Observation Rubric Research Articles

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pakat Melalui Model Pbl Pada Peserta Didik Sd Negeri 6 Salaon Toba

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education (PAKAT) through the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model among students at SD Negeri 6 Salaon Toba. The background of this research is the low learning outcomes of students in PAKAT, caused by the lack of active student engagement in the learning process and teaching methods that do not support the development of students' character competencies in line with Pancasila values. This study uses Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles at SD Negeri 6 Salaon Toba, with the research subjects being 14 Phase B Grade IV students, focusing on the topic "Jesus Proclaims the Kingdom of God through Parables." The research was conducted in September 2024. Data collection techniques include observation sheets, learning outcome tests, and affective observation rubrics. The research focuses not only on improving academic performance but also on developing student character in line with the Pancasila Student Profile, such as critical thinking, collaboration, independence, and faith in God Almighty. The results show that the application of the PBL model significantly improves students' learning outcomes and supports the development of the Pancasila Student Profile. In the first cycle, students' average learning outcomes increased by 10%, and in the second cycle, by 20%. Additionally, students demonstrated improvements in critical thinking, group collaboration, and responsibility in completing tasks. This study indicates that the PBL model is effective in enhancing PAKAT learning outcomes while simultaneously supporting character development in line with Pancasila values. Educators are encouraged to continue applying this learning model to integrate academic achievement and character development.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pak Dengan Model PBL Berbantuan LKPD Fase C Kelas 5 SDN 102005 Durian Tinggung

This study aims to determine the improvement of cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the dimensions of Faith, Devotion to God Almighty and Mutual Cooperation through the PBL model for students at SD Negeri 102005 Durian Tinggung. This type of research is classroom action research with research steps, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This study consists of two cycles. The research location is at SD Negeri 102005 Durian Tinggung. For grade V students with the material King David the Wise As. The time of the study was carried out in September 2024. The data collection technique used a learning outcome test and an affective observation rubric. The data analysis technique used a quantitative descriptive technique. From the results of the study, there was an increase in cognitive learning outcomes by 35% in the Proficient criteria and 45% in the Proficient criteria and 20% in the Eligible criteria. Affective Learning Outcomes using the PBL learning model have been proven to improve the affective learning outcomes of students at SD Negeri 102005 Durian Tinggung on the material King David the Wise. The results of the improvement can be seen from the number of students in cycle I, 100% of whom entered the Proficient criteria and in cycle II there was a significant change, namely 100% entered the Proficient criteria.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pakat dengan Model PBL pada Materi Sepuluh Perintah Allah Kelas IV SD Santa Veronika Pekanbaru

This study aims to examine the improvement of cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the creative dimension through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model among students at Santa Veronika Elementary School in Pekanbaru. The research is based on the issue of students' diverse religious backgrounds, which makes it difficult for them to understand the context and relevance of the Ten Commandments in everyday life. Additionally, the monotonous teaching methods contribute to low interest and poor learning outcomes. There is also a need to enhance students' social skills and piety towards God within the context of Catholic Religious Education (PAK) and character development. This research is a classroom action research consisting of four steps: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection in each cycle. The study was conducted over two cycles at Santa Veronika Elementary School in Pekanbaru, with fourth-grade students learning about the Ten Commandments as a guide for life. The study took place in September 2024. Data collection techniques included learning outcome tests and affective observation rubrics that assess the dimensions of faith, piety towards God, noble character, and teamwork. The data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive techniques. The results of the first cycle showed an improvement in students' learning outcomes and involvement, but the target was not fully achieved. In the second cycle, there was a significant increase in both learning outcomes and students' affective engagement. The study demonstrated a 30% increase in learning outcomes and student participation in PAK lessons. This research is expected to provide solutions to the low learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education, particularly in the subject of the Ten Commandments for fourth-grade students at Santa Veronika Elementary School in Pekanbaru.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pak dengan Model PBL Materi Aku Pribadi yang Unik Fase B Kelas IV SD RK ST Maria Pakkat

This study aims to determine the improvement of cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the dimensions of faith and devotion to God Almighty and Mutual Cooperation through the PBL model in students at SD RK ST MARIA PAKKAT. This type of research is classroom action research with research steps, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This study consists of two cycles. The place of research at SD RK ST MARIA PAKKAT. in grade IV students with the material I AM A UNIQUE PERSON. The time of the study was carried out in September 2024. The data collection technique used the Learning Outcome test and affective observation rubric. The data analysis technique used quantitative descriptive techniques. From the results of the study, there was an increase in cognitive learning outcomes by 20% in the Proficient criteria and 5% in the Proficient criteria. Affective Learning Outcomes using the PBL learning model have been proven to improve the affective learning outcomes of students at SD RK ST MARIA PAKKAT on the material I AM A UNIQUE PERSON. The results of the improvement can be seen from the number of students in cycle I, 75% of whom entered the Proficient criteria and in cycle II there was a significant change, namely 92% entered the Proficient criteria.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik Melalui Model PBL pada Siswa SD Negeri Jagalan Surakarta

This research aims to determine the increase in cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the dimensions of personal and creative morals through the PBL model for students at Jagalan State Elementary School, Surakarta. This type of research is classroom action research with research steps namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This research consists of two cycles. The research location was at Jagalan Surakarta State Elementary School for class IV students with material on the Ten Commandments of God as a Guide to Life. The research was carried out in September 2024. Data collection techniques used learning outcomes tests and affective observation rubrics. The data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive techniques. From the research results, there was an increase in cognitive learning outcomes of 27.5% in the Proficient criteria and 12.5% ​​in the Capable criteria. Affective learning outcomes using the PBL learning model have been proven to improve the affective learning outcomes of students at Jagalan Surakarta State Elementary School on the Ten Commandments of Allah as a Guide to Life. The results of the increase can be seen from the number of students in cycle I who were 100% in the Eligible criteria and in cycle II there was a significant change, namely 67.5% were in the proficient criteria and 37.5% were in the proficient criteria.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pakat Melalui Model PBL pada Siswa SD Negeri Kutowinangun 08 Salatiga

This research aims to determine the improvement of cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the dimensions of faith in God Almighty and Mutual Cooperation through the PBL model for students at SD Negeri Kutowinangun 08. This type of research is classroom action research with research steps including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection in each cycle. This study consists of two cycles. The research location is SD Negeri Kutowinangun 08 Salatiga, focusing on fourth-grade students with the material "Ten Commandments of God as Life Guidelines". The research was conducted in September 2024. Data collection techniques used learning outcome tests and affective observation rubrics. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. From the research results, there is an increase in cognitive learning outcomes by 20% in the Proficient criteria and 5% in the Competent criteria. Affective learning outcomes using the PBL learning model have been proven to improve students' affective learning outcomes at SD Negeri Kutowinangun 08 Salatiga on the material "Ten Commandments of God as Life Guidelines". The improvement can be seen from the number of students in cycle I, where 100% fell into the Competent criteria, and in cycle II there was a significant change with 100% falling into the Proficient criteria.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik Melalui Model PBL Pada Siswa Kelas II Fase A dalam Materi Bahtera Nuh di SD Xaverius 2 Jambi

This research aims to determine the increase in cognitive and affective learning outcomes in the dimensions of critical thinking through the PBL model for students at SD Xaverius 2 Jambi. The research is based on the research problem, namely the low level of student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education lessons. This type of research is classroom action research with research steps namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle. This research consists of two cycles. The research location was at SD Xaverius 2 Jambi for class IIC students with Noah's Ark material. The research was carried out in September 2024. Data collection techniques used learning outcomes tests and affective observation rubrics for critical thinking dimensions. The data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive techniques. The results of the first cycle of research showed that there were 25 students (74%) who got scores above the KKTP (70%), while there were 9 students (26%) who got scores below the KKTP. The results of the second cycle of research were that students had achieved 100% KKM. This means that if the PBL learning model is implemented well and consistently it will improve student learning outcomes.

Mapping Epistemic Orientation and Rigor of Classroom Instruction in Secondary Science Classrooms During Long-Term Professional Development

ABSTRACT As part of a larger effort to understand the impact of professional development (PD) on teachers’ thinking and practice, this research explores changes in epistemic orientation (and associated practices) of one cohort of secondary science teachers as they were involved in a two-year longitudinal PD focused on supporting students in argumentation. Through a mixed methods approach (including survey data, teacher interviews, and classroom observations), we sought to document shifts in science teachers’ beliefs and classroom practices. The Epistemic Orientation toward Teaching Science surveys were administered at three-time points to measure teachers’ epistemic orientation. To measure classroom practices, we recorded teachers’ enactments of activities designed during the PD. The instructional rigor of their classroom practices was described using the Instructional Quality Assessment Science Observation Rubrics (IQA-SOR) across four stages of a task: task potential, task launch, task implementation, and student discussion at the task’s close. Findings suggest that changes in epistemic orientation occurred for teachers who engaged in 2 years of PD, and these beliefs were reflected in the rigor of their instructional practices. Further, our findings suggest that 1 year of professional development was insufficient to engender such changes in teachers’ epistemic orientation or instructional practices.

Teacher Performance Level to Guide Students in Inquiry-Based Scientific Learning

The strategies employed by teachers and students in the open inquiry-based learning approach are crucial, especially when presenting researchable questions formulated by students under the guidance of the teacher. This effectively promotes the teaching and learning of various disciplines. Participant observation was conducted in the science classroom for secondary education teachers to establish the level achieved by teachers in the development of the open inquiry-based learning experience and to identify the taxonomic level of researchable questions (RQs). An observation rubric was applied, revealing that 83% of in-service teachers reached a satisfactory level, while 67% of pre-service teachers were classified as unsatisfactory in terms of using the open inquiry-based approach. Both groups formulated high-order inquiry questions, with a clear inclination in favor of in-service teachers compared to pre-service teachers. These results highlight the importance of university training in focusing on inquiry skills, particularly in planning, inferences, and evaluation. Through this observational analysis, valuable information about the current state of open inquiry-based learning is contributed, advancing science education in Peru.

The conceptualisation implies the statistical model: implications for measuring domains of teaching quality

ABSTRACT Classroom observation rubrics are a widely adopted tool for measuring the quality of teaching and provide stable conceptualisations of teaching quality that facilitate empirical research. Here, we present four statistical approaches for analysing data from classroom observations: Factor analysis, Rasch modelling, latent class or profile analysis, and formative measurement models. Each statistical model conceptualises the latent variable differently, which may or may not align with the observation rubric’s conceptualisation of teaching quality. We discuss the differences across these models, focusing on the alignment between the rubric’s conceptualisation of teaching quality and the model’s modelling of the latent variable. We discuss the need to align model selection with observation rubric so that the measured teaching quality reflects the theoretically conceptualised teaching quality.

Pengaruh Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Pembelajaran Ppkn Sebagai Optimalisasi Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Education is an important activity for every person to be able to develop the potential that exists within him. Currently, the curriculum applied to education in Indonesia uses the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. The Merdeka Belajar curriculum has a system where teachers and students can of course have the freedom to learn independently, be creative and innovate. In the Merdeka Belajar curriculum, of course, there are subjects studied by students, one of these subjects is PPKn. The aim of this research is to determine the optimization of the character of elementary school students in PPKn learning based on the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. The type of research used is quantitative, the data collection procedure begins with determining the sample using test techniques, questionnaires, observation rubrics, documentation, as well as the research population and sample, namely class IV students at SDN Balas Klumprik 1 Surabaya. The results of the research show that the Merdeka Belajar curriculum in PPKn learning has an influence in optimizing the character formation of elementary school students. In the conclusion of the research, the influence of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum on PPKn learning as optimizing student character formation in elementary schools is that students are able to optimize character formation in PPKn subjects based on the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5) with the dimension of working together and doing it in life. real.

Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Menumbuhkan Penguasaan Konsep, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, dan Sikap Hormat Peserta Didik Kelas III di Sekolah XYZ

Education is defined as a conscious and planned activity through a learning process that can help develop individual potential. Self-potential includes spiritual strength, intelligence, noble character, self-control, personality, and skills needed for individuals and society. XYX School has a school vision that is respect and critical thinking, but this has not been reflected in students. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of the Problem Based Learning model in improving mastery of mathematics concepts, critical thinking skills and respectful attitudes of 3rd grade students at XYZ school. The research method used is classroom action research. The research instruments used were written tests to measure mastery of mathematical concepts and observation rubrics to measure critical thinking skills. The results showed that there was an increase in the mastery of mathematical concepts of students by 30%. An increase in critical thinking skills was also obtained with an N-gain value of 0.50 during the study. The increase in respectful attitude can be seen from the N-gain value obtained of 0.41 during the study. It can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning model can improve concept mastery, critical thinking skills and respectful attitude in mathematics lessons for grade 3 students of XYZ school.

Development of an Android-Based Rhythmicgym Application to Improve Rhythmic Gymnastics Skills of Junior High School Students in Yogyakarta

Aim of this research aim to develop an Android-based Rhythmicgym application to improve the rhythmic gymnastics skills of Yogyakarta City Middle School students. Method of this research use development (R&D). This research procedure adapts the ADDIE development model ( analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). The research subjects were divided into three groups, namely: (1) three expert lecturers (2) small-scale tests were tested on 36 students and one Physical Education teacher, (3) large-scale tests were tested on 72 students and one Education teacher Physical. Data collection instruments used questionnaires and observation rubrics. The data analysis technique in the validation test uses Aiken V analysis, the feasibility test questionnaire is analyzed using a Likert scale Results The results of the material and media instrument validation tests obtained an average Aiken V value of 0.883 and 0.937 respectively with a very high validity category . The results of the instrument reliability test for material and media instruments respectively with Cronbach's Alpha values of 0.761 and 0.652 mean that the instrument is declared reliable. The results of small-scale trials on 36 students and one Physical Education teacher showed a percentage of 78% in the appropriate category. The results of a large-scale trial that was tested on 72 students and one Physical Education Teacher showed a percentage of 81% with a very feasible category. Conclusion Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the Android-based RhytmicGym application is declared valid, reliable, feasible, practical and effective for improving the rhythmic gymnastics skills of Yogyakarta City Middle School students.

Seeing Through the Eyes of Classroom Observers: The Case of Rating Contrasted Groups of Lessons With Classroom Observation Measures

Classroom observations are commonly employed to assess quality of instruction in research and practice in mathematics education. However, there is more to be learned about how sensitive classroom observation protocols are to exemplars of strong mathematics instruction, and continuous refinements to observation protocols or rating processes that may be warranted. In this study, we use the public-released mathematics videos from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) to examine how classroom observers, using two contemporary classroom observation instruments, rate a set of lessons whose instructional quality is in theory expected to differ, also referred to as contrasted groups. We find that descriptively, the pattern of findings is distinct from prior studies’ conclusions about the relative instructional quality reflected in the TIMSS video pool. We provide qualitative examples to illustrate the findings, and discuss implications for future research. We point to the potential value of exploring classroom observation rubrics’ performance using ‘contrasted groups’ of lesson videos, as a tool to broaden our understanding of how observation instruments are functioning.

A Taxonomy of Subjective Control: Teachers‘ Narrative Accounts of a Teacher Evaluation System

Background or Context: Federal and state reforms have expanded accountability systems for school districts, schools, and teachers. However, there is little evidence that the implementation of new teacher evaluation systems relying on measures of student learning and measures of teaching practice, with differentiated performance categories and rewards and sanctions, have had broad positive influences on teaching practice and student learning. Purpose, Objective, Research Question, or Focus of Study: We seek to contribute to an understanding of the modest influence of teacher evaluation systems by focusing on the targets of the policies—teachers—and how they experience the evaluation systems. Drawing on principal-agent theory and control-value theory, each of which suggests that teacher control over their performance evaluations influences their behavioral responses to them, we develop a taxonomy of teachers’ narratives of their subjective control of their evaluations. Research Design: We interviewed 141 New York City teachers working in 27 traditional elementary, middle, and high schools in the 2015–16 school year, asking about their experiences with Advance, the New York City annual teacher evaluation system. We developed a thematic analysis system for coding and analyzing the interviews that began with a set of categories reflective of the larger project’s research questions and prior research on performance evaluation in general and teacher evaluation in particular. All told, we coded 4,077 excerpts from the 141 teacher interviews, an average of about 29 excerpts per interview. Findings: Seventy-one percent of the teachers in our sample indicated that they had no control over some aspect of their teacher evaluation ratings. Teachers noted three areas in their ratings that they deemed out of their control: other people’s behaviors, notably students, teachers, and the administrators observing and rating their classroom practice; the technology of teacher evaluation, especially the features of observation rubrics and student assessments, and for some teachers, statistical models; and the broader social context of the school, particularly the resources available to support teachers and students and the uncertainties of students’ home lives. A small number of teachers noted their control over their teaching practices and control over their own thoughts and behaviors. Conclusions or Recommendations: This study was situated in New York City at a time when many teachers believed the teacher evaluation system was designed to be punitive. Under these circumstances, teachers’ responses to the evaluation system hinge on their trust in school leadership and their perceptions of how much voice they have in the design and implementation of the system. This trust is enhanced when teachers have confidence that principals are able to observe their practice accurately and consistently.

How might rubric-based observations better support teacher learning and development?

ABSTRACT Background Many education systems internationally expect schools to participate in continuous instructional improvement programmes. One tool used within these processes is the structured, rubric-based classroom observation, focused on the evaluation of teaching. Such observations are a common feature of formative evaluation systems, teacher coaching programmes, within-school teacher collaborative structures, and other local, regional or national frameworks. However, a question arises as to how rubric-based observations may better support teacher learning and development. Purpose and sources Drawing on existing theoretical arguments and empirical work, this paper seeks to contribute to discussion about rubric-based classroom observation and its relationship with teacher learning and instructional improvement. Main arguments Observation rubrics can be regarded as summaries of a community’s understanding of good instruction. When generated in a way that makes this understanding accessible to teachers in the context of their own practice, they have the potential to place the rubric’s, and teachers’, understandings of good teaching ‘in conversation’ with each other. This could provide valuable opportunities for teachers to refine and expand their understandings of good instruction. Embedding rubric-based observations in school structures can, thus, facilitate continuous improvement efforts by better supporting teacher self-reflection, feedback, and collaboration. However, many uses of observation within school contexts tend to prioritise the rubric’s, rather than teachers’, understanding of good teaching. This risks turning observations from tools of learning into tools of judgement, disrupting the pathway through which they might support teacher learning and instructional improvement. Conclusion Our discussion draws attention to the potential benefits yielded and the challenges that may occur in using rubric-based observations to support teacher learning. It highlights factors that need consideration in efforts to leverage rubric-based observations to better promote continuous teacher learning, ultimately positively influencing student learning.

Identifying the Level of Teacher's Maturity in the Impactful Technology Use (ITU) in Abu Dhabi Public Schools

The effectiveness of using educational technology in the education system, especially in math and science, has been the subject of many research projects due to its importance. However, it is clear that in many classrooms, teachers lack maturity in using technology effectively. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to assess the level of Impactful Technology Use (ITU) among science and math teachers in public schools in the Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi. A mixed-methods approach was used, specifically a concurrent triangulation design, with a sample of 89 science and math teachers selected through purposive sampling. The data collected included teacher questionnaires, lesson observation rubrics, teacher interviews, and class observations. The findings demonstrate a high level of maturity among teachers in their use of technology, as evidenced by their ability to meet the six conditions of ITU. This success can be attributed to the support and professional development provided by the Ministry of Education and other organizations. The research proposes a rubric framework for enhancing and measuring ITU, which can be utilized by education professionals to effectively incorporate technology and improve student learning outcomes. This study holds significant implications for teachers, school leadership teams, and educational governing bodies as it promotes a better understanding of how to achieve impactful use of educational technology. The researcher concludes that higher levels of teacher maturity are crucial in creating the necessary conditions for ITU and recommends further research to test and apply the findings to other subject areas.

Collaborative Problem-Solving in Sustainable Introductory Physics with Peatlands-Smart Project Course Semester Learning Plan

Education is one of the factors that prepare societies to handle climate change. Humanity must step up efforts to reduce greenhouse emissions and prepare humanity for future crises. The development and validation the SLP of the SIP-SPP course is an effort to mitigate climate change through physics learning. The Plomp development design with three main stages: preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment to produces valid, practical, and effective semester learning plan products. The characteristics of the resulting semester learning plan product are the learning objective of adopting the thirteenth SDGs is climate change mitigation, adopting EfSD competencies are CPS, assessment learning objectives with environmental literacy questionnaires and CPS performance observation rubrics in groups, learning activities based on peatland-smart projects, learning content heat and thermodynamics, peatlands, climate change, and region. SLP is valid and reliable according to experts and practitioners, practical and easy to use, and can improve the CPS of prospective physics teacher students. SLP of SIP-SPP needs to be developed and validated to make it easier for lecturers and science lecturers, especially physics, to adopt SDGs and EfSD in learning. Environmental literacy of prospective teacher students will be a mitigation of climate change.

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI MICROTEACHING DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN DASAR MENGAJAR CALON GURU IPS

The objective of this study was to examine how microteaching is implemented to enhance the fundamental teaching skills of future Social Studies teachers. This research employed a quantitative descriptive approach, utilizing observation rubrics and performance assessment as data collection methods. The study's sample was 18 students enrolled in the Social Studies Teaching program. The results revealed increased scores on essential teaching skills during the second performance. The detailed evaluation covers questioning skills at 72.5, reinforcement skills at 71.7, variation skills at 73.1, explanation skills at 75.4, opening and closing lesson skills at 75.4, discussion and small group skills at 69.5, class management and discipline skills at 73, individual teaching skills at 75.7, and lesson plan preparation skills at 78.8. In summary, prospective Social Studies teachers have effectively developed their teaching skills. However, further guidance is essential, particularly in discussion and small group management.

An analysis of the interplay between affective and cognitive components of teacher identity among native and non-native EFL in-service trainees

The present study aims to explore the affective and cognitive components teacher identity by examining the EFL teachers’ and in-service trainers’ attitudes toward in-service professional development training process at a private university in Turkey. The participants, who were selected through convenient sampling, consist of native and non-native EFL instructors; EFL in-service trainees (N=6) and teacher trainers; EFL in-service teacher trainers (N=2). The data was collected via semi-structured interviews conducted with the teachers and Behavior Observation Rubric completed by teacher trainers. In the first phase, EFL teacher trainees were observed in class and given post observation feedback by in-service teacher trainers, who completed the rubric evaluating the reactions of the teachers to four categories: (1) Attitude to feedback, (2) Response to feedback, (3) Behavior, and (4) Independent work. In the second phase, teachers were interviewed about their perceptions of the in-service training process; Interview data (qualitative data) were analyzed through content analysis, while descriptive statistics (frequency) was used to analyze Behavior Observation Rubric scores (quantitative data). The findings indicated differences between native and non-native EFL instructors (trainees). According to interviews, native EFL instructors felt more enthusiastic about professional development sessions compared to non-native EFL teachers due to several educational background, cultural differences and so on. This was supported by the results from the Behavior Observation Rubric, which revealed higher scores for native EFL instructors than for non-native instructors in terms of attitude to feedback, response to feedback, behavior, and independent work during the professional development; observation process. / Keywords: native vs. non-native EFL instructors, teacher identity, EFL in-service trainees