Nutritional Status Variables Research Articles

Tasa de filtración glomerular estimada para la pesquisa de enfermedad renal crónica desde la Atención Primaria de Salud.

Introduction: Primary health care (PHC) is fundamental in preventing and managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). By early detection of kidney disorders and providing comprehensive care to patients, PHC contributes to improving the quality of life of people with kidney disease and reducing the burden that this disease represents for health systems. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a primary care referral center in Holguín, Cuba. Methods: This analytical observational study was conducted at the “Máximo Gómez Báez” University Polyclinic, Cuba, from February to November 2021. Patients diagnosed with noncommunicable chronic disease without known CKD were included, subsequently Group 1 (G1): patients with CKD. Group 2 (G2): patients without CKD. The estimated glomerular filtration rate, comorbidities, nutritional status, and laboratory variables were recorded. Results: In Group 1 (CKD), 188 cases, and the control group, 348 cases. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease was 35% (95% CI 31-39%). The age in G1 was 61.6 ± 10.3 years in G2: 59.3 ± 11.6 (P =0.001). Women were the most affected by CKD (P =0.001). Of the total, 76% were hypertensive, with similar distributions between both groups (79% vs 74%). Type 2 diabetes was a risk factor for developing CKD (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 3.9-8.9). 35%, 37% and 31% had an eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, by the CKD-EPI, MDRD-4 and Cockcroft-Gault formulas, respectively. The distributions of CKD stages were 76.1% for 3a, 16.5% for 3b, 6.9% for 4, and 0.5% for 5, by CKD-EPI. Conclusion: The eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault introduces erroneous results due to the patient's weight. CKD-EPI and MDRD-4 proved to be the most appropriate for diagnosing and staging CKD in the study population.

Hubungan Status Gizi, Pola Makan, Dan Kecemasan Terhadap Kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum Di Rumah Sakit Umum Andhika

Introduction: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a complaint of severe nausea and vomiting more than 10 times a day during pregnancy which can cause fluid deficiency, weight loss, or electrolyte disturbances thereby disrupting daily activities and endangering the fetus in the womb. The incidence of cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is 0,8% to 3,2% of all pregnancies or about 8 to 32 cases per 1000 pregnancies. Nutritional status, diet, and anxiety are factors that can influence the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum in first-trimester pregnant women. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status, diet, and anxiety with the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum in Andhika General Hospital. Methods: This study uses a quantitative method of descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was total sampling with a total of 54 respondents. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum which obtained a p-value of 0,004; dietary pattern and the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum a p-value of 0,021; anxiety and the incidence of hyperemesis a p-value of 0,010. Discussion: This study concludes that there is a relationship between the variables of nutritional status, diet, and anxiety with the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum at Andhika General Hospital in 2022. Advice for pregnant women can increase knowledge and understanding of tips for carrying out a healthy pregnancy that can be obtained through health workers and other information media improve nutritional status by improving diet according to the needs of pregnant women recommended by health workers such as consuming balanced nutrition (protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, and vitamins) during pregnancy.

Analysis of Dietary and Nutritional Status of Tuberculosis Patients in Hulunbuir Region.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Malnutrition is a common complication of TB and can worsen the disease outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary and nutritional status, as well as the dietary structure, of TB patients in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia, China. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the nutritional status in order to provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of TB and related issues. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 334 randomly selected TB patients from Hulunbuir City Second Hospital. A questionnaire survey was administered to collect information on demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and food intake. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI). Dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated based on the number of food groups consumed in the previous 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software. Descriptive statistics employed rates and composition ratios, and categorical data was represented using frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used to analyze the association between nutritional status and other variables, with a significance level set at α=0.05. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent factors affecting the nutritional status of TB patients. The univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the nutritional status (as measured by BMI) among tuberculosis patients, considering ethnicity, educational level, smoking, meat-based diet, vegetable consumption, and DDS grading. No statistically significant differences were found regarding gender, age, marital status, occupation, sleep duration, alcohol consumption, and consumption of rice and flour dishes. Statistically significant variables from the univariate analysis were included in a multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis model. The findings highlighted that educational level (high school or below), smoking, meat-based diet, DDS scores of 1-3, and a primarily vegetable-based diet had independent effects on the nutritional status of tuberculosis patients (all P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in nutritional status between the Han ethnic group and other ethnicities. The study revealed that the dietary and nutritional status of TB patients in Hulunbuir City was suboptimal and influenced by several factors. Smoking, meat-based diet, and low dietary diversity score were the primary risk factors for malnutrition among TB patients. The study suggests that nutritional education and intervention programs should be implemented for TB patients to improve their dietary quality and nutritional status.

Intervention of Development Stimulation and Nutrition Education of Complementary Feeding on The Growth and Development of Stunting Under-Free Children

The incidence of stunting under five is also related to the low level of knowledge in providing food intake that can meet children's needs. Appropriate intervention is expected to be able to deal with stunting incidents which can be irreversible at a later stage This study aimed to determine the effect of developmental stimulation interventions and providing MP-ASI nutrition education on stunted children under five. The design of this study was experimental with pre and post design. This study used educational media MP-ASI modules and stimulation, detection, early intervention of child growth and development (SDIDTK) by first conducting developmental screening using a developmental pre-screening questionnaire (KPSP). The intervention is carried out for 1 month. The subjects in this study were 44 stunted toddlers in Condong Village using a purposive sampling method. For data that were not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon test was used to determine the significance of the effect of the intervention, and for normally distributed data, a paired t-test was used. There were significant differences in the variables of weight, height, nutritional status, height/age, and energy intake of stunting toddlers before and after the intervention (p-value&lt;0,05). However, there were no significant differences in the variables of protein, fat intake and child development (p-value&gt;0,05). It is necessary to carry out further research related to the duration of providing child development stimulus to stunting toddlers, so that the results of changes in child development can occur significantly.

The Effectiveness Of A Nutritional Education-Based Module For Pregnant Women In Preventing Stunting

Background: Maternal intake, especially during pregnancy, is one factor that plays an important role. Improvement of nutrition and health of pregnant women is closely related to the level of education, knowledge, and attitudes in meeting nutritional needs during pregnancy. Explain the Effectiveness of the Module for Pregnant Women based on Nutrition education, Nutritional Status, Knowledge, and attitudes of Pregnant Women in efforts to prevent stunting. Methods: The research design is pre-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test. They are held at one of the Puskesmas in Palembang from June to September 2023. Sampel is pregnant women with inclusion criteria, measuring nutritional status, knowledge, and attitudes of pregnant women before and after intervention with the Pregnant Women Module. Probability sampling variables and research variables of knowledge level, attitude, and nutritional status. The instruments used are questionnaires, and data are analysed with t-test statistics. Results: Based on the T-test, there was a significant influence on respondents' level of knowledge and attitudes after being given treatment. The t-test (2-tail) result &gt; 0.05 showed no significant difference between initial and late nutritional status based on HB measurements. This showed no significant effect of treatment with the module of pregnant women on nutritional status. While nutritional status is based on LILA measurements, The T-test results have a significance value (2-tail) &lt; 0.05. This shows that there is a significant effect of intervention on nutritional status after being given treatment Conclusion: The nutrition education-based module for pregnant women has a significant effect on the level of knowledge and attitudes of respondents. There was an increase in knowledge, attitudes, and nutritional status of respondents after nutrition education. It is hoped that pregnant women, after nutrition education, can understand more about Balanced Nutrition and stunting prevention during pregnancy and after childbirth. They are processing the daily food menu with healthy and nutritious food ingredients so that chronic lack of energy and anaemia do not occur during pregnancy.

Observation of Nutritional Status in Adolescents with HIV/AIDS

Adolescents with HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) continue to increase every year in line with the increase in sex behavior outside of marriage. One of the problems in adolescents with HIV / AIDS is malnutrition status. The purpose of the study was to observe nutritional status in adolescents with HIV / AIDS. The subjects were all adolescents with HIV/AIDS at the Kompeda Surabaya Foundation. The research design in this study is a time series, measuring nutritional status variables at some time using weight parameters according to age. Data collection was carried out on February-April 2022. The measurements were conducted using a bathroom scale. The number of subjects was 150 people with incidental sampling techniques. Inclusion criteria: adolescents diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, living in shelters, allowed by caregivers, ages 12-21, not being hospitalized during the study. Exclusion criteria: died, did not follow complete weight monitoring. During the study none of the subjects resigned nor were excluded from the study. The results of the study found that 90 had normal nutritional status and 60 were abnormal. There is a statistically significant difference in nutritional status between the first and second measurements. Foundation managers need to make efforts by paying more attention to adolescent nutritional intake so that nutritional status can improve.

Feeding practices and nutritional status of children (6-23 months) in an urban area of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

Background: The first 1,000 days of a child’s life is a critical window for growth faltering, deficiencies, and common childhood illnesses. Even with optimum breastfeeding, children 6-23 months are at higher risk of being undernourished if they do not receive adequate and appropriate complementary feeding. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the nutritional status of children 6-23 months and find the association between sociodemographic profile and nutritional status. Materials and Methods: Mothers of 411 children of age 6–23 months in an urban area of Raipur were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire based on the WHO indicators to record their complementary feeding practices. Weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was taken to assess the nutritional status. Overall and specific (sex-wise and severity-wise) prevalence rate of stunting, wasting, and underweight were calculated. The distribution of these according to various factors like infant and young child feeding practices, and details of study subject and family were calculated. Chi-square test of significance was applied to find the association between nutritional status and independent variables and their strength of association. Results: The prevalence of wasting was 25%, underweight 30%, and stunting 15%. Statistically significant association of underweight with age of the parents, both mother and father, was observed (P &lt; 0.05). Minimum dietary diversity was achieved by only 4.1% and minimum acceptable diet by 2.4% children. Conclusions: The prevalence of wasting and undernutrition was assessed. Complementary feeding indicators were unsatisfactory among children. Ending all forms of malnutrition is the global goal. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that directly affect or indirectly influence nutrition have to be recalled at this stage and addressing malnutrition is a key element required to achieving them.

Differences in nutritional status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease between Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean regions in Croatia.

The nutritional status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant factor that influences the prognosis of the disease. This observational study aimed to analyse the nutritional status of COPD patients and assess the associations between nutritional status, disease severity, and exercise capacity in four different regions of Croatia. In this multicentre study, 534 COPD patients were recruited and evaluated concerning fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), phase angle (PhA), pulmonary function tests, and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). There were 325 (60.9%) male and 209 (39.1%) female patients with a mean age of 66.7±8.4 years. Most patients (73.2%) exhibited a moderate to severely abnormal obstructive pattern and had a reduced 6MWT distance (396.5±110.8 m). Among the participants, 32.8% were overweight and 22.3% were obese, and they had satisfactory values for nutritional status variables (FFM, FFMI, SMMI, PhA). There were no statistical differences between the centres in terms of nutritional status variables. There was a significantly positive correlation of FEV1 with BMI (r=0.148, p=0.001), PhA (r=0.256, p=0.00), FFM (r=0.365, p=0.00), and SMMI (r=0.238, p=0.00). However, there was no significant correlation of the 6MWT with BMI (r=-0.049, p=0.254), FFM (r=0.065, p=0.133), and SMMI (r=-0.007, p=0.867). The data analysis demonstrated that our patients were not underweight and that there was no significant difference between the centres in terms of BMI, FFM, FFMI, SMMI, and PhA. This lack of significant difference was observed even though one of the regions studied was Mediterranean.

Hubungan Status Gizi, Siklus Menstruasi, dan Lama Menstruasi Dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri Usia 15-16 Tahun di SMA Pembina Palembang Tahun 2022

Anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the body. Iron deficiency itself can be caused by several things, such as low iron food intake or maybe iron in maakanan is found in a form that is difficult to absorb, normal anemia&lt;12mg/dl.The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of the menstrual cycle and the length of menstruation with the incidence of anemia in young women aged 15-16 years at Pembina Palembang High School in 2022. The population in this study was all young women in the 2021-2022 school year with 134 respondents. The sample to be studied must meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 56 respondents and the total sampling technique. There were 32 respondents (57.1%) of young women who experienced anemia, and 24 respondents (42.9%) And from the chi-square trial between the variables of nutritional status, menstrual cycle, and menstrual duration with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls aged 15-16 years, the results of this study showed that from 56 respondents, 32 respondents (57.1%) had abnormal nutritional status of 29 respondents (51.8%) while the menstrual cycle was abnormal, respondents were 31 respondents (55.4%), and abnormal menstrual duration 34 (60.7). From the statistics of the Chi-Square test that compares pvalue with the level of meaningfulness of α = 0.05, it shows that there is a meaningful relationship between nutritional status and adolescent anemia p value (0.001), menstrual cycle p value (0.009), and menstrual length p value (0.005). Thus there is a meaningful correlation in a sympathetic manner and between Nutritional Status, Menstrual Cycle, Duration of Menstruation with the incidence of anemia in young women aged 15-16.The results of this study are expected to be used as inputs for improving the quality of health in young women aged 15-16 so that it can reduce the incidence of anemia at Pembina Palembang High School.

Prevalence and Determinants of Malnutrition Among Adolescents in Delhi: A Rural-Urban Comparison Study.

Background Adolescence represents the period of transition from puberty to adulthood, encompassing development in the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains. Thus, this is a period of rapid growth, which is only second to that of infancy. Since the dietary patterns in this age group are influenced by many factors, adolescents have a higher tendency to remain malnourished. Aim and objective To find out the prevalence of and the socio-demographic factors associated with malnutrition among adolescents in a rural and an urban community of Delhi. Materials and methods This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural and urban field practice areas under the aegis of the Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, for the duration of one year. All eligible adolescents (10-19 years) residing in both study areas were included as the sampling frame. A total of 420 participants were enrolled in the study using the simple random sampling technique. All interviews were conducted face-to-face by the investigator to collect data on the nutritional status and socio-demographic variables of the study participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The mean age of the participants in our study was found to be 15.65 ± 2.10 years. About 63% of males and 37% of females participated in the study.Participants from urban areas had a better socio-economic status, as 67.1% of participants were either in Class II or Class III of the modified BG Prasad Scale, vis-à-vis 36.6% of participants from rural areas. The overall prevalence of malnutrition was found to be 46% with overnutrition being more rampant than undernutrition. Conclusion The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 46% in the present study, out of which 18% were undernourished while 28% were over-nourished. The prevalence of undernutrition was approximately three times more in rural areas as compared to urban areas while the prevalence of obesity/overweight was more rampant in urban areas in comparison torural areas.

Relationship between working period and nutritional status with work fatigue workers in PT X production unit

Work fatigue is still prevalent both in the world and Indonesia. International Labour Organization (ILO) data in 2016 shows that 32% of workers in the world experience work fatigue. Workers with more nutritional status and long working period feel headaches, fatigue all over the body, anxiety, legs in the shoulders and back pain during work. This condition is a symptom of work fatigue. This study included quantitative research with an analytical observational type of research. The research design used was cross sectional. The population of this study was all workers of line V production unit at PT X with a total sample of 34 people. The results showed that 26.47% of workers experienced mild work fatigue, 61.77% of workers experienced moderate work fatigue and 11.76% of workers experienced severe work fatigue. There is a significant relationship between working time and work fatigue with a p-value of 0.000 with a value of r = 0.752 which shows a strong correlation. In addition, there is also a significant relationship between nutritional status and work fatigue with a p-value of 0.009 with a value of r = 0.443 which shows a weak correlation. There is a relationship between the variables of working time and nutritional status with work fatigue. Companies are expected to rotate work by paying attention to the length of work and nutritional status of workers, so as to minimize the occurrence of work fatigue.

Brisk Walking Pace Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017

Although the importance of walking for promoting a better cardiometabolic health is widely known (this includes both cardiovascular and metabolic/endocrine systems), there is little knowledge regarding its appropriate pace to provide adults with more cardiometabolic benefits. To analyze the associations between different walking pace categories and cardiometabolic health markers in the adult Chilean population. Cross-sectional study. A total of 5520 participants aged 15 to 90 years old from the Chilean National Health Survey (CNHS) 2016-2017 were included. Walking pace categories (slow, average, and brisk) were collected through self-reported methods. Glycaemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), vitamin D2, vitamin D3, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile (Total, HDL, LDL, VLDL, No HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) were determined using blood sample tests and measured with the standardized methods described in the CNHS 2016-2017. People who had a brisk walking pace were associated with lower levels of glycaemia, HbA1c, GGT, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and higher vitamin D3 levels compared with those with a slow walking pace. Moreover, people with a brisk walking pace had lower levels of VLDL cholesterol compared with those with a slow walking pace. However, after adjusting the model to include sociodemographic background, nutritional status, and lifestyle variables, the differences remained only for glycaemia, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure levels. A brisk walking pace was associated with better cardiometabolic health markers and lipid profile compared with a slow walking pace.

A new monitoring system for nutritional status assessment in children at home

Regular monitoring of children’s nutritional status is essential to prevent micronutrient deficiencies, nutritional status abnormalities as stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity. Nutritional status assessment is usually performed by paediatricians by using anthropometry (body mass index, weight to height indices) and/or by body fat-mass measurement (bioimpedance analysis, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, computer tomography, etc.). Parents are also interested in but usually fail to evaluate their child’s nutritional status. To help the sufficient collaboration between the physician and parents a new nutritional status monitoring method is developed for families. The new monitoring system was developed under a paediatrician’s supervision by considering national and international recommendations, references as well as the anthropometric measurement possibilities at home. The model requires age, sex, body mass, height, waist circumference and hand circumference as predictor (input) variables of nutritional status, while (1) the centile values of the measured body dimensions, (2) body fat percentage and the centile of body fat percentage, (3) the nutritional status category (undernutrition, normal nutritional status, overfat/obese) can be predicted (outcome variables) by the new method. The predictive accuracy of the model for nutritional status category was 94.88% in boys and 98.66% in girls. The new model was developed for nutritional status assessment in school-aged children and will be incorporated in the healthy lifestyle module of ‘Teenage Survival Guide’ educational package to be developed by the Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary. The new monitoring system could help the families to identify the early signs of malnutrition in children. Nutritional status assessment in children at home is suggested twice a year, and in case of suspicious nutritional status abnormality it is recommended to visit the general practitioner.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND HISTORY OF CHILDBIRTH COMPLICATIONS WITH TODDLERS DEVELOPMENT

Background : Development is an increase in body functions and structures that are more complex in the ability of gross motion, fine motion, speech and language, as well as socialization and independence. More than 200 million children under five are found to be developing not according to age. Objective : The purpose of this study are to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and child development and to analyze the relationship between history of childbirth complications and child development. Method : This research was conducted in Bujel, Kediri City. The study began in April 2022. This study was a correlative analytic study. The sample in this study was some of the toddlers in Bujel as many as 45 toddlers. The research data was tested with Spearman's rho. Result : The results of the Spearman's Rho test between the variables of nutritional status and child development is 0.001, and between history of childbirth complications and child development is 0.024. Conclusion and Suggestions : The conclusions of this study are there is a relationship between nutritional status and the development of toddlers in Bujel, Kediri City. Another conclusion is that there is a relationship between the history of childbirth complications and the development of children under five in Bujel, Kediri City. It is hoped that the respondent's parents pay more attention to nutritional status so that the child's development is optimal.

Ajánlás a gyermekek tápláltsági állapotának otthoni becsléséhez – Az MTA-ELTE Egészégtudatos Gyermekekért Kutatócsoport által kidolgozott új módszer bemutatása

Regular monitoring of children’s nutritional status is essential to prevent micronutrient deficiencies, nutritional status abnormalities as stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity. Nutritional status assessment is usually performed by paediatricians by using anthropometry (body mass index, weight to height indices) and/or by body fat-mass measurement (bioimpedance analysis, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, computer tomography, etc.). Parents are also interested in but usually fail to accurately evaluate their child’s nutritional status. The main purpose of the study was to help the sufficient collaboration between the physicians and parents by developing a new nutritional status monitoring method for families. The new model – developed by the Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University – requires age, sex, body mass, height, waist circumference and hand circumference as predictor (input) variables of nutritional status, while the centile values of the measured body dimensions, body fat percentage and the centile of body fat percentage, as well as the nutritional status category (undernutrition, normal nutritional status, overfat/obese) can be predicted (outcome variables) by the new method. The predictive accuracy of the model for nutritional status category was 94.9% in boys and 98.7% in girls. The new model was developed for nutritional status assessment in school-aged children and will be incorporated in the healthy lifestyle module of ‘Teenage Survival Guide’ educational package to be developed by the Health Promotion and Education Research Team.

What is the nutritional status of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness? A retrospective cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background Nutritional status of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) is poorly studied. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between nutritional status (body mass index, daily calories intake) and clinical variables (level of consciousness, time since injury, diagnosis, etiology and spastic muscle overactivity; SMO,) in patients with prolonged DoCor emerging. Our main hypotheses are i) patients with lower level of consciousness (UWS) have worse nutritional status compared to patients in minimally conscious state (MCS) and ii) SMO could influence nutritional status. Methods and results Among the 80 patients included in the study (19 UWS, 47 MCS, 14 emerging MCS; 43 ± 15 yo; 3 ± 4 years post-injury, 35 traumatic etiology, 34 females), 9% were at risk to be undernourished, with no differences between UWS and MCS. Patients without SMO had a higher BMI compared to patients with severe SMO. Compared to the recommended daily calories intake, patients with the highest BMI received less calories and patients with the lowest BMI received more calories. We observed a negative correlation between SMO (in lower limbs) and BMI. Conclusion Our study shows that most patients are well nourished, independently from the level of consciousness. SMO may require additional calories in patients’ daily needs; however, longitudinal studies are needed to explore the causal relationship between these variables.

Analysis of The Influence of Nutritional Status Variables and Environmental Sanitation on The Event of Diarrhous to Children

Introduction: Diarrhea in 2019 became the second leading cause of death in children under five. The causes of diarrhoea include infection, malabsorption, and food and are influenced by several factors such as behavioural, nutritional, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to analyze the effect of variables on nutritional status and environmental sanitation on the incidence of diarrhoea in children under five in the South Lampung Regency. Method: This study is survey research with a cross-sectional design and uses binary logistic regression analysis. The samples taken were 380 toddlers aged 6-59 months. Result: 10 of the 21 predictor variables had a significant effect on the 5% significant level of the incidence of diarrhoea, where there were nine predictor variables, including poor/poor nutritional status, history of exclusive breastfeeding, clean water sources from BOR wells, clean water sources from PDAM. mountain spring drinking water sources, latrine facilities, septic tank facilities, managed waste management, and the floor of a ceramic house can reduce the incidence of diarrhea with odds ratio and [p=] values of 0.06[0.000], 0.33[0.017], 0.01[0.0000], 0.02[0.000], 0.02[0.004], 0.04[0.000], 0.01[0.025], 0.02[0.001], and 0.10[0.000]. Toddlers living in noncoastal areas have a 1.08 times higher chance of experiencing diarrhoea than coastal areas. In contrast, one variable, namely the age of toddlers, can increase the susceptibility to diarrhoea in toddlers with the odds ratio and [p=] values of 1.04 [0.007, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that the influence of nutritional status variables and environmental sanitation has a great possibility to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea in children under five, namely in the group of nutritional status variables, including poor/poor nutritional status, age of toddlers, and history of exclusive breastfeeding.

Magnitude of under-nutrition among under five children in Ethiopia based on 2019 Mini-Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey: Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM)

IntroductionMalnutrition is a major public health problem that is experienced by many developing countries, like Ethiopia. Though some studies were conducted to identify the magnitude and determinants of acute malnutrition among under-five children, there is a lack of evidence that is representative of all children in Ethiopia. Hence, this national-level data could be representative of all targets and provide us with updated information on the nation-wide magnitude of nutritional status among children under the age of five in Ethiopia.MethodsThis study used data from the 2019 Mini-Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Children aged 0–59 months with anthropometry data were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 15 software. Cross-tabulations and summary statistics were done to describe the study population. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were used to estimate the association between nutritional status and explanatory variables and were expressed as an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Model comparison was done based on Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AIC and BIC).ResultsThe magnitude of stunting was 37.71% [95%CI: 36.35–39.08], while the magnitude of wasting was 7.14% [95%CI: 6.52–7.91]. Living in Tigray [AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 2.05–4.11], Amhara [AOR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.41–2.79], having a child aged 24–35 [AOR = 3.79, 95%CI: 3.07–4.68], and being a rural resident were all significantly associated with stunting. Being born in Tigray [AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02–3.01], being born into the richest family [AOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.27–0.80], and being born from mothers aged 25–29 [AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.96] were all significantly associated with wasting.ConclusionThe magnitude of stunting and wasting is relatively high in Ethiopia. Region, place of residence, and age of the child were significantly associated with stunting, and region, wealth index, and age of the child were significantly associated with wasting. This result provides a clue to give due consideration to under-five children to mitigate the risks of malnutrition through various techniques.

Association Between Parenting Styles, Children’s Nutritional Status, and Quality of Life among Children Ages 8-12 Years

Nutritional status and parenting styles are two factors that are thought to affect children’s quality of life. This study aimed to assess the relationship between parenting styles, nutritional status, and quality of life of children aged 8-12 years. This cross-sectional observational analytic study used data collected from November 2020 to January 2021 using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) that were distributed in the form of e-questionnaire . The analysis tests used were the Spearman and logistic regression tests with a level of significance of 0.05. The results of the Spearman test showed that there was no correlation between parenting style and quality of life (p = 0.882) and between the nutritional status and quality of life (p = 0.568). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the variables of parenting (p = 0.437; 95% CI = 0.607–3.174; OR = 1.388) and nutritional status (p = 0.432; 95% CI = 0.504–1.341; OR = 0.822) were not associated with quality of life. Thus, there is no significant relationship between parenting patterns and children's nutritional status on the quality of life of children aged 8-12 years.

Dietary patterns and prevalence of multimorbidity in women in southern Brazil.

This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and prevalence of multimorbidity in women. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 and included 1,128 women aged 20 to 69 years living in the urban area of São Leopoldo municipality, southern Brazil. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more chronic conditions, among the 26 identified. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to investigate the association between the three dietary patterns (healthy, risk, and Brazilian), using different models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and nutritional status variables. The results showed differences in the prevalence of adherence to different dietary patterns and multimorbidity across age groups, with a prevalence of multimorbidity and a healthy dietary pattern showing a direct linear trend with age, whereas the risk dietary pattern showed an inverse linear trend with age. The prevalence of the Brazilian dietary pattern remained constant despite differences in age. After adjustment, we found that women with greater adherence to the Brazilian dietary pattern showed a 40% reduction in the prevalence of multimorbidity compared with those with less adherence (prevalence ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.86). The results revealed that the prevalence of multimorbidity was significantly lower in women with greater adherence to the Brazilian dietary pattern and highlight the importance of dietary interventions in early adulthood as a way to prevent multimorbidity in women.