BACKGROUND The global rise in the elderly population has amplified the urgency to address age-related nutritional risks, as malnutrition among older hospitalized patients contributes to poor clinical outcomes and shows the need for targeted nutritional interventions. This study aimed to assess the clinical nutrition management of elderly hospitalized patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 227 hospitalized patients who received nutrition consultations in the Department of Geriatrics at Peking University People's Hospital from May 2017 to September 2020 were included in this study. We conducted a retrospective review of their medical records, collecting basic clinical information, nutritional status, consultation times and recommendations, compliance with clinical advice, and changes in blood biochemical indicators. RESULTS Among 227 patients, 160 (68.75% male and 73.49% female) were at nutritional risk. Those with type 2 diabetes, pulmonary infections, gastrointestinal diseases, chronic kidney disease, and anemia had a higher incidence of nutritional risk (* P<0.05). Of these, 204 adhered to the nutritionists' intervention plan, with the highest implementation rate for health education (98.73%) and the lowest for oral nutritional supplements (ONS) at 83.87%. Noncompliance included 69% failing to take oral supplements and 22% refusing tube feeding. Patients following nutritional advice had significantly shorter hospital stays (P=0.03, P=0.00). After the intervention, total protein and albumin improved, with low-risk patients showing higher levels in total enteral nutrition (* P<0.05). No significant differences were found in high-risk patients (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Effective clinical nutrition management for elderly patients requires enhanced dietary supply practices, standardized consultation implementation, and the active involvement of patients' families in nutritional planning, ultimately improving overall healthcare outcomes.

Introduction This scoping review examines recent peer-reviewed literature (2019–2025) on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in managing nutrition care for post-periodontal surgical patients, and identifies key risk factors influencing nutritional outcomes after periodontal surgery. AI modalities considered include machine learning, expert systems, clinical decision support, and predictive analytics. Methodology A systematic search of databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus) identified studies on AI applications in periodontology, nutrition, or wound healing. The inclusion criteria were English-language, peer-reviewed publications from 2019 onwards that focused on AI in periodontal care or nutritional management, and studies addressing risk factors (such as age, comorbidities, dietary compliance, oral function, socioeconomic status, etc.) that affect post-surgical nutrition or healing. Data were charted on study characteristics, AI type, nutritional outcomes, and reported risk factors. 28 publications were included (10 original studies, eight reviews, five clinical reports, five conceptual papers). AI has been used in periodontal care for diagnostics, prognostics, and decision support. Results Machine learning models can predict healing and nutritional risks by analyzing patient data, with key risk factors including age, comorbidities such as diabetes, poor nutrition, low dietary compliance, oral function, and socioeconomic status. Older, chewing-impaired patients have lower nutrient intake and a higher risk of malnutrition. Poor pre-surgery nutrition delays healing. AI models forecast outcomes, identifying baseline pocket depth and antibiotic use as strong predictors. Emerging AI tools in periodontology can enhance nutrition management through early risk detection and personalized diets. Conclusion Factors like age, health, oral function, and socioeconomic status affect recovery. Using AI risk assessments with nutritional plans may improve healing. More research is needed to realize AI's full potential. While direct studies are limited, emerging evidence indicates strong potential for personalized, AI-supported nutritional care.

Nutritional risk factors and eating behaviors in adolescents with pectus excavatum: new approach by using cluster analysis.

Anemia is a global health problem that can affect the growth and development of school-aged children. Nutritional status is suspected to be associated with the incidence of anemia, but this relationship requires further study. This study aims to analyze the correlation between nutritional status and the risk of anemia in students of SDN Cijagra 1 Bojongsoang, Bandung Regency. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 69 students aged 10-12 years old who were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nutritional status was measured by assessing weight and height to determine Body Mass Index (BMI), while hemoglobin levels were measured using the POCT (Point of Care Testing) method. Due to non-normal data distribution, bivariate analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. The majority of students had good nutritional status (65%) and were free of anemia (94%). A small proportion experienced mild anemia (3%) and moderate anemia (3%), with no cases of severe anemia. Statistical analysis showed a correlation coefficient of -0.118 with a p-value of 0.335, indicating a very weak and statistically insignificant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia (p&gt;0.05). The results of this study indicate that good nutritional status is not always the primary factor in preventing anemia in elementary school children. Other factors such as diet, infections, and genetic conditions likely play a more significant role in the incidence of anemia. It can be concluded that there was no significant correlation between nutritional status and the risk of anemia in students at SDN Cijagra 1 Bojongsoang, Bandung Regency. Interventions in the form of nutrition education regarding iron intake and regular health check-ups are still needed to prevent anemia.

Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is a common complication among critically ill patients, including those with COVID-19. While viral myopathy and established ICU-related risk factors predispose patients with COVID-19 to muscle dysfunction, few studies have directly compared muscle wasting and weakness between ICU populations with and without COVID-19 using both structural and functional assessment modalities. This was a small, non-concurrent, propensity score-matched ICU study which compared muscle wasting and strength in patients with and without COVID-19 who remained in the ICU for ≥ 7 days. Muscle thickness was assessed using ultrasound (US), body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and functional strength using handgrip dynamometry. Measurements were performed on ICU days 1, 5, and 7. To reduce baseline differences, propensity score matching was applied using illness severity, nutritional risk, and mechanical ventilation parameters. In total, 143 patients were included (101 without COVID-19, 42 with COVID-19). After propensity score matching, 23 pairs were analysed. US revealed significant within-group reductions in muscle thickness over time in both matched cohorts, with no statistically significant between-group differences. BIA-derived phase angle (PhA) values were consistently lower in patients with COVID-19; however, between-group differences in PhA change lost statistical significance after matching. Handgrip dynamometry revealed a significantly higher incidence of muscle weakness in patients with COVID-19 initially, but this difference was non-significant. Absolute and residual strength remained similar between groups. ICU patients both with and without COVID-19 experienced comparable degrees of muscle wasting and weakness when adjusted for baseline characteristics. ICU-AW appears more closely associated with the severity of critical illness and ICU treatments than with SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. US measurements appeared less affected by differences in fluid balance, whereas BIA-derived phase angle was more closely related to hydration status. Handgrip dynamometry provided a simple, objective measure of functional muscle strength at ICU discharge.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent yet severe complication following major surgery. Although malnutrition is an established risk factor for postoperative AKI, the comparative predictive value of different objective nutritional assessment tools remains poorly defined. This retrospective cohort study consecutively included adult patients undergoing major surgery from two independent sources: a single academic hospital (derivation: 2018-2020; internal validation: 2021) and the MIMIC-IV database (external validation). Preoperative nutritional status was assessed using four objective tools, including the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), the controlling nutritional status (CONUT), and serum albumin. The primary outcome was postoperative AKI, defined as AKI occurring within 7days after major surgery. The derivation, internal validation and external validation cohorts comprised 16761 (1.9% AKI), 6243 (1.5% AKI), and 422 (36.3%AKI) patients, respectively. Malnutrition prevalence varied substantially by tool: PNI (2.0-19.9%), GNRI (18.5-28.1%), CONUT (49.3-69.4%), and serum albumin (4.9-28.4%). In the derivation cohort, all four nutritional assessment tools as continuous variables were independently associated with postoperative AKI after fully adjustment; when analyzed as categorial variables, only serum albumin showed independent associations for both mild and moderate-to-severe malnutrition. Serum albumin also demonstrated superior predictive performance (AUC: 0.697) and the highest incremental value for postoperative AKI, with this superiority maintained across both internal and external validation cohorts. Notably, serum albumin showed more pronounced inverse association with postoperative AKI in diabetics (aOR: 0.888, 95% CI: 0.832-0.948) than non-diabetics (aOR: 0.962, 95% CI: 0.923-1.003; P for interaction=0.026). Malnutrition prevalence in surgical patients varies across nutritional assessment tools. Serum albumin demonstrated superior and consistent predictive value for postoperative AKI compared to nutritional indices (PNI, GNRI, and CONUT), with particularly enhanced performance in diabetic patients.

Nutritional risk and six-year mortality in adult patients admitted to a referral hospital: A cohort study.

Self-perceived skills in the diagnosis of hospital malnutrition, medical knowledge, and interest in nutrition: A cross-sectional study of medical residency programs.

Background and Objectives: Rapid physiological decline in terminal cancer is frequently accompanied by accelerated skeletal muscle loss. Although bedside ultrasonography (US) is practical and feasible in palliative care settings, the prognostic relevance of short-term muscle change remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether the rate of muscle loss over a 10-day period, assessed by serial ultrasound, is associated with survival duration in terminally ill cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 87 inpatients with end-stage cancer who underwent bedside ultrasound measurements of the biceps brachii (BB) and rectus femoris (RF). Baseline US was performed within the first three days of admission, followed by a repeat assessment 10 days after baseline (day-10 follow-up ultrasound). Muscle thickness (MT) measurements were normalized by height squared (m2), and 10-day changes were calculated as delta (Δ) indices, defined as baseline minus day-10 values. Because the exposure of interest (Δ) can only be determined after completion of the day-10 assessment, survival timing analyses were anchored to this prespecified landmark. Survival duration was defined as the number of days from the day-10 follow-up ultrasound to death among patients who died within one year. Associations between muscle changes and survival duration were evaluated using correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and nutritional risk. The primary analyses focused on survival timing among decedents. Results: Significant muscle loss was observed over the 10-day interval between baseline and 10 days after baseline. Among the 58 patients who died within one year, greater short-term biceps muscle loss, reflected by higher Δ BB muscle thickness index (Δ BB MT-I), was moderately associated with shorter survival duration (r = −0.437, p = 0.0006). In multivariable linear regression analysis, Δ BB MT-I remained independently associated with survival duration (β = −701.19; 95% CI: −1102 to −301; p = 0.0006), whereas RF muscle changes and baseline clinical variables were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Short-term biceps muscle loss assessed by serial ultrasound, as reflected by Δ BB MT-I, is associated with shorter survival duration in terminally ill cancer patients. These findings suggest that dynamic muscle changes, rather than single-time-point measurements, may provide clinically meaningful insight into short-term survival timing. Serial bedside muscle ultrasound may serve as a low-burden adjunct for prognostic communication in palliative care, although prospective time-to-event studies are required for validation.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Expansion and Risk of Bullying Among Adolescents.

Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern in India, especially in rural areas, where socio-demographic, nutritional, and gender-related factors increase vulnerability. The purpose was to assess the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in rural Coimbatore, examine its association with social and gender-related factors, and identify key predictors. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 300 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at rural PHCs in Coimbatore. Data on socio-demographics, diet, healthcare use, and gender factors (decision-making power, workload, food allocation) were collected using structured questionnaires. Haemoglobin was measured using Hemocue or Sahli’s method and classified per WHO. Associations were tested with Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Anaemia prevalence was 68.3%, with moderate anaemia most common (35%). Higher prevalence occurred in adolescents (&lt;20 years, 87.5%) and older women (≥40 years, 80%). Low education, housewife occupation, and low income were significant. Nutritional and healthcare risks included vegetarian diet, poor iron intake, irregular IFA, and &lt;4 ANC visits. Independent gender predictors were limited decision-making (AOR=2.90), heavy workload (AOR=2.15), unequal food allocation (AOR=2.80), early marriage (AOR=1.85), and short birth spacing (AOR=2.40). Conclusion: Anaemia is highly prevalent, driven by socio-demographic, nutritional, and gender inequities. Integrated interventions addressing diet, ANC, and women’s empowerment are vital.

Nutritional status and frailty in rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter observational study (T-FLAG).

Associations between nutritional and physical outcomes of community-dwelling older adults eating alone, versus with others: A systematic review.

Simple muscle assessment improves GLIM-based malnutrition detection and prognostic stratification in hospitalized patients:A nationwide study.

Critical illness often leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction requiring intensive care. This catabolic condition significantly affects nutrition, causing muscle loss, weakness, and an in-creased risk of malnutrition, which complicates recovery. Traditional nutritional assessment tools often face limitations in critically ill patients. Systemic inflammation may improve the accuracy of nutritional risk screening. Data from the MIMIC-IV database were analyzed. The study aimed to assess the prognostic value of inflammatory markers combined with the mNUTRIC score. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models to evaluate the association between these markers and patient mortality at 30-day, 60-day, and 90-day intervals. A total of 2,628 ICU patients were included. High C-reactive protein (CRP; cut-off value 75.2 mg/L) had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.345 (Log-rank p = 0.004), high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; cut-off value 8.16) had an HR of 1.266 (Log-rank p = 0.021), and albumin (cut-off value 35 g/L) was associated with an HR of 0.576 (Log-rank p < 0.001). For 60-day and 90-day mortality, similar trends were observed, with significant p-values. Combining inflammatory markers such as CRP, NLR, and albumin with the mNUTRIC score enhances mortality prediction in critically ill patients, improving clinical decision-making. Further research with larger, multicenter cohorts is needed.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Inpatient Management of Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Review.

A smooth transition to subsequent treatments is crucial for improving the prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who receive chemotherapy. This study aimed to examine how patient factors at the initiation of treatment influence the feasibility of transitioning to subsequent treatments in patients who received trifluridine-tipiracil plus bevacizumab (FTD/TPI + Bev) therapy. This retrospective study included 80 patients treated with FTD/TPI + Bev therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer at Osaka City University Hospital between January 2016 and December 2023. Patients who were able to transition to subsequent treatments showed a significantly longer overall survival after the discontinuation of FTD/TPI + Bev therapy than those who were not. Immunonutritional indicators, such as the serum albumin concentration and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), were significantly elevated in patients who were able to proceed to subsequent treatments in comparison to those who were not able to do so. A poor immunonutritional status at the initiation of FTD/TPI + Bev therapy may lead to a lower rate of transitioning to subsequent treatments, thus resulting in a worse prognosis.

Geriatric nutritional risk index predicted survival time in multiple myeloma

Malnutrition in hospitalised patients is common and increases morbidity, mortality and health care costs. This study aimed to determine the risk of malnutrition at hospital admission and its associated risk factors among patients admitted to the internal medicine ward. In this prospective observational study, 1052 patients hospitalised in the internal medicine ward of a tertiary care hospital were evaluated. Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), and demographic characteristics, history of hospitalisation, comorbidity burden, anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters (haemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid) were recorded. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of malnutrition risk. Of all participants, 61.4% were at high risk of malnutrition. In-hospital mortality rate (5.3%), comorbidity burden (5.70 ± 3.70) and length of hospital stay (11.0 (13.0)) were higher in the high malnutrition risk group (P < 0.05). Age, duration of hospitalisation, body mass index (BMI), CRP and albumin levels were significantly associated with malnutrition risk (P < 0.05). In binary logistic regression analysis, older age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.019; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.006-1.032), low BMI (OR = 0.969; 95% CI: 0.948-0.990), high CRP (OR = 0.997; 95% CI: 0.995-0.999) and low albumin (OR = 0.911; 95% CI: 0.882-0.942) were independent predictors of high risk of malnutrition after adjustment for potential confounders. Advanced age, prolonged hospitalisation, inflammation and hypoalbuminemia are associated with an increased risk of malnutrition. Routine screening using the NRS-2002 is likely to be more effective than subjective clinical assessment in identifying patients at risk of malnutrition and guiding appropriate nutritional interventions.

FANS: A framework for automatic assessment of nutritional status based on free-text clinical notes.