Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire Research Articles

Translation and validation of the Indonesian version of the Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire for Young and Adults Athletes (NUKYA)

Background. NUKYA was prepared to determine the level of sports nutrition knowledge among people teenagers and adults. Objective. This research aims to translate and validate NUKYA into Indonesian. Method. The Indonesian version of the NUKYA questionnaire was evaluated for content validity and reliability by 6 experts and 30 respondents. The content validity of the questionnaire is measured using the item content validity index and the scale content validity index. The validity and reliability of the instrument were assessed using Pearson Product Moment and Cronbach’s α value. Results. The Indonesian version of NUKYA has an I-CVI of 0.98 and an S-CVI/UA of 0.91; Cronbach’s α 0.74 Conclusions. The Indonesian version of NUKYA is valid and reliable for measuring the level of nutritional knowledge of adolescent and adult athletes in Indonesia.

Factors Influencing Meal Provision and Dietary Support Behaviour of Caregivers of People with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Caregivers play an important role in supporting care recipients to navigate their health needs, including adherence to dietary recommendations, which are complex and multifaceted. This study aims to (i) describe the nutrition knowledge of caregivers of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and (ii) explore caregivers' perceptions of their role in providing healthy meals and nutrition support for care recipients. A cross-sectional study design employed a multi-strategy research approach. Caregivers (n = 78) of people with stage 1-5 CKD or post-transplant were recruited from a single centre. Their nutrition knowledge was assessed quantitatively with the revised General Nutrition Knowledge questionnaire. Theory-informed semi-structured interviews of a sub-sample (n = 12) qualitatively explored caregiver perceptions. Most caregivers were female (75.6%) and cared for a male care recipient (87%; aged 74 (66; 80) yrs.). The caregivers (75.6%) provided a meal ≥6 times/week to their care recipient and had moderate nutrition knowledge (66.1 (60.5; 73.9)%). Four themes emerged describing the caregivers' perceptions of meal provision and nutrition support, including the following: (i) food literacy skills are valued; (ii) social support is important; (iii) caregivers' sense of social responsibility; and (iv) the management of complex and multifaceted dietary needs. The caregivers had moderate nutrition knowledge; they wanted to provide healthy meals and support to their care recipients to adhere to dietary recommendations. Targeted, co-designed nutrition education programs for caregivers may enhance nutrition care delivery to people with CKD.

Validation of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Sri Lankan track and field athletes

BackgroundWhile several validated sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires exist, none are specifically designed to assess the sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) of Sri Lankan track and field athletes. This study aims to validate the Sri Lankan Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (SLn-SNKQ), tailored for this athlete group, to provide more accurate and meaningful insights for research and practice. This will enable health professionals and coaches to confidently assess athletes’ nutrition knowledge, which directly influences their food choices.MethodsThe validity of the questionnaire was established through a multi-step approach. Content validity was achieved via ratings from nutrition experts, all of whom had specialized training in human nutrition and experience of working with athletes. Face validity was evaluated through in-depth telephone interviews with elite or highly trained athletes, using a retrospective think-out-loud protocol to gather feedback on the clarity and relevance of the questions. Construct validity involved nutrition-trained doctors (NTG), non-nutrition-trained professionals (NNTG), and elite-level athletes’ groups (AG). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability was evaluated.ResultsThe final tool comprised 123 individual statements or prompts (items) that were organized into 32 broader questions, spanning 12 sub-sections. Content validity was confirmed by fully integrating 49 out of 70 comments and partially integrating four comments received from nutrition experts for each sub-section. Face validity was established by fully integrating 33 out of 40 comments received from 16 elite and highly trained athletes. Construct validity was confirmed, indicating significant differences in the total scores achieved as a percentage of the SLn-SNKQ among the NTG (462.5, 92.5%), NNTG (223.5, 44.7%), and AG (235, 47.0%; p < 0.001). Reproducibility was established by strong test-retest reliability between individuals’ scores on two test attempts, three weeks apart (spearman’s correlation; ρ = 0.99, p < 0.05). Internal reliability for each sub-section met psychometric reliability requirements (Cronbach’s α > 0.7).ConclusionsThe SLn-SNKQ has been validated and demonstrates robust psychometric properties, offering a reliable tool for assessing SNK among Sri Lankan track and field athletes.

Investigating the mediating role of physical activity within the association between food insecurity and BMI

Food insecurity is linked with obesity and while the mechanisms behind this association are complex, lower levels of leisure-time physical activity in those with food insecurity may contribute to this. Individual-level factors (such as concerns of performing physical activity) may partly determine levels of physical activity within individuals with food insecurity, as such individuals may seek to minimise their levels of physical activity in order to preserve energy. Using the Food Insecurity Physical Activity Concerns Scale (FIPACS) (used to measure concerns of performing leisure-time physical activity, focusing on factors specific to food insecurity), the current study investigated whether the association between household food insecurity and body mass index (BMI) is explained by a mediation pathway of FIPACS scores and leisure-time physical activity. We also investigated whether the association between food insecurity and FIPACS scores is moderated by nutrition knowledge. Participants (N = 329, food insecure = 55) completed an online survey consisting of the FIPACS, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire long-form (IPAQ), the Diet, Disease, and Weight management sub-section of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire, a measure of diet quality, and self-reported BMI. Findings revealed that FIPACS scores and leisure-time physical activity did not mediate the association between food insecurity and BMI (b < .01, SE = 0.01). Additionally, nutrition knowledge did not moderate the association between food insecurity and FIPACS scores (b = -0.09, SE = 0.08). Findings suggest that concerns of performing physical activity in the context of food insecurity are unrelated to leisure-time physical activity, and that these two factors do not explain the association between food insecurity and BMI. Future research should investigate other factors in the link between food insecurity, physical activity, and BMI.

Analysis of the diet, weight-loss behavior, and nutritional knowledge of athletes and coaches in weightclass sports: influence of a coach's nutritional knowledge on athletes.

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional knowledge of elite athletes undergoing weight loss and to identify differences in weight-loss strategies according to nutritional knowledge. The participants included 22 coaches and 88 elite athletes registered under the same affiliation. The survey involved translating the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ), and interviews were used to confirm the diet and weight loss patterns of the athletes. The coaches and athletes were divided into high-rank (12 coaches and 57 athletes) and low-rank (10 coaches and 31 athletes) groups based on GNKQ scores. Paired t-tests, correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed. GNKQ results showed significant differences between high-ranking and low-ranking coaches (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference in nutrition knowledge scores was also noticed between athletes with high-ranking and low-ranking coaches (p < 0.001). A strong correlation was observed between the GNKQ scores of coaches and athletes (r = 0.369; p < 0.001). The nutritional knowledge of coaches was also correlated with weight-loss strategies (weight loss attempt frequency; r = -0.235; p = 0.027; weight loss duration; r = -0.268; p = 0.012). Additionally, differences were observed in the intake of all nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fat) in the diets of athletes (p < 0.001). Our study suggests that the nutritional knowledge of coaches indirectly affects athletes. Coaches have significant influence over athletes and possess experience with diet and weight-loss patterns. This insight should be effectively utilized to enhance the training and performance of athletes and coaches.

Correlation between Nutrition Education and Dietary Habits in College Athletes

This study investigates the relationship between nutrition education and dietary habits among college athletes, focusing on volleyball and football players at the Federal College of Education, Zaria. With a sample size of 52 Physical and Health Education (PHE) students, the research aims to understand how nutrition knowledge influences dietary choices across different sports. The study used a quasi-experimental design with tests given before and after the intervention. Three types of data were collected: a validated nutrition knowledge questionnaire based on Zinn et al. (2005), a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and a 3-day food diary. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, with Pearson's correlation coefficient examining relationships between variables and independent t-tests comparing differences between sports. The findings suggest a significant positive correlation between nutrition education and improved dietary habits (r = 0.58, p &lt; 0.001), with volleyball players showing a stronger correlation (r = 0.63, p &lt; 0.001) compared to football players (r = 0.52, p &lt; 0.01). Post-intervention, both groups demonstrated improved dietary habits, with volleyball players showing greater improvements in fruit and vegetable intake and reduced consumption of processed foods. The study concludes that nutrition education has a positive impact on the dietary habits of college athletes, with the effect varying between different sports. The stronger correlation observed in volleyball players suggests that sport-specific factors may influence the effectiveness of nutrition education. Based on these findings, the study recommends curriculum planners and experts implement a continuous nutrition education curriculum as part of athletic programs. This curriculum should not only provide foundational knowledge but also include ongoing education to reinforce and expand upon initial learning.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Students Towards Nutrition and Health: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Students' health and well-being generally depend on their nutritional intake. Medical students, in particular, must be physically and mentally fit to perform better academically and to treat their patients holistically. Consuming a nutritious diet and maintaining good health requires an adequate understanding of nutrition and related diseases. Thus, this study used a validated general nutrition knowledge questionnaire to evaluate nutritional knowledge and aimed to assess medical students' knowledge and attitudes about health and nutrition-related diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 medical students between July 2023 and June 2024. A general nutrition knowledge questionnaire was used for the online survey, which consisted of questions on nutrition knowledge, individual dietary choices, thoughts about expert advice and awareness about health problems and diseases related to weight management and diet. The responses obtained were put in an Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) spreadsheet, and the data obtained was transformed into bar graphs and pie charts by using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). For the statistical analysis of data, percentages were calculated. The mean age of the study participants was 18.56 ± 1.16 years. The gender-wise distribution of participants shows around 47.7% (50) male and 57.3% (66) female. 39.8% of students answered correctly the precise requirement of macronutrients. 21.1%of students were unsure about the content of added sugar, salt and fibre requirements. The majority of students made healthy dietary choices, while many students were unaware of the expert's advice and diet-related diseases. It was discovered in the current study that students' general understanding of a nutritious diet was good, but they lacked knowledge regarding the nutrient content. Students showed a sufficient level of understanding of the healthy food selections, but they were not aware of the healthy cooking methods. Students were unaware of the advice given to the patients, while awareness of nutrition-related diseases was acceptable. Inadequate understanding and lack of awareness are attributed to the limited nutrition-related curriculum in medical schools.

Development of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for elite track and field athletes

Background: Satisfactory nutrition knowledge among athletes is important to encourage proper dietary habits to overcome deficiencies and enhance sports performance. Identifying knowledge gaps in sports nutrition is essential for improving athletes' understanding through a tool that evaluates both general nutrition knowledge (GNK) and sports nutrition knowledge (SNK). This study aims to develop the Athletic Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (A-SNKQ) specifically for Sri Lankan track and field athletes. Methods: The development of the A-SNKQ followed an extensive step-wise approach. Firstly, a systematic literature review was conducted on existing SNK questionnaires for athletes. Secondly, sports nutrition guidelines were incorporated into the questionnaire. Thirdly, information from local literature was gathered to ensure contextual relevance. Lastly, a qualitative study involving key athletic stakeholders was conducted to gain cultural insights. Results: The final version of the questionnaire consists of 32 questions in 12 sub-sections under two main sections: GNK section covers macronutrients, micronutrients, energy balance, hydration, and weight management, SNK section addresses carbohydrate loading, pre-training, training and post-training meals, sports supplements, supplement label reading, isotonic drinks, doping, and relative energy deficiency syndrome in sports. Conclusions: The GNK section addresses the fundamental nutritional concepts, while SNK focuses on the knowledge associated with the sporting performance of athletes.

A broken link: Knowledge of carbohydrate requirements do not predict carbohydrate intake around competition in endurance athletes.

Endurance athletes fail to meet carbohydrate (CHO) guidelines for competition, which may be due to limited knowledge. However, the relationship between knowledge and practice in this population is unknown. To investigate this, we assessed the dietary intake in 50 athletes (37 females) who completed endurance events ≥2.5h in duration and compared CHO intake against the carbohydrates for endurance athletes in competition questionnaire validated nutrition knowledge questionnaire, with specific questions related to CHO loading, pre-competition meal and during-competition intake. CHO-loading guidelines (10-12g·kg-1·day-1) were met in practice by n=5 (10%), but there was no relationship between identified requirements (range 0-12g·kg-1·day-1) and actual intake (rs=0.133, p=0.358), with the n=18 (36%) who correctly identified requirements, ingesting 6.1±1.9g·kg-1·day-1. CHO intake for pre-competition meal guidelines (1-4g·kg-1) was met in practice by n=40 (80%), but there was no relationship between identified requirements (range 0 to >4g·kg-1) and actual intake (rs=0.101, p=0.487), with n=19 (38%) who correctly identified guidelines requirements, ingesting 1.4±0.6g·kg-1. CHO intake during-competition guidelines (60-90g·h-1) was met in practice by n=18 (36%), but there was no relationship between the amounts of CHO required (range 30 to >90g/h) and actual intake (rs=0.028, p=0.849), with n=32 (64%) who correctly identified guidelines requirements, ingesting 56±20g·h-1. Results show no relationship between the knowledge of CHO recommendations and practice, suggesting that theoretical knowledge does not guarantee the achievement of best practice and other important factors may ultimately determine practice.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Content Validity of the Saudi Sign Language Version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire.

Profoundly hearing-impaired individuals lack health-promotion education on healthy lifestyles, and this may be due to communication barriers and limited awareness of available resources. Therefore, providing understandable healthy eating knowledge and a proper education evaluation via a questionnaire is vital. The present study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the content of a Saudi sign language version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ). The study followed the World Health Organization guidelines for the translation and cultural adaptation of the GNKQ, using two-phase translation (from English into Arabic and then from Arabic into Saudi sign language), including forward-translation, back-translation, and pilot testing among profoundly hearing-impaired individuals. A total of 48 videos were recorded to present the GNKQ in Saudi sign language. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) value was equal to 0.96, and the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) value for all questions was between 1 and 0.9, except for question 6 in section 1, which was 0.6; this discrepancy was due to religious, social, and cultural traditions. The translation, cultural adaptation, and content validity of the Saudi sign language version of the GNKQ were satisfactory. Further studies are needed to validate other measurement properties of the present translated version of this questionnaire.

What Determinants Are Related to Milk and Dairy Product Consumption Frequency among Children Aged 10-12 Years in Poland? Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Due to their high nutritional value, milk and dairy products should be a permanent element of a properly balanced diet for children and adolescents. The study aimed to identify (i) the frequency of milk and dairy product consumption by children aged 10-12 years in the opinion of children and their parents and (ii) the determinants related to the consumption of these products (including lifestyle, nutrition knowledge, and the nutritional status of children's as well as parents' nutrition knowledge). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 12,643 primary school students aged 10-12 and 7363 parents. Dietary data were collected using the Food Frequency Consumption and Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren® and KomPAN®). Anthropometric measurements were taken and body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratios (WHtR) were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to assess the likelihood of the frequent consumption of dairy products in the opinion of both the children and their parents, and the quality of the obtained models was assessed using model fit statistics and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. The frequency of consuming milk and milk products (every day and more) was low in the opinion of children aged 10-12 years (29.6%). According to their parents, the frequency of the consumption of dairy products was slightly higher (44.8%). Six factors associated with the frequency of milk and dairy product consumption were identified independently. These included schoolchildren and their parents' nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep, gender, and place of residence. More of these products were consumed by children with greater nutrition knowledge-both their own and their parents'-higher physical activity, longer sleep duration, males, and those living in the city. Family eating habits, particularly eating meals together, also played an important role in the consumption of milk and dairy products. According to the parents, the children in older grades were less likely to consume dairy products more frequently. The obtained results suggest an insufficient consumption of milk and dairy products. The identification of modifiable factors, such as nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep duration, and eating meals with the family, suggests the need to improve the existing strategies, including activities encouraging nutritional education for both schoolchildren and their parents.

Assessment of knowledge and nutritional status of students before and after nutritional education.

There are many educational and health programs implemented on a smaller or larger scale in Poland. Many of them address the problem of overweight and obesity in different age groups. Each such activity is considered valuable and important, since the problem of excessive body fat is growing and, in addition, poses a health risk due to the development of other diseases, including diabetes and hypertension. The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of nutrition education implemented over a 7-week period and to assess the nutritional status of 32 students aged 20-21 from Wroclaw. The study group of students participated in a Human Nutrition course that included 30 hours of lectures and 30 hours of exercises. In the study group, the level of knowledge was assessed twice (before and after education) using a questionnaire with 13 closed questions, and body composition analysis was performed twice (before and after education) using an InBody270 analyser. The study group showed a statistically significant increase in the number of correct answers on the nutrition knowledge questionnaire after the nutrition education (average 9.7 points vs. 11.4 points; p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were noted in the studied anthropometric parameters performed before and after nutrition education. The knowledge gained during nutrition education allowed the surveyed students to give more correct answers in the questionnaire after the Human Nutrition course. The nutritional status of the surveyed students did not change statistically significantly, but two students achieved a weight reduction of 1.5-2 kg during the study period.

Differences in perceived energy and macronutrient requirements across divisions in NCAA athletes.

Sports nutrition is an impactful component to sports performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the sports nutrition knowledge of National Collegiate Athletic Association collegiate athletes and assess self-reported perceived requirements for energy and macronutrient intake. A secondary aim was to evaluate the awareness of physical and emotional perceptions associated with mindful eating. Participants included NCAA Division I (DI, n = 45), II (DII, n = 31), and III (DIII, n = 47) athletes. Athletes completed a validated questionnaire designed to assess sports nutrition knowledge and were asked questions about their perceived dietary energy and macronutrient requirements. Daily energy intake values were calculated using a recommended relative energy intake value of 40, 50, and 60 kcal/kg/day for low, moderate, and high activity levels, respectively. Carbohydrate recommendations were calculated using 4, 6, and 8 g/kg/day, protein recommendations were calculated using relative intakes of 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 g/kg/day, and fat recommendations were calculated from a relative percentage of total predicted daily energy requirements, equating to 15, 25, and 30% of daily energy. Additionally, athletes completed a questionnaire to assess mindfulness regarding eating habits. Overall, athletes answered 45.5 ± 13.5% of questions correctly on the nutrition questionnaire with significant differences observed between male (48.6 ± 13.6%) and female athletes (43.6 ± 13.2%; p = 0.044), as well as significant differences observed between DI athlete scores (38.8 ± 14.1%) and DII athletes (47.7 ± 11.4%; p = 0.002), and DI athletes and DIII athletes (51.71 ± 11.83%; p = <0.001). All athletes significantly (p < 0.001) underestimated daily energy intake requirements (female, 2,112 ± 575 kcal/day; male, 3,283 ± 538 kcal/day). The mindfulness eating habits total score was significantly higher in male athletes (65.1 ± 6.5) compared to female athletes (60.9 ± 9.5; p = 0.009). Division I, II, and III collegiate athletes have poor sports nutrition knowledge, with Division I athletes having exhibited lower scores compared to Division II and III athletes on the sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire. Athletes from all levels of collegiate sports underestimated their energy and macronutrient requirements. Differences in mindful eating habits among female and male athletes were also evident.

Barriers and facilitators to healthy eating among college students: A cross-sectional study

Young adulthood is an influential life stage for developing lifelong eating patterns, yet limited research characterizes dietary intake among young adults. This cross-sectional study assessed dietary intake and characteristics associated with nutrition knowledge and healthy food consumption among college students. We hypothesized that healthy food intake would be lower than U.S. dietary guidelines and that perceived healthy eating barriers would be negatively associated with diet quality. Participants were undergraduate college students enrolled in an introductory human nutrition course (N=762), with surveys administered during the first week of class. Survey instruments included the Dietary Screener Questionnaire developed by the National Cancer Institute and the Jones Nutrition Knowledge questionnaire. Perceived encouragement, cost, taste, and ease of eating healthier foods were assessed with questions from the National Health Interview Survey. College student daily mean intakes of fiber (15.46 ± 3.06 grams), whole grains (0.63 ± 0.29 ounce equivalents), combined fruits and vegetables (2.38 ± 0.73 cup equivalents), and dairy (1.49 ± 0.53 cup equivalents) were lower than U.S. recommended dietary guidelines, while mean intakes of added sugars (14.65 ± 4.01 teaspoon equivalents) were greater than recommendations. As hypothesized, dietary intakes of young adult college students were sub-optimal, not meeting the U.S. dietary guidelines for fiber, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, and added sugars. Additionally, perceived ease of eating healthier foods, cost, and nutrition knowledge were significantly associated with increased consumption of healthier foods. Results highlight the need to reduce barriers to improve healthy eating among young adults.

Dietary adherence among persons with type 2 diabetes: A concurrent mixed methods study.

Poor adherence to dietary recommendations among persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can lead to long-term complications with concomitant increases in healthcare costs and mortality rates. This study aimed to identify factors associated with dietary adherence and explore the barriers and facilitators to dietary adherence among persons with T2D. A concurrent mixed methods study was conducted in two hospitals in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. One hundred and forty-two (142) persons with T2D were consecutively sampled for the survey. Dietary adherence and diabetes-related nutritional knowledge (DRNK) were assessed using the Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (PDAQ) and an adapted form of the General Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ-R) respectively. A purposive sample of fourteen participants was selected for interviews to explore the factors that influence dietary adherence. Qualitative data were analysed using NVivo version 20 software and presented as themes. Furthermore, binary logistic regression was performed using IBM SPSS version 29.0 to identify the factors associated with dietary adherence. Nearly fifty-one percent (50.7%) of the participants in this study had good dietary adherence. In multivariable logistics regression, it was found that increase in DRNK (AOR = 1.099, 95% CI: 1.001-1.206, p = 0.041) score and living in an urban area (AOR = 3.041, 95% CI: 1.007-9.179, p = 0.047) were significantly associated with good dietary adherence. Inductive thematic analysis revealed four facilitators of dietary adherence (access to information on diet, individual food preferences and eating habits, perceived benefits of dietary adherence, and presence of social support) and four barriers (inability to afford recommended diets, barriers related to foods available in the environment, conflict between dietary recommendations and individual eating habits, and barriers related to the social environment). The findings support the need for interventions including continuous dietary education tailored to individual preferences and dietary habits, expansion of poverty reduction social interventions and formulation of policies that will improve access to healthy foods in communities.

Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Greek menopausal women.

Nutritional guidelines for postmenopausal women differ. This study aimed to assess postmenopausal women's knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding nutrition during menopause and their dietary habits. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a menopause clinic, and data from 105 women were analyzed. A nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) questionnaire was designed, structured, and piloted before implementation, based on the Hellenic dietary guidelines. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Greek version, MedDietScore, and Menopause-specific Quality of Life questionnaires were administered. The mean ± SD age of the women was 56.9 ± 4.6 years. The mean ± SD KAP score was 12.2 ± 3.5. Those who lived in rural areas had lower KAP scores than those who lived in urban areas ( P = 0.004). Of all the women, 74.5% knew the Mediterranean diet pyramid, whereas 9.8% knew the Hellenic dietary guidelines. Women who had read the guidelines showed better knowledge of Mediterranean diet food groups (Pearson, 0.309; P = 0.039). Knowledge of dairy services was correlated with consumption of dairy products ( P = 0.002). Furthermore, 76.4% were willing to participate in nutrition education programs. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire score was positively correlated with years of smoking ( P = 0.002). Physical activity correlated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet ( P = 0.044). The majority of postmenopausal Greek women in this study were unaware of the Hellenic dietary guidelines. In general, women's knowledge of nutrition during menopause was moderate. Greek postmenopausal women are willing to participate in nutrition education programs, which should raise awareness of healthy lifestyles through nutrition, exercise, and smoking cessation.

Nutritional knowledge, eating habits, factors affecting muscle damage, and antioxidant enzyme levels of Korean wrestlers.

The aim in this study was to investigate the diet and nutritional knowledge of elite Korean wrestlers and verify the differences in their exercise performance , muscle damage indicators, and antioxidant enzyme levels according to wrestler level. A 7-day dietary and nutrition knowledge survey was administered to 30 adult male elite wrestlers (national team: n=11; professional team: n=19). The Wingate test was conducted for 60 seconds to analyze muscle damage indicators and antioxidant levels. Blood and blood lactate concentration analyses were performed four times; the statistical significance level of all data was p<0.05. Significant differences were found in general nutrition knowledge questionnaire (GNKQ) scores (p=0.043), diet (p=0.001), anaerobic performance (p=0.001), muscle damage indicators (p=0.026), antioxidant levels, and blood lactic acid concentrations (30 min after exercise, p=0.007; 90 min after exercise, p=0.038) between the national and the professional groups. To the findings confirm the relationship between the differences in diet, nutrition, and motor function for wrestlers of different expertise levels. In a follow-up, a comprehensive study on nutrition knowledge, athlete training , and weight loss is needed that considers a wider scope of subjects and analyzes additional variables.

Sports nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire for Indian adolescent athletes—an exploratory sequential mixed-method study

Sports nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire for Indian adolescent athletes—an exploratory sequential mixed-method study

A Cross-Sectional Study of General Nutrition Knowledge among Nursing Students in the UAE.

Adolescence is a crucial time for establishing long-lasting healthy habits, but many university students often engage in unhealthy eating behaviors. Increased independence, social influences, and mental stress all play a role in leading to poor dietary choices that can impact overall health and well-being. It is important to have a good grasp of nutrition to make informed food choices and avoid the development of chronic illnesses. To assess the nutrition knowledge of nursing students and examine the interconnections between participants' beliefs about diet, disease, and weight management. : A total of 100 nursing students participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Data gathering was conducted from March 2023 to May 2023 at a nursing college in the UAE. Participating students completed a self-reported validated revised general nutrition knowledge questionnaire (GNKQ-R). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation were used for analysis, along with univariate and multivariate analyses as a statistical methodology to examine individual variables within the dataset independently. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale in this study is 0.880. A cut-off point of 50 percent correctness was employed to signify a high level of knowledge. All participating students were female, with the majority (94%) being single. Most students (68%) had a normal mass index of 23.6, whereas 32% were overweight. The analysis showed that more than half of the students (57%) rated their overall health condition as good. The analysis also found that the only variable detected to predict the good nutrition knowledge level among studied students was having children less than 18 in the same family. The results of the current study indicate that future wellness actions should prioritize increasing students' general nutrition knowledge while also considering individual and academic factors impacting NK in college.

Enhancing Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients: The Impact of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

This study examined the effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy on the nutritional status and scores from the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice questionnaire in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Patients in the traditional therapy group received standard health education, whereas those in the experimental group participated in three months of this therapy. Clinical and nutritional indicators, including blood biomarkers and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice questionnaire scores, were recorded for both groups before and after the treatment. Post-treatment, the group receiving internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy exhibited higher blood calcium levels, increased upper arm circumference, and reduced levels of potassium and phosphorus. They also showed comparatively lower scores in Nutritional Risk Screening 2000 and Malnutrition Inflammation, along with higher Visual Analog Scale scores (P &lt; 0.05). The internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy group exhibited higher albumin and prealbumin levels, reduced transferrin, total cholesterol, creatinine, and urea levels, and modified quantitative subjective global assessment scores than the traditional therapy group (P &lt; 0.05). They also scored higher on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice questionnaire (P &lt; 0.05). These results indicate that internetbased cognitive behavioral therapy can improve the nutritional status, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice questionnaire scores, and overall quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients, highlighting its potential benefit in patient outcomes.