Obese Individuals Research Articles

Exploring clinical parameters and salivary microbiome profiles associated with metabolic syndrome in a population of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Exploring clinical parameters and salivary microbiome profiles associated with metabolic syndrome in a population of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

LINC00278 and BRG1: A key regulatory axis in male obesity and preadipocyte adipogenesis.

LINC00278 and BRG1: A key regulatory axis in male obesity and preadipocyte adipogenesis.

Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification Based on Degree of Obesity and Age Group in Korean Adults: Analysis of Kangbuk Samsung Health Study Data.

Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification Based on Degree of Obesity and Age Group in Korean Adults: Analysis of Kangbuk Samsung Health Study Data.

Association between a healthy lifestyle and dementia in older adults with obesity: A prospective study in the UK biobank.

Association between a healthy lifestyle and dementia in older adults with obesity: A prospective study in the UK biobank.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, as potential (off-label) anti-obesity agents and effects on cardiovascular risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, they have also been reported to be effective in weight loss. We conducted a meta-analysis to consolidate evidence from randomized clinical trials assessing the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, as potential anti-obesity agents, on cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese participants. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials involving SGLT2 inhibitors that reported cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese individuals. Random-effects models and inverse variance weighting were used to calculate relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We extracted and analyzed the data from 7 studies, representing 17,810 participants treated with SGLT2 inhibitors and 14,876 participants treated with placebo. The risk of cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure, significantly decreased by ~27.8% in participants treated with SGLT2 inhibitors, compared to the placebo group (relative risk = 0.722; 95% CI 0.639-0.821). Significant improvements in cardiovascular outcomes can be expected when SGLT2 inhibitors are used to treat diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure in overweight and obese individuals.

Time-restricted feeding mitigates HFD-induced sarcopenic obesity in aging mice through improving the sensitivity of FGF21.

Time-restricted feeding mitigates HFD-induced sarcopenic obesity in aging mice through improving the sensitivity of FGF21.

Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with keloids: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with keloids: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Effects of High-Intensity Intermittent Training Combined with Asparagus officinalis Extract Supplementation on Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Function Parameters in Obese and Overweight Individuals: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: High-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) has been proven to improve cardio-metabolic and respiratory health outcomes. In addition, 20-hydroxyecdysone from plant extracts has been studied for its anabolic effects. However, studies examining these two interventions in individuals who are obese or overweight are limited. This study, thus, examined the effects of HIIT combined with Asparagus officinalis (A. officinalis) extract supplementation on cardiovascular and pulmonary function parameters in obese and overweight individuals. Methods: Seventy-two obese and overweight participants were randomized into four groups (n = 18 each): the control (CON) group; HIIT group (HIIT for 3 days/week); AOE (A. officinalis extract) group (supplementation with 20E at 1.71 mg/kg/day); and HIIT + AOE group. Pre- and 12-week post-intervention measures included heart rate (HR), HR variability, endothelial function, blood pressure (BP), BP variability, pulmonary function and volume, respiratory muscle strength, chest expansion, and body composition. Results: The HIIT + AOE group showed better HR variability with higher high-frequency power and a lower low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (both p = 0.038) compared to the CON group. The peak blood flow increased in both the HIIT (p = 0.03) and HIIT + AOE (p = 0.028) groups, but only the HIIT group had a shorter vascular recovery time (p = 0.048). The maximum expiratory pressure was increased in both the HIIT and HIIT + AOE groups compared to the CON group (p = 0.029 and p = 0.041). The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity, the percent-predicted FEV1/FVC, and chest wall expansion were higher in the HIIT + AOE group than in the CON group (p = 0.047, p = 0.038, and p = 0.001). The waist-to-hip ratio was lower in the HIIT + AOE group than in the CON group (p = 0.043). There were no significant differences in HR, BP, BP variability, or pulmonary volume parameters among groups. Conclusions: The combination of HIIT with A. officinalis extract supplementation markedly improves HR variability. Moreover, it also greatly improves expiratory muscle strength, chest wall expansion, pulmonary function, and body composition parameters in obese and overweight individuals.

Interferon regulatory factor 3 beyond innate immunity: Regulation in obesity and metabolic disorders.

Interferon regulatory factor 3 beyond innate immunity: Regulation in obesity and metabolic disorders.

Yoga in Obesity Management: Reducing cardiovascular risk and enhancing well-being- A review of the current literature.

Yoga in Obesity Management: Reducing cardiovascular risk and enhancing well-being- A review of the current literature.

Impaired Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Associated with Visceral Adiposity Leads to Insulin Resistance: The Core Defect in Diabetes Mellitus.

The Central nervous system (CNS) is the prime regulator of signaling pathways whose function includes regulation of food intake (consumption), energy expenditure, and other metabolic responses like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and thermogenesis that have been implicated in chronic inflammatory disorders. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are two metabolic disorders that are linked together and have become an epidemic worldwide, thus raising significant public health concerns. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone with pleiotropic metabolic effects that increase insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure by elevating thermogenesis in brown or beige adipocytes, thus reducing body weight and sugar intake. In contrast, during starvation conditions, FGF21 induces its expression in the liver to initiate glucose homeostasis. Insulin resistance is one of the main anomalies caused by impaired FGF21 signaling, which also causes abnormal regulation of other signaling pathways. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the cytokine released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation, is regarded major factor that reduces the expression of FGF21 and modulates underlying insulin resistance that causes imbalanced glucose homeostasis. This review aims to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the development of insulin resistance in obese individuals as well as the fundamental flaw in type 2 diabetes, which is malfunctioning obese adipose tissue.

Exploring associations among pro-inflammatory cytokines, osteoarthritis, and gut microbiome composition in individuals with obesity using machine learning.

Exploring associations among pro-inflammatory cytokines, osteoarthritis, and gut microbiome composition in individuals with obesity using machine learning.

Effect of obesity on the survival outcomes among Indian women with breast cancer.

e12558 Background: Studies have reported increased risk of breast cancer (BC) with obesity in Indian population and few studies also highlighted the association of Body Mass Index (BMI) with BC types and chemotherapy response. However, no study till date has reported the effect of obesity on the survival outcomes among Indian women with BC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of women registered at our institute with a diagnosis of BC between years 2013-2024. Along with demographic, clinical and tumor characteristics, baseline weight and height were retrieved from the medical records. Primary outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survivals (OS). Cox-regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to examine the association of BMI with survival outcomes. Results: Study sample consisted of 1303 women with BC. Median age of the study cohort is 46years and 42% were postmenopausal. Fifty-one percent of the cases were Hormone receptor (HR) positive and Her2Neu negative, followed by 29.4% (HR+ and Her2Neu+), 14.5% (TNBC) and 5.3% (HR- and Her2Neu+). AJCC-Stage I & II tumors consisted of 42.6%, followed by 41.1% Stage-III and 16.3% Stage IV tumors. Forty-one percent were obese (BMI>27.5kg/m 2 ) and 35% were overweight (BMI: 23-27.5kg/m 2 ). Fifty percent of postmenopausal women were obese at time of presentation compared to 34.5% of premenopausal women (p<0.001). Proportions of those with ECOG score ≥2 and with one or more comorbidity were significantly high among obese group compared to other BMI categories (p<0.05). Family history of cancer, clinical stage, HR/Her2Neu receptor status and type of surgery received did not vary across the BMI categories. Median DFS for overweight (110 months) and obese (107.2 months) individuals was significantly lower compared to normal/underweight individuals (194 months). After adjusting for menopausal status, comorbidity, clinical stage and receptor status; BMI≥27.5 was significantly associated with poor DFS [aHR(95%CI):1.78(1.25-2.55), p=0.002]. Premenopausal status, Stage>II and ECOG score≥2 were associated with poor DFS. Among those with non-metastatic breast cancer at time of presentation, BMI≥27.5 was associated with poor overall survival [aHR(95%CI):1.91(1.01-3.63), p=0.047], however, BMI was not associated with overall survival among those who with metastatic breast cancer. The effect of BMI on the survival outcomes didn’t vary by menopausal status and receptor status. Conclusions: BMI is independent predictor of survival among Indian women with BC. Clinical trials with multimodal therapeutic approaches including nutritional and lifestyle interventions are required to improve the survival outcomes among obese women with BC.

Role of TyG, TyG-BMI and METS-IR in osteoporosis risk among older men: a retrospective cohort study.

Obese and diabetic individuals tend to have insulin resistance, but are less like-ly to develop osteoporosis. The association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) related indices with osteoporosis remains controversial, and longitudinal evidence exploring the male osteoporosis (MOP) is limited. This study aims to examine TyG, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) with osteoporosis risk among older men. A cohort study based on 1622 middle-aged and older men in 2015 was conducted, and followed up until 2022. Participants with oste-oporosis and admittedly secondary risk factors were excluded. TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR and corresponding quantiles were calculated. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to estimate their performance in osteoporosis screening. 72 of 1622 participants were newly developed OP during the 9317 person-years. The adjusted HRs of TyG, TyG-BMI, and METS-IR for MOP were 0.573 (95%CI 0.336-0.976), 0.991 (95%CI 0.984-0.999) and 0.929 (95%CI 0.892-0.968), respectively, and pre-sented at linear dose-response relationships. Subgroup analysis showed that the estimated benefit for MOP incidence was consistent among participants aged more than 70 years and related to BMI and eating mount of milk, fresh fruit and vegetables. No difference was found in the area under ROC curve for screening osteo-porosis, ranging from 0.585 to 0.617. TyG and relevant indices were associated with the inci-dence of osteoporosis in the senile men, and the relationship was thought to correlate with BMI and nutritional behaviors.

Defective protein persulfidation is involved in obesity associated skeletal muscle dysfunction: role of SIRT-1.

Defective protein persulfidation is involved in obesity associated skeletal muscle dysfunction: role of SIRT-1.

Impact of obesity on clinical outcomes in patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism: A comparative analysis.

Impact of obesity on clinical outcomes in patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism: A comparative analysis.

Association of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists with cancer risk in obesity adults with and without diabetes: A target trial emulation study.

10508 Background: The use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) has substantially expended given their remarkable benefits in managing obesity. Yet, their impact on long-term cancer risk remains unclear, with existing real-world evidence being limited and yielding conflicting results. Methods: This retrospective cohort study followed a target trial emulation design using 2014–2024 OneFlorida+ electronic health records (EHR) data. Adults (≥18 years) eligible for anti-obesity medications (AOMs) and without a cancer history were included. We compared GLP-RA users vs. non-users, with 1:1 propensity score matching applied to balance baseline factors between the two groups. The primary outcomes include the incidence of 16 obesity-associated cancers (liver, thyroid, pancreatic, bladder, colorectal, lung, kidney, breast, endometrial, meningioma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, gallbladder, upper stomach, ovarian, multiple myeloma, and prostate), assessed over a follow-up period of up to 10 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and cumulative incidences were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results: After matching, 43,317 GLP-1RA users were compared with 43,315 non-users. The incidence rates of the 16 cancers were 20.5 versus 23.6 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, indicating a significantly lower overall cancer risk among GLP-1RA users (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.76–0.91]) compared to non-users. In particular, GLP-1RA use was associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.57–0.99]), ovarian cancer (HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.29–0.96]), meningioma (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.48–0.97]), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.12–0.94]). However, GLP-1RA users showed a trend toward an increased risk of kidney cancer (HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 0.99–1.93]), particularly among the younger adults (≤65 years) and overweight patients (BMI 27–29.9). Conclusions: In this large cohort of real-world obesity population with and without diabetes, GLP-1RA use was associated with an overall reduction in obesity-related cancer risk, as well as lower risks of several specific cancers. However, a potential elevated risk of kidney cancer, especially in younger or moderately obese individuals, highlights the need for targeted surveillance and longer-term follow-up to clarify the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings.

A Comparative Study Of Physiological Cost Index In Forward Treadmill Walking Versus Retro Treadmill Walking In Obese Class 1 Individuals

Background:- Retro (backward) walking has been shown to enhance cardiovascular endurance and musculoskeletal fitness. The treadmill is a commonly used and easily accessible tool for physical fitness training. Previous research supports the positive effects of backward walking on muscle activation. However, no study to date has compared the physiological cost index (PCI) between forward and backward treadmill walking in Class I obese individuals. Study design:- Cross sectional study Objective:- To compare the physiological cost index during forward and backward treadmill walking in Class I obese young adults. Materials and Methodology:- A total of 108 young adults (both male and female) with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 kg/m² participated voluntarily. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: 55 individuals performed forward treadmill walking, and 53 performed backward treadmill walking at their self-selected comfortable walking speed. Resting heart rate and walking heart rate were recorded before and after treadmill activity. PCI was calculated using MacGregor’s formula: PCI = (Walking HR - Resting HR) / Walking Speed Results:- A significant difference in PCI was observed between the two groups. • Backward walking group: Mean PCI = 0.7364 • Forward walking group: Mean PCI = 0.5865 • P-value: 0.0049 This indicates that energy expenditure was significantly greater during backward treadmill walking compared to forward walking. Conclusion:- Backward treadmill walking results in a significantly higher physiological cost index than forward walking in young adults with Class I obesity. This suggests increased energy demand and potential benefits for weight management and cardiovascular conditioning through retro walking.

Effect of Cola and Energy Drink Consumption on Blood Glucose Levels of Non-Obese and Obese Medical Students

Objective: To compare blood glucose levels, prior and later to cola/energy drink consumption, between non-obese and obese individuals and to correlate them with anthropometric indices of obesity. Study Design: Quasi-Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Nishtar Medical University-Multan, from Aug 2023 and Feb 2024. Methodology: A total of 108 medical students were categorized as non-obese males (NOMs), non-obese females (NOFs), obese males (OMs) and obese females (OFs), with each of four groups having 27 individuals, whose adiposity and fasting glycemic status was assessed as-per World-Health-Organization standards. To observe effect of cola drink on post-prandial glycemic index, 250 ml of Cola Drink was administered to all study groups in a fasting status while same quantity of Energy Drink was used to observe effect of energy-drink at another occasion. Results: 108 subjects were assessed. Though fasting glucose level of NOMs and NOFs pre-cola/energy-drink1 intake were not significantly different from obese participants, glucose levels later to cola/energy drink intake were significantly different [(p=0.000, p=0.000) and (p=0.000, p=0.000) respectively] with energy drink leading to more marked post-prandial hyperglycemia within obese subjects. Post-cola and energy drink glucose levels within OMs and OFs showed a significant positive correlation with both BMI and WHR [(r=0.394, p=0.042), (r=0.470, p=0.013) and (r=0.404, p=0.037), (r=0.496, p=0.008)] and [(r=0.433, p=0.024), (r=0.496, p=0.009) and (r=0.469, p=0.014), (r=0.507, p=0.007)]. Conclusion: Energy drinks induce marked post-prandial hyperglycemia predominantly in obese individuals.

Socio-economic contextual determinants and behavioral changes during pregnancy: evidence from the "MAMI-MED" cohort

BackgroundPregnancy is a period marked by significant physiological and psychological changes in women and increased fetal nutritional requirements, necessitating maternal adaptation and behavior modifications. Clinicians and health institutions recommend pregnant women engage in healthy practices, such as smoking and alcohol cessation, folic acid consumption, vaccinations, and the like. As behavioral changes in general, the individual's conduct during pregnancy is also influenced not only by personal socio-economic status but also by the socio-economic conditions of the individual's area of residence. This mechanism is recognized by the social epidemiological approach and relates to the concept of neighborhood effect on individual health-related choices. Leveraging such considerations, the work aims to explore the association between selected behaviors recommended by clinicians during pregnancy and specific contextual variables in the residential areas where pregnant women live.MethodsData from the "MAMI-MED" cohort, recruiting pregnant women during the first prenatal visit at a hospital in Catania (Italy), were analyzed. The cohort provides a valuable resource for investigating the relationship between various exposures during pregnancy and the health outcomes of both mothers and infants. Geocoding techniques were employed to link individual-level data to selected contextual variables related to education, income, unemployment, and housing costs in the participants' residential areas. Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis tests, logistic regressions and mixtures of regressions models with concomitant variables are implemented 1) to investigate the associations between contextual covariates and individual responses, 2) to assess the presence of latent sub-groups of the population reacting differently to the same contextual factors.ResultsThe results of Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and logistic regressions indicated that neighborhood's socio-economic characteristics, such as educational level and unemployment rate, are associated with women's behaviors during pregnancy, smoking cessation in particular. Results from the logistic regression for BMI showed that obese and overweight individuals tend to live in neighborhoods where the percentage of individuals holding at least a bachelor's degree is comparatively lower. A mixture of regressions predicting individual BMI detected the presence of two latent groups in the population under analysis. The main finding seems to suggest that people living in worse socio-economic environments have a higher sensitivity to changes in education conditions, with respect to individuals living in better-off neighborhoods.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of considering social and contextual dimensions in understanding and promoting healthy behaviors during pregnancy.