association between OCPD traits and several self-reported medical conditions in 249 individuals followed prospectively from 1981 until 2004/2005 as part of the Epidemiological Catchment Area. The OCPD trait score was inversely related to hypertension in males, in models unadjusted (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.90) and adjusted (OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47-0.95) for sociodemographic variables. Perfectionism was inversely related to hypertension in the unadjusted models for men (OR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12-0.89). Indecisiveness was positively associated with heart conditions in adjusted models for women (OR = 3.46; 95% CI, 1.11-10.52). OCPD traits are associated with cardiovascular health in both sexes. Further studies are needed to understand the specificity of these relationships, as well as to determine the underlying mechanism.

Maximizing remission from cognitive-behavioral therapy in medicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Practice guidelines for adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) recommend augmenting serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) with exposure and ritual prevention (EX/RP). However, fewer than half of patients remit after a standard 17-session EX/RP course. We studied whether extending the course increased overall remission rates and which patient factors predicted remission. Participants were 137 adults with clinically significant OCD (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS] score ≥18) despite an adequate SRI trial (≥12 weeks). Continuing their SRI, patients received 17 sessions of twice-weekly EX/RP (standard course). Patients who did not remit (Y-BOCS ≤12) received up to 8 additional sessions (extended course). Of 137 entrants, 123 completed treatment: 49 (35.8%) remitted with the standard course and another 46 (33.6%) with the extended course. Poorer patient homework adherence, more Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) traits, and the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66MET genotype were associated with lower odds of standard course remission. Only homework adherence differentiated non-remitters from extended course remitters. Extending the EX/RP course from 17 to 25 sessions enabled many (69.3%) OCD patients on SRIs to achieve remission. Although behavioral (patient homework adherence), psychological (OCPD traits), and biological (BDNF genotype) factors influenced odds of EX/RP remission, homework adherence was the most potent patient factor overall.

Towards a better understanding of adolescent obsessive-compulsive personality traits and obsessive-compulsive symptoms from growth trajectories of perfectionism.

Although there is increasing attention for the interrelationship between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), their shared characteristics in terms of childhood trait antecedents remain understudied. Perfectionism may be a viable candidate trait antecedent, given its role in the clinical manifestation of both OCPD and OCD in adulthood, and the evidence that perfectionism reflects a dispositional tendency observable from childhood onwards. However, little is known about childhood trajectories of perfectionism with prospective links to later OCPD versus OCD. Using latent growth curve modeling, this study explored the baseline and growth of childhood perfectionism in 485 community and referred children (55.5% girls, 7.17-14.78 years old, Mage = 10.74, SD = 1.50) across three waves. Adolescent OCPD traits and OCD symptoms were measured in Wave 4. An overall decreasing trend of perfectionism from childhood through adolescence appeared, without inter-individual differences in growth. Individual differences in baseline levels of childhood perfectionism were significant, and equally predicting adolescent OCPD and OCD outcomes. At a more specific level, childhood perfectionism predicted most strongly the rigid perfectionism component of OCPD, and the orderliness/cleanliness/perfectionism and obsession domain of OCD. This demonstrates the value of childhood perfectionism for understanding differential outcomes of adolescent OCPD traits and OCD symptoms.

Validation of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory in a Mental Health Sample.

The Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI) is a recently developed measure of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) based on an established dimensional model of general personality, the five-factor model. The present study aimed to evaluate the construct validity of the FFOCI by examining its associations with both traditional and dimensional diagnostic models of OCPD. This study used an archival data set of mental health patients that employed a multimethod design. A total of 214 individuals (and their nominated informants) completed various personality inventories indexing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-Fifth edition traditional and Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) diagnostic criteria for OCPD, as well as other individual AMPD personality traits deemed conceptually relevant to the FFOCI. The results were generally quite supportive of construct validity. They showed that FFOCI scale scores converged with traditional measures of OCPD and AMPD-OCPD traits and impairment in a conceptually expected manner, with a few exceptions. Overall, it was clear from these findings that the FFOCI takes a broader and more comprehensive approach to the assessment of obsessive-compulsive than traditional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and AMPD operationalizations.

Mental Fatigue, But Not other Fatigue Characteristics, as a Candidate Feature of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder in Patients with Anxiety and Mood Disorders-An Exploratory Study.

Background: Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is commonly associated with anxiety and mood disorders (AMDs), in which fatigue and executive dysfunction represent key symptoms. Executive dysfunction has also been demonstrated in subjects with OCPD, and is additionally found to be a cardinal feature of fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the associations between fatigue, executive dysfunction, and OCPD in patients with AMDs. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 85 AMD patients (78% females, mean age 39 ± 11 years) were evaluated for OCPD traits by using the observer-rated Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 was used to measure different aspects of fatigue, and the Trail Making Test was employed to assess executive functioning. The Hamilton rating scales were used to evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms. Results: Controlling for potential confounders, there was a significant link between OCPD and mental fatigue (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.58; p = 0.033). No associations were found between the presence of OCPD and other relevant fatigue characteristics, including general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, and reduced motivation, as well as executive functions. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report associations between OCPD and mental fatigue in patients with AMDs, suggesting mental fatigue as a clinically important symptom when considering particular personality pathologies.

Intolerance of uncertainty and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) remains understudied despite its high community prevalence and substantial societal burden. Elucidating the factors involved in OCPD traits and behaviors could improve conceptual models of OCPD and guide treatment development. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has been investigated as a transdiagnostic factor linked to many conditions, including anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite OCPD's links to OCD, very little research has investigated whether IU may also be a relevant factor in OCPD. The present study administered measures of IU and OCPD to a large community sample of adults (n = 534) as well as a group of individuals with self-identified OCPD (n = 76). The OCPD measure assessed five OCPD trait dimensions as well as overall OCPD severity. We also included measures of other symptoms (OCD, depression, anxiety, and stress) as well as quality of life. Results revealed that the OCPD group reported heightened IU compared with the community sample, even when controlling for group differences in anxiety, depression, stress, and OCD symptoms. IU was significantly correlated with OCPD trait severity, and regression analyses demonstrated that IU predicted severity of OCPD traits controlling for distress symptoms. Moreover, IU significantly mediated the relationship between OCPD traits and reduced quality of life. These results highlight the importance of considering IU in the context of OCPD, with possible implications for improving treatment. Limitations and future directions for research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Early maladaptive schemas and their relation to personality disorders: A correlational examination in a clinical population.

Personality disorder (PD) pathology has been linked to early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). Because of a large heterogeneity in study populations, sample size, statistical analyses and conceptualizations in the literature, the exact relationships between PDs and EMSs are still unclear. The current study examined the relationship between borderline, dependent, avoidant and obsessive–compulsive PDs, represented dimensionally as number of traits, and 15 different EMSs as measured by the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ). A total of N = 130 inpatients took part in the study (M age = 43.6, gender = 51.5% female). Stepwise regressions indicated that borderline, dependent, avoidant and obsessive–compulsive PD traits were partly characterized by specific EMSs and EMSs grouped as domains (i.e., other‐directedness domain for dependent PD and overvigilance for obsessive–compulsive PD) and that relations with a variety of domains and EMSs were overlapping for the PD dimensions (i.e., disconnection and rejection for both borderline and avoidant PDs). This suggests that PDs are reflected by a hybrid model of EMSs, with some EMSs and domains that relate to a broader vulnerability factor for PDs, and other domains that differentially relate to the independent PDs. Findings are informative for clinicians, as various EMSs per PD may be targeted in therapy.

Personality disorder traits, obsessive ideation and perfectionism 20 years after adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: a recovered study.

The many studies examining the relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and personality abnormalities have observed high comorbidity. However, no definitive studies to date have established whether there is a causal connection or whether it is a complication. The current study aimed to explore the nature of the relationship between personality disorder (PD) traits, obsessionality and perfectionism, using a study design that allows the testing of some comorbidity models. Twenty-nine women were recruited from a group of former AN patients treated during their adolescence in a specialized unit around 20years before the time of this study. They were divided into two groups according to the current presence of eating disorder (ED) symptoms (current-ED, n = 11; recovered, n = 18). Both groups were compared to a matched control group (n = 29) regarding current PD traits, obsessive beliefs and perfectionism. Borderline PD traits, most cluster C PD traits and overestimation of threat were more common in the current-ED group than in the control and recovered groups. Obsessive-compulsive PD traits, intolerance of uncertainty, and perfectionism were also significantly more prevalent in the current-ED group compared to controls but did not reach significance when compared to the recovered group. No significant differences were found between the recovered and control groups. Our results mostly support the personality abnormalities observed as a transient effect related to the presence of ED psychopathology in patients with adolescent-onset AN. Level III, case-control analytic studies.

Overlap of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder and autism spectrum disorder traits among OCD outpatients: an exploratory study

Background: Whereas the phenomenology of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) shows similarities to that of obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) as well as with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the relationship between these disorders is poorly understood.Aims: Within a clinical sample, we aimed to investigate the distribution of OCD, OCPD and ASD symptoms and traits and their interrelationship, as well as to evaluate insight and treatment refractoriness.Methods: Consecutive adult OCD outpatients were assessed for OCPD traits (Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale (CPAS)), OCD symptoms (Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)), ASD traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)), insight (Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS)) and treatment resistance (clinical records). Those scoring highly on the AQ underwent a diagnostic interview for ASD.Results: Sixty-seven consenting individuals completed the CPAS, BABS and AQ, and 65 completed the Y-BOCS. Twenty-four patients (35.8%) were diagnosed with OCPD. Patients with OCPD were less likely to be employed (p=.04). They demonstrated elevated AQ scores (p=.004) and rates of ASD diagnosis (54.2%) (p <.001). OCPD traits (CPAS) showed a highly significant correlation with ASD traits (AQ) (p<.001), and no association with Y-BOCS, BABS or treatment resistance.Conclusions: In an OCD cohort limited by small size, OCPD associated strongly with unemployment and ASD, with implications for diagnosis, treatment and outcome.KEY POINTSClinicians should exercise a high level of vigilance for OCPD and ASD in patients presenting with obsessive compulsive symptoms.The presence of OCPD may indicate a likelihood of disabling ASD traits, including cognitive inflexibility, poor central coherence and poor social communication.These neuropsychological factors may require separate clinical intervention strategies.

The Polish adaptation of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Short Form (FFOCI-SF): A preliminary study

BackgroundThe Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Short Form (FFOCI-SF) is an instrument used to measure obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, which is one of the most widespread personality disorders. The FFOCI-SF is a shorter version of the FFOCI that was developed on the basis of the Five Factor Model of per-sonality treated as a general framework for identifying different traits useful in describing maladaptive person-ality. This paper presents the psychometric parameters of the Polish adaptation of the FFOCI-SF.Participants and procedureOur sample consisted of 328 respondents aged 18-75 (61% women) from Poland. The voluntary and anony-mous procedure consisted of completing inventories in a self-reported, paper-and-pencil way. The respondents received the FFOCI-SF, the Personal Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2).ResultsThe findings suggest that there is acceptable internal consistency for most of the scales and some problems with the differentiation between some scales in factor analysis. Additionally, we present the hierarchical struc-ture of the facets included in the instrument with two factors analogous to the metatraits of personality (Alpha and Beta). The criterion validity of the inventory was established by correlations on the one hand with Big Five traits (BFI-2) and on the other hand with another measure of the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits, namely appropriate scales from the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5).ConclusionsThis study confirms that the FFOCI-SF is a valid measure for scientific purposes. In order to use it for diagnostic purposes, further research is suggested on clinical samples. The findings also suggest that the FFOCI-SF can be useful in exploring new solutions in structure of the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder facets.