Nursing care in a patient with ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy: A case report

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of three generative artificial intelligence tools (ChatGPT, Gemini and DeepSeek) to generate clinically accurate, comprehensive, and readable nursing care plans aligned with standardised nursing taxonomies (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International, Nursing Interventions Classification, and Nursing Outcomes Classification). The study further explored variations in tool performance across different nursing specialties. A descriptive comparative design was used. Ten expert-validated clinical scenarios representing five nursing specialties (Fundamentals of Nursing, Medical, Surgical, Paediatric and Psychiatric Nursing) were presented to the three artificial intelligence tools. Each tool responded to four standardised prompts based on the latest North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International, Nursing Interventions Classification and Nursing Outcomes Classification taxonomies. Outputs were assessed for quality, accuracy, completeness and readability by expert evaluators using validated scales. All tools produced nursing care plans of moderate-to-high quality. DeepSeek demonstrated slightly higher accuracy and completeness compared with Gemini and ChatGPT. Surgical nursing scenarios yielded the highest performance, likely reflecting the more protocolised and pathway-driven nature of perioperative care. However, all outputs were incomplete and written at a college-level readability, limiting accessibility for clinical use. Generative artificial intelligence tools can support the production of structured nursing care plans requiring expert review and adaptation, particularly in less standardised clinical domains, but their limitations in completeness and readability indicate they should be regarded only as preliminary drafts requiring expert review and adaptation. The study examined whether generative artificial intelligence can reliably assist in creating nursing care plans. All tools performed moderately well, with DeepSeek showing slight advantages, but outputs were incomplete and difficult to read. Findings are relevant to clinical nurses, educators, healthcare managers and policymakers worldwide who are exploring artificial intelligence in nursing workflows. This study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct or reporting.

PurposeThis narrative review aims to identify relevant concepts from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) for the NANDA-International nursing diagnosis Risk for elder frailty syndrome (00357). In addition, updated, evidence-based NNN linkages are provided as a basis for clinical decisions and integration into electronic health records, as well as to support future validation research.MethodsIn this theoretical study, a narrative literature review in nursing-related databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library) and other key sources was combined with a structured consensus process. Based on the literature findings, experienced nursing scientists developed NNN linkages for this nursing diagnosis, which were reviewed and refined through expert consensus with classification specialists.FindingsSeven NOC outcomes were identified to assess the occurrence of the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis, addressing key physiological deteriorations such as cardiac, neurological, respiratory, and sensory function, as well as nutritional status. Additional NOC outcomes were systematically linked to all relevant risk factors, reflecting the multidimensional nature of frailty. Evidence-based NIC interventions such as Exercise Promotion, Family Involvement Promotion and Teaching: Prescribed Medications were identified and consistently linked to the diagnostic label, definition, and risk factors, ensuring internal coherence across the nursing process.ConclusionsThe systematic linkage between NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC enables multidimensional, evidence-based, and person-centered frailty management and improves the visibility of nursing. Only through continuous revision, validation, and empirical testing can conceptual coherence, clinical applicability, and integration into electronic health records be strengthened.Implications for nursing practiceThe results show that linked NOC outcomes enable a differentiated evaluation of frailty risks over time and can thus systematically demonstrate the effectiveness of targeted NIC interventions. Integration into electronic health records promotes clinical decision-making and strengthens the active involvement of frail individuals and their social environment in the interest of successful aging.

PurposeTo critically analyze the NANDA-I nursing diagnoses "Adult pressure injury" (00312) and "Risk for adult pressure injury" (00304) regarding the expected outcomes and recommended interventions. This contributes to strengthening the linkages between NANDA-I Diagnoses, Nursing Outcomes Classification, and Nursing Interventions Classification taxonomies in clinical practice, education, and nursing research.MethodsThis study adopts a consensus-based approach, with descriptive and analytical components, grounded in clinical reasoning of experts in nursing diagnosis, outcomes and interventions taxonomies and supported by a narrative review of the literature. A structured consensus process was used to reach agreement.FindingsA total of 51 linkages were mapped for the nursing diagnosis "Risk for adult pressure injury" (00304). Additionally, 37 linkages were identified for the nursing diagnosis "Adult pressure injury" (00312). From this analysis, 88 linkages were identified.ConclusionsThe established linkages allow for the distinction between preventive and treatment-oriented outcomes and interventions, enabling a more effective approach to caring for patients with pressure injury. In addition, ongoing efforts to validate and disseminate these linkages are crucial for advancing nursing practice, ensuring high-quality patient care, and creating reliable records that reflect nursing practice.Implications for nursing practiceThis work can assist nurses in their clinical reasoning and decision-making by providing a standardized nursing language in the development of nursing care plans with adjusted diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions appropriate for addressing the needs of patients with pressure injury.

Rape trauma syndrome (RTS) is a phenomenon that refers to a recognizable pattern of psychological, physical, cognitive, and relational responses following a sexual assault. To reassess the evidence base for RTS as a valid nursing diagnosis and to offer a conceptual-theoretical-empirical (C-T-E) structure for RTS based on the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM). A scoping review of the literature, following JBI guidelines, was conducted by two reviewers in databases and gray literature. Conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Studies published between 1974 and 2024 involving individuals with a nursing diagnosis of "rape trauma syndrome" treated in healthcare settings were included. The analysis of the 34 articles, guided by RAM, revealed that the person who experienced rape needs to be understood as a holistic, dynamic, and complex adaptive system. RTS is a phenomenon of ineffective adaptation to rape trauma that emerges from the person's interaction and contextual environmental stimuli, such as the pressure of secrecy after rape, the circumstances of the rape, and verbal exposure of rape. Nurses can identify RTS through the adaptive modes, focusing on physical trauma, sleep pattern disturbances and nightmares, self-blame, impaired self-image, loss of interest in previous life activities, social interruption, and loneliness. There is a need for more research in different population groups and contexts, as well as for the validation of nursing interventions tailored to the specific needs of people who have experienced rape. Applying RAM broadens the understanding of the rape trauma phenomenon, offering a robust theoretical framework for autonomous assessment, clinical reasoning, and nursing care planning. The RTS nursing diagnosis, guided by RAM, offers a flexible framework for recognizing behaviors resulting from rape trauma, anticipating needs, and identifying recovery points.

PurposeTo describe a Middle Range Theory (MRT) capable of conceptualizing and clarifying Excessive Caregiving Burden (ECB), based on Betty Neuman's Systems Model theory, supporting the validation of the phenomenon as a nursing diagnosis present in the NANDA-I classification.Data SourcesThe MRT was developed based on the theoretical-causal validity method by Lopes & Silva, following steps: (1) definition of the approach for constructing the MRT, (2) definition of the main concepts, (3) development of the pictorial diagram, (4) construction of propositions and (5) establishment of causal rela tionships and evidence for practice. The construction of a predictive theory was anchored in Betty Neuman's Systems Model and facilitated by integrative and systematic literature reviews on clinical indicators, etiological factors, and risk conditions.Data SynthesisThe theory identifies 26 clinical indicators, 23 related factors, seven populations at risk, and five associated conditions for Excessive Caregiving Burden. The pictogram represents the dynamic interaction of concepts around intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal stressors and the caregiver's lines of defense, illustrating the underlying causal mechanisms of ECB. Sixteen theoretical propositions were established, relating related factors and observable clinical manifestations.ConclusionsThe predictive MRT for Excessive Caregiving Burden advances nursing knowledge by defining the causal mechanisms around caregivers, which are affected by stressors influencing the manifestation of this undesired human response, supporting the diagnostic structure of Excessive Caregiving Burden and proposing its refinement as a nursing diagnosis in NANDA-I.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe results will provide nurses with a conceptual and practical tool to identify the manifestation of Excessive Caregiving Burden in caregivers, recognize clinical indicators or etiological factors, and implement preventive and therapeutic interventions. It strengthens the scientific basis of nursing practice, improves caregivers' health outcomes, and contributes to advancing standardized nursing language through the refinement of this diagnosis present in NANDA-I.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health problem with an increase in the burden of disease of around 29%–41% in the last three decades. The prevalence of CKD in all stages (1–5) reached 13.4%, while advanced stages (3–5) were around 10.6%. Globally, around 788 million people live with CKD (±14.2%) and it is the 9th leading cause of death in the world (WHO, 2023; ISN, 2023). In Indonesia, the prevalence of CKD was 3.8% (Riskesdas), while in West Sumatra it was around 0.2%. Prof. H. Muhammad Yamin Regional General Hospital in 2025 recorded 335 cases of CKD with 16 deaths in CKD Stage V, indicating that CKD is still a serious problem, especially in advanced stages with complications of hypervolemia due to decreased kidney function. This study aims to describe medical-surgical nursing care for patients with CKD Stage V during 4 days of treatment. The method used was a descriptive case study on Mrs. S in the Internal Room of Prof. H. Muhammad Yamin Regional Hospital through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and documentation. The results established seven nursing diagnoses, namely, ineffective breathing patterns, hypervolemia, ineffective peripheral perfusion, activity intolerance, nausea, acute pain, and the risk of impaired skin/tissue integrity. Interventions focused on fluid management, respiratory optimization, activity intolerance, pain management, and prevention of impaired skin integrity. Evaluation showed temporary improvement in nausea and pain., ineffective breathing patterns, ineffective peripheral perfusion, and activity intolerance improved for a while, but decreased on the fourth day. The risk of impaired skin integrity was not found until the end of treatment, but the patient's condition worsened until he died on the fourth day due to the progression of terminal illness. The conclusion emphasized the need for close, comprehensive, and continuous monitoring in Stage V CKD patients and improvement of nursing service facilities.

PurposeThe primary objective of this study was to conduct a clinical validation of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis "Impaired spiritual well being (00454)" in Patients with Infertility.MethodsThis cross-sectional, case-based design study conducted among patients with infertility at treatment centers affiliated with a University of Medical Sciences. To validate the nursing diagnosis, the Clinical Validation Model developed by Richard Fehring was utilized. Data were collected using a five-part instrument: Demographic information, Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire (SWBQ), Patient's self-assessment, Researcher's assessment, Defining Characteristics Checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as sensitivity,specificity,likelihood ratio, and predictive value.FindingsA total of 170 patients with infertility participated in this study. The nursing diagnosis of " Impaired spiritual well being " was identified in 87.6% of all participants. The characteristic "loss of hope" had the highest sensitivity (94.6%), the lowest negative likelihood ratio (0.11%), and the highest negative predictive value (55%), with a frequency of 94.6%. Conversely, the defining characteristic "anger toward a power greater than self" had the highest specificity (90.47%), the highest positive likelihood ratio (9.01%), and the highest positive predictive value (97.7%), with a frequency of 85.9%.Conclusions"loss of hope" and "anger toward a power greater than self" emerged as key indicators of "Impaired spiritual well being" within this patient group. The nursing diagnosis was validated.Implications for Nursing PracticeThis study emphasizes the importance of assessing the spiritual well-being of infertility patients alongside their physical health. By addressing these spiritual needs, nurses can formulate an appropriate care plan and deliver optimal interventions.

Objective: To establish evidence of the clinical validity of the nursing diagnosis risk for ineffective blood glucose (00489) pattern self-management in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method: A case-control study was conducted between May and August 2024 at a hospital in northeastern Brazil, involving 60 patients, 30 in the case group and 30 in the control group. An association was considered present when the risk factor, associated condition, or at-risk population had a p-value < 0.05 and an odds ratio > 1. Results: The risk factors insufficient knowledge about the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and inadequate food intake were prevalent. Conditions associated with diabetes mellitus and the use of high-flux dialyzer filters, an at-risk population characterized by patients with a longer history of diabetes mellitus increased the likelihood of the outcome. Conclusion: Evidence was obtained for the clinical validity of the nursing diagnosis risk for ineffective blood glucose pattern self-management in hemodialysis patients, demonstrating associations with the related conditions and at-risk population. Implications for nursing practice: The findings contribute to advancing discussions in the scientific and healthcare fields by providing evidence on the elements that predispose hemodialysis patients to glycemic alterations.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article was to identify recipient‐, donor‐, and graft‐related risk factors associated with dysfunctional liver graft response following liver transplantation. A case–control study was developed based on medical records of adult liver transplant recipients were analyzed. Cases were defined by the occurrence of dysfunctional liver graft response within the first seven postoperative days or by death/retransplantation within 6 months. Controls had preserved graft function and survived without retransplantation. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated risk factors. Recipient‐related risk factors included younger age, renal dysfunction, higher body mass index, and reduced blood transfusion support. Donor‐related factors included older age, male sex, and elevated serum sodium levels. Prolonged warm and cold ischemia times were also associated with dysfunction. These findings supported the development of the proposed nursing diagnosis, “Risk for Dysfunctional Liver Graft Response.” The dysfunctional liver graft response is a multifactorial phenomenon involving recipient, donor, and graft‐related factors. These findings contribute to highlight the relevance of nursing involvement throughout transplantation pathways.

"Ineffective Peripheral Tissue Perfusion" is a recognized NANDA-I nursing diagnosis, but its diagnostic accuracy for diabetic foot patients lacks evidence-based support. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this nursing diagnosis in hospitalized diabetic foot patients. A retrospective study of 89 diabetic foot patients was conducted from January 2023 to December 2024. Trained nurses independently applied the NANDA-I diagnosis. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO₂) < 30 mmHg served as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to calculate the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for the overall diagnosis and for each of its 12 defining characteristics. The top three characteristics were combined into a new diagnostic model. Compared to the TcPO₂ gold standard, the nursing diagnosis showed a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 86.96%, with an AUC of 0.851. Among the diagnostic performances of the 12 defining characteristics, "Color does not return to lowered limb after 1 min leg elevation" had the best performance (AUC=0.881), followed by "Edema" (AUC=0.835), and "Absence of peripheral pulses" had moderate performance (AUC=0.712). The combined diagnosis had a sensitivity of 84.85%, a specificity of 91.30%, PLR and NLR values of 9.76 and 0.17, respectively, and an increased AUC of 0.904, indicating superior overall diagnostic performance of the combined diagnosis. The AUC of the combined diagnosis was 0.053 higher than that of the nursing diagnosis, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.048). The nursing diagnosis "Ineffective Peripheral Tissue Perfusion" is a valid tool for assessing diabetic foot patients. However, a focused assessment for "Color does not return to lowered limb after 1 min leg elevation," "Edema," and "Absence of peripheral pulses" provide even greater diagnostic accuracy.

PurposeTo analyze the concept risk of self-mutilation in school adolescents and to refine the nursing diagnosis, Risk for non-suicidal self-injurious behavior.MethodsWalker and Avant's theoretical framework was adopted for a concept analysis, including a scoping review. Correspondence was established between the antecedent factors identified in the concept analysis and those in the nursing diagnosis, Risk for non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Potentially new diagnostic elements were proposed.FindingsThe scoping review identified 29 studies and synthesized 41 antecedents, 22 attributes, and 12 consequents. Risk of self-mutilation in school adolescents refers to susceptibility of individuals aged 13 to 18 years to deliberately inflict damage or injury on their own body tissue without suicidal intent. The most frequently antecedents found were substance abuse, excessive anxiety, female sex, depressive symptoms, poor academic performance, experiences of bullying, and disturbed interpersonal relationships.ConclusionsNon-suicidal self-injurious behavior in school adolescents requires a comprehensive approach, including identification of antecedent factors to implement preventive actions. The concept demonstrates conceptual convergence with the NANDA-I diagnosis.Implications for nursing practiceThis study provides evidence-based support for identifying vulnerable, as well as for the development and implementation of educational programs and campaigns in nursing practice.

Strategies for teaching nursing diagnosis in undergraduate nursing education: A scoping review.

Nursing diagnoses and interventions are essential components of clinical documentation and patient-centered care, yet nursing data in German-speaking healthcare settings are commonly documented using local terminologies. This paper aims to analyze translation- and modeling-related challenges when mapping German nursing diagnoses to SNOMED CT. Nursing diagnoses from the DiZiMa® catalog were translated and mapped to SNOMED CT using a structured semantic mapping approach. Two large language models (ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot) were used in parallel to support translation, guided by established principles of scientific translation. While 98.6% of the diagnoses could be mapped to SNOMED CT, 27.2% showed semantic precision loss, particularly for risk diagnoses and context-dependent nursing concepts, often requiring postcoordination, or remaining unmapped (1.4%). Semantic interoperability of nursing data requires more than direct translation or simple 1:1 mapping, highlighting the need for nursing-specific modeling strategies.

BackgroundIntestinal ostomies affect physical, emotional, and social dimensions of life, requiring systematic assessment and individualized nursing care. Although the NANDA-I Classification of Nursing Diagnoses (NDs) supports diagnostic reasoning and care planning, systematic evidence on the most frequent NDs in this population remains limited.ObjectiveTo analyze the available evidence on the prevalence of the NANDA-I NDs in individuals with intestinal ostomies.MethodA systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted following the Cochrane guidelines in Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed, and the Virtual Health Library, with no language or time restrictions. Quantitative studies reporting the prevalence of NANDA-I NDs were included. The methodological quality was assessed, and prevalence proportions were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model.ResultsSix studies published between 2000 and 2023 were included, five of which met quality criteria for the meta-analysis, totaling 508 participants. The most prevalent NDs were Ineffective sleep pattern (53%; 95% CI 28-77%); Risk for impaired skin integrity (34%; 95% CI 0-90%); Disrupted body image (33%; 95% CI 8-64%); Impaired resilience (31%; 95% CI 23-40%); Situational low self-esteem (27%; 95% CI: 21-34%); Impaired sexual function (23%; 95% CI 16-32%); Impaired physical mobility (23%; 95% CI 11-36%); Acute pain (22%; 95% CI 13-33%); Inadequate nutritional intake (21%; 95% CI: 10-33%).ConclusionThe most prevalent NDs identified reflect common altered human responses in individuals with intestinal ostomies. Identifying these NDs can support diagnostic assessment and care planning targeted at optimizing sleep, protecting skin integrity, promoting satisfactory body image perception, and enhancing emotional adaptation and resilience.

PurposeTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of the defining characteristics for the Frail elderly syndrome (00257) diagnosis (NANDA-I 2021-2023 edition) in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between February and May 2022, involving a sample of 148 older adults. Clinical validation was performed using latent class analysis, which was used to calculate accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity measures with their respective 95% confidence intervals for the defining characteristics. The likelihood ratio test (G2) was applied to assess the goodness of fit of the obtained models (p > 0.05). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee.FindingsA total of 17 defining characteristics were validated. Two latent class models were proposed, with Model 2 demonstrating superior fit and higher entropy. The nursing diagnosis achieved a prevalence of 50.7% in the sample. The most accurate defining characteristics were impaired physical mobility (00085) and impaired walking ability (00088), both with sensitivity and specificity values exceeding 85.9. Additional characteristics not originally included in the diagnosis were also identified and validated: insomnia (00095), impaired dentition (00048), urge urinary incontinence (00019), and dysfunctional family processes (00063).ConclusionThe nursing diagnosis Frail elderly syndrome (00257) was clinically validated among community-dwelling older adults based on a latent class model comprising 17 defining characteristics, all of which demonstrated accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity measures above 85%. Therefore, its assessment is recommended for routine use in Primary Health Care.Implications for nursing practiceThis study demonstrated the diagnostic efficacy for identifying vulnerable older adults within primary healthcare settings, enabling proactive and preventive care interventions for the population.

PurposeTo identify and synthesize the scientific evidence available in the literature on the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis Impaired Skin Integrity (00046), with a focus on the analysis of its concept validity, content validity, and clinical validity.MethodsAn integrative review with a critical synthesis approach was conducted to investigate the nursing diagnosis Impaired Skin Integrity (00046). The literature search was performed in databases using controlled and free-text terms related to impaired skin integrity and nursing diagnoses. Studies addressing concept analysis, content validation, or clinical validation of the diagnosis were included, with no time restrictions. Data extraction encompassed methodological characteristics, type of validation, diagnostic indicators, and contributions to taxonomic refinement.FindingsFive studies published between 1994 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria, four conducted in Brazil and one originating from the United States. The evidence demonstrated a predominance of content validation studies and clinical validation investigations. No studies addressing concept validation were identified. Across all studies, defining characteristics related to epidermal or cutaneous disruption, impaired skin continuity, and exposure to moisture or mechanical forces were consistently supported. However, variability was observed in the relevance of diagnostic indicators across different populations and care settings. Limited empirical evidence was found regarding related factors, indicating gaps in the etiological structure of the diagnosis.ConclusionThe nursing diagnosis Impaired Skin Integrity shows advanced conceptual development but remains at an intermediate level of empirical maturity. Although defining characteristics are relatively well established, the limited number of clinical validation studies and the insufficient exploration of related factors restrict diagnostic accuracy and taxonomic robustness.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Global prevalence is rising, with an estimated 589 million cases in 2024 and a projected 853 million by 2050. Beyond physical health, DM often leads to psychological complications. Anxiety is 20% more prevalent in diabetic patients than in the general population, often resulting in poor glycemic control and a cycle of metabolic decline. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of combining slow deep breathing therapy with classical music as a non-pharmacological nursing intervention to manage anxiety in elderly patients with DM at Puskesmas Tabanan I. Method: A descriptive case study design was used, following the five-stage nursing process: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Three patients (aged 65–79 years) with a nursing diagnosis of Anxiety (SDKI D.0080) participated from December 5–7, 2025. The intervention consisted of a 60-minute session held once daily for three days. Anxiety levels were measured using the Indonesian Nursing Outcome Standard (SLKI L.09093). Results: After three sessions, all patients showed significant reductions in anxiety. Subjective findings included decreased worry and improved relaxation. Objective indicators showed reduced restlessness, less muscle tension, and the normalization of respiratory and heart rates. Additionally, patients reported higher confidence in managing their symptoms. Conclusion: Combining slow deep breathing with classical music is an effective, safe, and feasible non-pharmacological intervention for reducing anxiety in elderly diabetic patients. This approach is recommended as a complementary therapy in routine gerontological nursing care.

PurposeThis study was designed to evaluate the process of controlling body temperature in patients who were diagnosed with infection and followed up with the diagnosis of "hyperthermia" according to the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis classification according to the outcome criterion "NOC (0800) Thermoregulation Assessment."MethodThis methodological and descriptive study was conducted with 102 inpatients followed up with the nursing diagnosis of "hyperthermia" in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology of a training and research hospital between June 2024 and June 2025. The data were collected using the "Patient Information Form" and the "NOC (0800) Thermoregulation Assessment Scale." Statistical analyses specific to groups that were normally distributed (t-test) or not (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation analysis) were done to analyze the data. For validity and reliability, the Davis Technique, Cronbach's α coefficient, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual fit indices, and item-total correlation statistical analyses were done.FindingsThe content validity index of the NOC scale was calculated as 0.97. When the mean scores of the patients on the NOC (0800) Thermoregulation Assessment Scale were analyzed, a statistically significant difference was observed for repeated assessments (p < 0.01). The indicators "dropped skin temperature", "hypothermia", "heat cramps", "heat stroke", and "cold-related tissue damage" were "not applicable" in the study population. No statistically significant difference was found between the NOC scale mean scores of the patients according to their gender, marital status, educational level, occupation, and presence of chronic diseases (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe Turkish version of the NOC (0800) Thermoregulation Assessment Scale was a valid tool that could be used during the process of controlling body temperature in patients with infection.Implications of nursing practiceThe use of the NOC (0800) Thermoregulation Assessment Scale would create a common language for delivering nursing care while assessing the process of controlling body temperature.

ObjectiveDetermine the accuracy of clinical indicators for the nursing diagnosis of ineffective self-management of health in adults with cardiometabolic conditions.MethodA systematic review of diagnostic accuracy was conducted according to the Cochrane methodology. The literature search was performed in March 2025. Studies involving adults with cardiometabolic conditions and the presence of clinical indicators for ineffective health self-management were included. The results were systematically presented, accuracy measures were developed, and a meta-analysis was established.FindingsTwenty-three studies and nineteen clinical indicators were identified. The main indicators for ineffective self-management in cardiometabolic conditions are: inadequate blood pressure control, insufficient management of signs and symptoms, lack of medication adherence, lack of regular blood glucose monitoring, and inadequate nutritional intake. Ineffective self-management was four times higher among individuals with a longer duration of negative effects of the disease and almost eight times higher in those who fail to manage the treatment regimen.ConclusionsThe clinical indicators identified provide important support for identifying ineffective health self-management in cardiometabolic conditions and advance scientific knowledge on the topic of nursing diagnoses by identifying new needs inherent to self-management.