Observation Techniques Research Articles

Social Emotional Learning to Improve Collaboration and Questioning Skills in Elementary Schools

This study investigates the impact of social-emotional learning (SEL) on enhancing collaboration and questioning skills in elementary school students. The research focuses explicitly on 31 first-grade students in Palembang. Employing a classroom action research methodology, the study is structured into two cycles, each comprising planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data collection involved both observational techniques and testing. The results indicate marked improvements in collaboration and questioning skills across three phases: pre-cycle, cycle I, and cycle II. A 19% increase in questioning abilities was observed from the pre-cycle to cycle I, followed by an impressive 33% increase from cycle I to cycle II. This progression illustrates that while students are making commendable strides in developing their questioning skills, they still benefit from targeted guidance from educators to refine the substance of their inquiries. Regarding collaboration skills, applying SEL resulted in a noteworthy 25% enhancement from the pre-cycle to cycle I and a further 42% improvement from cycle I to cycle II. These findings underscore a significant advancement in students' capacities for teamwork, responsibility, and constructive feedback within group dynamics. Overall, the insights gained from this study highlight the effectiveness of implementing social-emotional learning in enriching the educational experience and fostering collaboration and questioning skills among elementary school students.

PARTICIPATION PATTERN AND INFORMATION SHARING BEHAVIOUR OF FARMERS IN SOCIAL MEDIA

This research study was undertaken to find out the Participation pattern and information sharing behaviour of farmers in WhatsApp social media. The data were collected by both interview method and participant observation technique. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics; association with participation pattern and the variables were captured by using chi square and Mann Whitney U test; relationship between selected independent variables and tendency to access and share information in WhatsApp group was studied using logistic regression model. The results revealed that 51.70 % of the farmers used WhatsApp mainly for sharing of farm related information, had a WhatsApp usage period of ranging from 0.3 to 10 years, possess membership in seven groups and as group admin in more than one group with 10 to 360 minutes time spent per day. Selected independent variables viz., type of group, number of membership and admin status, WhatsApp and internet usage period, relationship with group members, role in content generation, age and involvement in specialized farming all together explained 60 per cent of variations in tendency to access and share information in social media.

Interferensi Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia dalam Skripsi Bahasa Arab Sebagai Upaya Pemetaan Kesalahan Berbahasa Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Arab

This study aims to analyze grammatical interference from Indonesian in Arabic language theses written by students of the Arabic Language Education (PBA) program at Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari (UNHASY) Jombang. Interference occurs when Indonesian grammatical patterns influence the use of Arabic, leading to errors in sentence structure and the application of grammatical rules. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method to describe the forms of interference and map out common language errors. The data were collected from theses written by students from the 2020–2023 cohorts using a random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through the uninvolved conversational observation and note-taking technique, followed by in-depth analysis. The findings indicate that interference occurs at the syntactic and morphological levels, including errors in sentence structure, the use of particles and prepositions, and inaccuracies in selecting plural, singular, and verb forms. The primary factor causing this interference is the application of Indonesian grammatical patterns that do not align with Arabic rules. These findings serve as a basis for mapping linguistic errors and can be used as a reference to enhance Arabic language teaching strategies. With a better understanding of interference patterns, it is hoped that lecturers and educators can develop more contextual and effective teaching materials. This study is expected to contribute to improving the linguistic competence of PBA students in writing academic texts in Arabic. Keywords: grammatical interference, Indonesian language, Arabic language, language errors, student thesese.

Cyber ​​Culture in the Transformation of Urban Da'wah: A Case Study of Pemuda Hijrah Community Bandung, Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the da'wah model carried out among industrial communities. Sociologically, industrial society is characterized by various aspects of heterogeneity in life. As a transition from a phase of social life, industrial society is filled with individual characteristics of society and in multicultural, educational, economic, political, and religious groups. In subsequent developments, the transition to industrial society occurred due to the contribution of technological sophistication, especially information and communication technology. Specifically, research is directed at analyzing the development of cyberculture and its relationship to the transformation of preaching discourse in urban areas. The Pemuda Hijrah Community is the subject and object of the research being observed. The research was conducted from March to June 2024, using an interpretive paradigm, a qualitative approach, and case study methods. Data was collected using observation, documentation, and literature study techniques. The research results show that Hanan Attaki and the Pemuda Hijrah Community in Bandung City can be seen as a case of da'wah activities in industrial society. The characteristics and models of da'wah carried out by Hanan Attaki and Pemuda Hijrah can be a model for developing da'wah activities in urban areas. Therefore, this research found several essential aspects that can be used as a reference in observing the sociological process of da'wah activities in urban areas, which initially only involved young people but influenced various groups' development. The impact was not only in Bandung but also became a trendsetter for urban da'wah in multiple regions (villages or cities) in Indonesia.

Morphology and use of the bandicoot (Echymipera kalubu) by the Wamesa Tribe in Teluk Wondama Regency

This research aims to identify the type of mole, its morphology, and the ethnobiology of bandicoots by the Wamesa Tribe in Teluk Wondama Regency. This research method is a descriptive method with observation and interview techniques. Research variables include morphology and ethnobiology of bandicoots. The research results show that the bandicoots used by the Wamesa Tribe are white-breasted and red-breasted E. kalubu. The hair's characteristics are spiky, short snout, tail length <100 mm, black areas on the eyes, and ears rounder. Based on the measurements of male and inner E.kalubu, they have a body weight of 1,600 vs 2000 g. hind leg length 411.7 vs. 414 mm, tail length 62.2 vs. 65 mm, hind foot length 57.8 vs. 54.5 mm, ear length 33.8 vs. 32.5 mm. The Wamesa tribe uses moles for consumption, cooked by stirring-frying using burning coals and natural kitchen spices, and the body part of the bandicoot is meat. Keywords: Bandicoot; Echymipera kalubu; Ethnozoology; Teluk Wondama Regency, Wamesa Tribe

Ionospheric Irregularities Related to Scintillation During Geomagnetic Storm in March, April, 2023 Over Indonesia

This study aims to analyze ionospheric irregularities in plasma structures on scales above 400 meters–several kilometers associated with scintillation using GPS satellite signal observation techniques. This study was conducted in the Indonesian region during the main phase of a strong category geomagnetic storm on March 23-24 and April 23-24, 2023 using Total Electron Content (TEC) and Rate of TEC Index (ROTI), from GPS receiver observations in Manado (1.34˚N-124.82˚E; -7.91˚S), Kupang (10.16˚S-123.67˚E; -19.38˚S), Bandung (6.9˚S- 107.6˚E; 17.5˚S) and Biak (1.0˚S-136.0˚E; 12.18˚S). The results showed that during the geomagnetic storm on March 23-24, plasma irregularities, characterized by irregularities on a scale of more than 400 meters and evidenced by an increase in ROTI, were largely suppressed at all observation sites except Bandung. Likewise, most stations did not show a substantial increase in ROTI values ​​in the subsequent storm on April 23-24, 2023, indicating continued suppression except for the Manado station. Furthermore, changes in TEC variations in response to the March 23-24 storm indicate that stations in Biak and Manado experienced positive storms (increase in TEC), while stations Bandung and Kupang experienced negative storms (decrease in TEC). In contrast, during the storm on April 23–24, 2023, all locations reported positive storms.

Analisis Kepuasan Anggota Nasabah Terhadap Pelayanan Tabungan DI BMT NU Cabang Silo

This research aims to analyze the level of customer satisfaction with savings services at BMT NU Silo Branch. In facing competition in the Islamic finance industry, customer satisfaction is an important factor that contributes to loyalty and business sustainability. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through interview and observation techniques. The research results show that the majority of customers are satisfied with the services provided, especially due to the implementation of the 3S principle (Sapa, Smile, Salam), the flexibility of the savings system, and transparency in the distribution of results. Superior products, such as Mudharabah Savings (TABAH), are the main choice for customers because they offer convenience in transactions and competitive returns. Based on these findings, it is recommended that BMT NU Silo Branch continue to improve service quality in order to maintain and increase customer loyalty.

Analysis of Storyline Comparison in the Drama Script Amplop-amplop Laknat by Asmuddin and Penyesalan by Nora Adeliana: Comparative Studies

This research study aims to analyze the similarities and differences in the storyline in the drama scripts Amplop-amplop Laknat by Asmudin and Penyesalan by Nora Adeliana. This study uses a qualitative approach using the content analysis method with a network analysis technique that includes three components, namely: 1. data reduction; simplifying the drama script, 2. data presentation; conducting structural analysis of the drama script, and 3. withdrawal; drawing conclusions about the plot and presentation of the plot in the drama script using a comparative study. The data collection method is carried out using the literature observation technique. The collected data are analyzed using a structural study of the work's intrinsic elements to be studied more deeply using a comparative study of the storyline. The study results show that both drama scripts have similarities in terms of story ideas and differences in terms of the presentation of the storyline. The benefits of this study are that it will help gain a deep understanding of the structure of the script text and increase the knowledge of structural reviews in comparative studies on the plot and presentation of the plot of drama scripts.

Strategy For Developing Creative Economy-Based Tourism Villages In Sleman District

This study was conducted to determine the existing tourism and creative economy villages that were developed and to formulate a strategy for developing tourism villages based on the creative economy. The data used are primary data in the form of information collected from tourism villages and secondary data in the form of support data from BPS, the Sleman Regency Tourism Office and social media. The techniques used in this study are data exploration, desk analysis, observation and FGD techniques. The results of the study indicate that tourism villages in Sleman Regency develop creative economic potential. In the formulation of a strategy for developing tourism villages based on the creative economy, there are several strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that are formulated. From the SWOT analysis, several alternative strategies and programs/activities have been produced that can be implemented and attempted to develop the potential of the creative economy in tourism villages in Sleman Regency, namely by improving infrastructure, training and developing human resources, product diversification and innovation and others.

Quantification of the Flood Discharge Following the 2023 Kakhovka Dam Breach Using Satellite Remote Sensing

AbstractFourteen months post the Ukrainian‐Russian war outbreak, the Kakhovka Dam collapsed, leading to weeks of catastrophic flooding. Yet, scant details exist regarding the reservoir draining process. By using a new technique for processing gravimetric satellite orbital observations, this study succeeded in recovering continuous changes in reservoir mass with a temporal resolution of 2–5 days. By integrating these variations with satellite imagery and altimetry data into a hydrodynamic model, we derived the effective width and length of the breach and the subsequent 30‐day evolution of the reservoir discharge. Our model reveals that the initial volumetric flow rate is m3/s, approximately 28 times the average flow of the Dnipro River. After 30 days, the water level in the reservoir had dropped by m and its water volume was almost completely depleted by km3. In addition, this event provides a rare opportunity to examine the discharge coefficient—a key modeling parameter—of giant reservoirs, which we find to be 0.8–1.0, significantly larger than the ∼0.6 value previously measured in the laboratory, indicating that this parameter may be related to the reservoir scale. This study demonstrates a paradigm of utilizing multiple remote sensing techniques to address observational challenges posed by extreme hydrological events.

Improving Life Skills in Sewing for the Independence of Female Students at the Al-Khoirot Gondanglegi Islamic Boarding School – Malang

Life skills are needed to develop independence, creativity, and innovation in the future. The research on the development of sewing skills at the Al Khoirot Gondanglegi Malang Girls' Islamic Boarding School aims to describe the concept of developing sewing life skills learning at the Al Khoirot Gondanglegi Malang Girls' Islamic boarding school, identify the stages of developing sewing skills learning, and analyze the factors that influence success or failure at the Al Khoirot Gondanglegi Malang girls' Islamic boarding school in developing sewing skills learning. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Hubman analysis technique, which consists of data reduction, data display, and verification stages. The results of this study show the development process through the stages of introducing sewing learning media, understanding the basics of sewing safety, teaching basic techniques, reading fabric patterns and making sewing patterns, simple sewing exercises, introducing sewing terms and procedures, introducing creative design, mass production skills, business management training, collaboration with industry, marketing and sales programs. In the final evaluation, female students were able to produce independently sewn products that were worthy of sale, such as simple clothes, games, buns, and teacher uniforms. This study concluded that project-based sewing training is an effective method for developing life skills and increasing the independence of female students. Recommendations for developing product designs, marketing strategies, and partnerships with various parties are strategic steps to improve the quality and competitiveness of female students' work. In addition, personal branding and the use of social media, as well as participation in local exhibitions, are compelling opportunities to expand marketing reach and support the development of female students' potential in a sustainable manner.

Development of disaster nursing competency assessment instruments

<span>It is important to ensure that nurses have sufficient skills and knowledge to handle emergency situations. This competency assessment can help improve nurses' readiness to face disasters and emergency situations that may occur. To develop an unobtrusive (observation) instrument for assessing disaster nursing competency which refers to the International Council of Nurses (ICN) disaster nursing competency framework, especially earthquake and volcano disasters. The starting date for the design of the disaster nursing competency assessment instrument was 2023. Then, the implementation of the research to test the instrument, which had been validated by experts using disaster nursing practice simulations, was conducted for a month from February to March 2023. The research design uses Design-Based, the sample criteria were active student status, emergency nursing, and disaster management courses. The total number of respondents was 80 students, and in the initial stage of testing the instrument during disaster simulation observations, a limited sample of 20 respondents was taken at random and assessed by five lecturers as raters. The instrument development stage started with the specification of the ICN disaster nursing competency assessment instrument. The Aiken index for the unobtrusive observation technique instrument with competency assessment rubric is high, valid, and met reliability requirements. Multifaceted analysis compared students, items, and lecturers from small and large samples. The analysis reveals that students' difficulty levels vary according to the assessing lecturer, with some mastering all items and others only mastering specific ones.</span>

Komunikasi Pemasaran Destinasi Wisata Situ Gunung Suspension Bridge Sukabumi Pasca Pandemi

Marketing communication activities are very diverse and growing rapidly to this day. Effective marketing is the spearhead for the development of the tourism business, especially when competition in the development of the tourism business shows an increasingly high identity with various products and new tourist destinations in this industry. In fact, not a few business people in the tourism industry failed and went out of business because they were unable to carry out their marketing activities effectively. PT. Fontis Aquam Vivam designs the most appropriate, efficient and effective marketing communications to make it easier for management to determine how marketing will be carried out.This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews, documentation and triangulation techniques. Then analyze the data by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. As for the research informants there were 5 people, using a purposive sampling technique.The results of this study indicate that Fontis Aquam Vivam uses 6 dimensions in marketing communications, namely, Advertising, Personal Selling, Direct Marketing, Sales Promotion, Public Relations and Publicity, Interactive marketing. Based on the data obtained in the field, it shows that not all dimensions run well, there are several dimensions that do not work and are not implemented by PT. Aquam Vivam font.

Financing Fund for Access to the Higher Education System

This document aims to study some of the financing strategies that promote access to the public higher education system in Colombia. It seeks to build the path of public policy recommendations, a forgivable financing scheme aimed at citizens of strata 1, 2 and 3 to access the official higher education system in the municipality of Soacha in Colombia. To achieve the above, the study proposes a non-experimental method, which stands out for using documentary research techniques for observation and a documentary analysis technique for educational public policy. In this sense, the strategy is framed in content analysis and has an eminently qualitative component. Under this method, it is possible to conclude that it is an economic, political and especially cultural challenge, access to higher education, which must be considered within the framework of equity and equality of social justice, leaving aside the government policies that generally vary in the shift of government resulting in dependence on personal volunteers. As a result, the fund administration funds guarantee the improvement of educational quality in terms of access and coverage. For the latter, they commit subsidized strategies where the favored students project their research initiatives in the territorial development of the regions from which they come.

An Instrument Concept for High‐Resolution Observations of the Solar Wind Electron Strahl Using Coded Aperture Imaging

AbstractIn this concept study, we explore coded aperture imaging as a high‐angular resolution imaging technique for suprathermal electron strahl observations in the solar wind. In particular, studying the relative contribution of pitch‐angle scattering to solar wind strahl broadening near 1 AU requires very high‐resolution observations of electron pitch angle. Coded aperture imaging is advantageous because it is a high‐signal method that can provide high‐angular resolution observations from a simple, and compact platform. In this study, we present an initial design concept to achieve a 40 field‐of‐view with 3.1 angular resolution from a CubeSat‐sized platform. We include an “egg‐crate” collimator design to mitigate the impact of the partially coded field‐of‐view as well as block solar photons. We also describe an estimate of the instrument data production and a possible CMOS candidate for low energy energetic particle detection. Finally, we present initial results of simulated strahl in Geant4 and the instrument response to these distributions. We find that reconstructed distributions can have accurate estimates of the strahl width. However, we find that especially for more broad strahl observations, coded aperture artifacts diminish the reconstruction quality and result in large deviations between input and output distributions. Possible options to improve accuracy include increasing integration time or reducing energy resolution.

Job Rotation: Strategi Inovatif untuk Mengasah Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah di SDN Cigugur Tengah Mandiri 2

Abstract Principal leadership development is a key factor in improving the quality of education. One strategy that can be implemented is job rotation, which allows principals to gain diverse experiences. This study examines how the principal of SDN Cigugur Tengah Mandiri 2 developed his skills through additional duties as a training facilitator for active learning and school-based management in Cimahi City. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with interview, observation and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that job rotation provides diverse work experiences, which contribute to the development of principals' strategic, managerial and collaborative skills. In addition, these experiences encourage innovation in learning management and strengthen professional networks among principals. Job rotation proved to be an effective tool in improving principals' leadership capacity. Keywords: Job rotation, leadership development, facilitator, active learning, school-based management.

PM2.5 concentration simulation by hybrid machine learning based on image features

Air pollution significantly impacts human health, making the development of effective pollutant concentration assessment methods crucial. This study introduces a hybrid machine learning approach to simulate PM2.5 mass concentration using outdoor images, offering an alternative to traditional observation techniques. The proposed method utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract image features through transfer learning. The importance of these features is then evaluated using a random forest (RF) model. In addition, the extracted image features are combined with meteorological data (e.g., temperature (TEM), relative humidity (RHU), and sea level pressure (PRS_Sea)) and pollutant concentration data (hourly PM2.5 concentrations from four monitoring stations) for complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) signal decomposition. This results in multiscale signals that are subsequently used in the hybrid machine learning model to simulate PM2.5 concentrations. The results demonstrate that the ResNet50 training method, which extracts 64 image features, yields the best performance. An RF model is applied to the low-frequency signal, superimposed with the trend signal, while a Lasso regression model is used for the high-frequency signal. The combined approach produces superior simulation results than the RF model alone. Notably, image feature 23, PM2.5 concentration from the Institute of Biological Products (IBP), and TEM are most influential for the high-frequency signal, with characteristic coefficients of 1.409, 0.380, and 0.318, respectively. For the low-frequency signals, image features 5 and 23, along with the PM2.5 concentration from the Lanlian Hotel (LH), are the most significant, with importance values of 0.170, 0.137, and 0.125, respectively. The Lasso regression model (random forest model) has the function of high (low) value correction for high (low) frequency signal simulation, leading to more accurate simulation results. This study proposes a cost-effective method for accurately estimating PM2.5 concentrations.

LOCALIZAÇÃO DO FORAME MENTUAL EM UMA COLEÇÃO OSTEOLÓGICA DA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL

In human skulls, we find many bone variations, both in shape, number, location and size of the bones, among them the mandible, which is an important reference when determining sex and age and can be useful in forensic identification. The objective of our study is to verify the location of the mental foramen in an Osteological Collection from the Northeast Region of Brazil and its relationship with sexual dimorphism. For our study, 276 dry mandibles of adults were used, 84 females and 192 males. The sample was between 20 and 95 years old, all from the Northeast Region of Brazil. The inductive approach method with systematic and direct observation technique was used to collect data and descriptive procedure for their analysis. The observations were carried out by two researchers duly calibrated according to the study. After collecting the data, we found in our study four types of presentation regarding the location of the mental foramen: Type 1, below the first premolar; Type 2, between the first and second premolar; Type 3, below the second premolar and Type 4, posterior to the second premolar. Regarding the total sample (n=276), we found that Type 1 was found in 8 jaws, representing 2.89% of the cases. In 83 jaws (30.07%) we found Type 2. Type 3 was found in 150 jaws, representing 54.34% and Type 4 was found in 35 jaws, representing 12.68% of the cases. In both males and females, Type 3 was the most frequent. We hope that more studies will be carried out in our population, due to the large territorial area of our country and the great miscegenation present.

Finite Time ESO-Based Line-of-Sight Following Method with Multi-Objective Path Planning Applied on an Autonomous Marine Surface Vehicle

The multi-objective path planning and robust continuous path-following method for the autonomous marine surface vehicle (AMSV) is employed. By incorporating the position and direction constraints into the optimization cost function, the spiral path planner obtains a continuous path with smooth path tangency and curvature and ensures strict adherence to the desired multi-objective points. An improved A* and optimization algorithm are combined with the global path planning to avoid obstacles in real-time. For the path-following controller, the unknown sideslip angle and uncertainties are added to build the system model, based on which observation technique is adopted to estimate all the uncertainties online. Based on the kinematic system, a finite time extended state observer (ESO) is put forward to estimate the sideslip angle accurately. The nonlinear line-of-sight (LOS) guidance scheme is designed for the model, effectively compensating for the observed values and achieving convergence in a finite time. The finite-time ESO is adopted to estimate the uncertainty for the surge and heading controller design, and the terminal sliding mode technique is introduced to achieve the final finite-time convergence. Through extensive experiments, the proposed approach demonstrates its effectiveness, feasibility, and the advantage of fast convergence and accurate control.

Cooperative learning on the development of reading comprehension skills

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of cooperative learning on the development of reading comprehension skills in English students aged 15-16 years old from a public school in the urban area of the city of Chone, Ecuador. Due to the size of the population, the first year of secondary school parallel 'G' was selected as the study sample for convenience. In this context, a documentary review of other research was conducted to identify the need for the implementation of cooperative learning activities that enhance reading comprehension in English. The research process was developed using an exploratory approach with a qualitative methodology, which enabled the analysis of the contributions of cooperative learning activities to the reading comprehension of texts in English through the application of classroom observation techniques and interviews with English teachers at the institution mentioned. The data analysis revealed that cooperative learning has a significant impact on the development of reading comprehension skills in the target age group. This is because it fosters active participation, critical thinking and improves linguistic competence. Furthermore, the cooperative learning environment positively influences students' attitudes towards learning English, leading to increased motivation and confidence in their language skills. These results demonstrate the importance of applying cooperative learning methodologies to facilitate English language acquisition and comprehension in adolescent students.