ABSTRACT This study of differences in psychological well-being among those who report being spiritual, religious, both, or neither is conducted among adult (18+) Jewish respondents from the Israeli sample (N = 2,958) of the first wave of the Global Flourishing Study (GFS), a 22-nation population survey. Data were collected via randomised, stratified, probability-based sampling, and contained indicators of numerous constructs. Greater self-reported mental health, happiness, and life satisfaction and less self-reported depression and anxiety were found among those self-identifying as only spiritual or both spiritual and religious, in comparison with those who were only religious or neither religious nor spiritual. Findings withstood adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Results suggest that the relationship between religion and spirituality, on the one hand, and psychological well-being, on the other, may be more a function of the psychological resources offered by a sense of spirituality than the social resources offered by identifying with an institutional religion.

Given a Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) code, it is sometimes necessary to modify the code by adding an arbitrary number of physical qubits and parity checks. Motivations may include concatenating codes, embedding low-density parity check (LDPC) codes into finite-dimensional Euclidean space, or reducing the weights of parity checks. During this embedding, it is essential that the modified code possesses an isomorphic set of logical qubits as the original code. However, despite numerous explicit constructions, the conditions of when such a property holds true is not known in general. Therefore, using the language of homological algebra, we provide a unified framework that guarantees a natural isomorphism between the output and input codes. In particular, we explicitly show how previous works fit into our framework.

Recursive construction of projective two-weight linear codes

In this work, we present calculations of the basins and electronic population at the relativistic level, with expressions derived from a total Lagrangian density associated with the modified Dirac Hamiltonian [Zapata-Escobar and Maldonado, J. Chem. Phys. 163, 024310 (2025)]. Calculations were carried out using a local implementation for the numerical construction of the basins and the corresponding integrations of the electronic population. The basins' evaluation and electronic population calculations were obtained on both relativistic and nonrelativistic expressions, reproducing 99.9% of the total charge in the HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I, At) and SnH4 molecules. We found that the relativistic effects cause a contraction of the electron density around the nuclei of the heavy atoms, while for the hydrogen atom, the electronic population decreases, leading to a decrease in the dipole moment. In addition, we present the continuity equation from the modified Dirac Hamiltonian in order to interpret the scalar field used to obtain the basin with this scheme of calculation. Finally, we propose a new Lagrangian density associated with the Dirac Hamiltonian, from which it is possible to obtain an expression for the zero-flux condition, thereby recovering the nonrelativistic basin expression within the quantum theory of atoms in molecules approach directly from the relativistic formulation without adding a heuristic term.

Investigation on jointed rock tunnel stability numerical database construction based on combined FDM–DEM approach

The kinematic model "Dubins car" is considered.A scalar control is constrained by a quadratic integral constraint.A three-dimensional initial phase state is fixed, and a two-dimensional reachable set is constructed "at the instant" on the plane of geometric coordinates.The analysis is based on the Pontryagin maximum principle.Examples of numerical construction of the reachable set are given.A comparison is made with the case of a geometric control constraint.

This study investigates the syntactic and semantic properties of three Korean plural markers: -<italic>huy</italic>, -<italic>ney</italic>, and -<italic>tul</italic>. We argue that each marker syntactically forms its own N-adjunction structure with the preceding N, where N is the head and the marker is a non-head modifier, as described by Wiltschko (2008). Each marker also contributes a distinct semantic function that shifts the extension of the preceding N. We further claim that a numeral classifier has this function only in the so-called classifier-case type numeral classifier construction in Korean, which Choi (2025a) likewise analyzes as an N-adjunction structure. If correct, these claims undermine the major arguments of Park (2022) regarding plural -<italic>tul</italic> and its co-occurrence relationship with numeral classifiers. We reject Park’s appositive-type structural analysis of numeral classifiers and argue that -<italic>tul</italic> can co-occur with a classifier because it functions as a modifier rather than a head.

This paper presents a numerical investigation of acoustic wave propagation in an obstacle with periodically time-modulated material parameters. We focus on the numerical construction of Floquet–Bloch solutions, which are quasi-periodic kernel elements of the hyperbolic operator appearing on the left-hand side of the acoustic wave equation. Using the temporal Fourier expansion yields a system of coupled harmonics, which can be truncated. Rewriting this system then provides different (generally nonlinear) eigenvalue formulations for discretized Floquet–Bloch solutions. Deriving energy estimates and the necessary conditions for Riesz–Schauder theory show basic properties of the occurring Floquet exponents. To derive fully discrete schemes, we employ a general Galerkin space discretization. Under assumptions on the relation of the temporal Fourier truncation and the Galerkin space discretization, we prove that the approximated Floquet exponents exhibit the same limitations as their continuous counterparts. Moreover, the approximated modes are shown to satisfy the defining properties of Floquet–Bloch solutions, with a defect that tends to zero as the number of harmonics approaches infinity. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and illustrate the theoretical findings.

This study develops and validates a meso-parameter prediction model for backfill materials in PFC3D, enabling efficient numerical construction under varying curing ages and mix ratios. A quantitative correlation was established between hydration degree of the backfill and macroscopic mechanical properties, facilitating prediction of performance evolution. Using the parallel bonded contact model, the effective modulus overline{E}* was found to exhibit a linear relationship with the macroscopic elastic modulus E, while the stiffness ratio overline{k}n/overline{k}s demonstrated a strong correlation with Poisson’s ratio v. Compressive strength σ was shown to depend on both overline{k}n/overline{k}s and the bonding parameter σn/σs. Based on these relationships, a coupled chemo-mechanical prediction framework was developed to integrate hydration, mechanical response, and meso-scale input parameters. Validation against uniaxial and biaxial simulations demonstrated good agreement with laboratory tests, with mean errors below 8.5% for strength and 10% for deformation. Simulated failure modes closely reproduced experimental observations, confirming model reliability. Application to real stope conditions further demonstrated its capability to evaluate backfill strength. This work provides a mechanistic foundation for efficient and accurate parameter determination, supporting predictive modeling of cemented backfill systems.

The trajectory of girlhood encompasses various experiences, and these might include practicing sports. The examination of girlhood in relation to the participation in sports in literary discourse allows for a better understanding of what it has meant and currently means to be a girl. This article investigates the ways in which contemporary girl-centric French young adult (YA) novels represent practising sports as a girl in relation to gender inequality. Through close textual analysis of three recent YA novels – La fille d’avril by Annelise Heurtier, Championnes by Mathilde Tournier, and Le syndrome du spaghetti by Marie Vareille – and drawing upon the concept of gender-based socialisation as a discursive cultural and social practice with an impact on sports participation, I investigate the limitations the three teenage protagonists face and how they transgress the social and cultural norms imposed upon them by a patriarchal Western society. In all three novels, the protagonists are portrayed as heroines who experience gender inequality in different ways while practicing sports. Although only one novel has gender inequality and women’s rights as its main theme, all three can be read and interpreted through a feminist lens. By relating their experiences to numerous constructs associated with a patriarchal society at the level of social, cultural, and linguistic practices, the young protagonists – and young readers – are given the opportunity to challenge gendered norms and the monolithic order of a patriarchal society.

As the Sarawak state government accelerates infrastructure development to stimulate economic growth, it has attracted numerous foreign construction enterprises—particularly Chinese firms—entering the market through low-cost bidding. However, this foreign-dominated model, while improving efficiency, has triggered local enterprise marginalization, industrial chain fragmentation, payment delays, and project setbacks, undermining the intended economic spillover effects of public investment. Grounded in policy analysis and field evidence within a dependency theory framework, this study evaluates the structural impacts of foreign participation on Sarawak’s local economy, uncovers governance gaps, and proposes strategies to enhance local economic resilience under open-market conditions. The findings reveal that foreign contractors (especially Chinese enterprises), despite their capital and technological advantages in dominating mega-projects, exhibit pervasive shortcomings: inadequate local participation (falling far below the 40% policy target), deficient knowledge transfer (local firms hold only 6% of green technology patents), significant value leakage (foreign profit repatriation dominated project value flows), and widespread execution delays/cost overruns due to underestimation of tropical climate-geological risks, institutional maladaptation, and resource misallocation. Drawing on experiences from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam, the study proposes systemic reforms: introducing a Low-Bid Risk Evaluation System (LRES), enforcing a mandatory Local Participation Index (LPI), establishing a Smart-Contract-Based Digital Payment Chain System (DPCS) to protect subcontractors, and requiring pre-bid local adaptation training for foreign contractors. These recommendations aim to construct “embedded institutional resilience,” transforming policy intent into executable governance mechanisms to ensure infrastructure investment genuinely serves Sarawak’s inclusive and sustainable growth.

Consider the problem of approximating an integral of a real-valued integrand on a real interval by a Gauss quadrature rule. The classical approach to estimate the quadrature error of a Gauss rule is to evaluate an associated Gauss–Kronrod rule and compute the difference between the value of the Gauss–Kronrod rule and that of the Gauss rule. However, for a variety of measures and a number of nodes of interest, Gauss–Kronrod rules do not have real nodes or positive weights. This makes these rules impossible to apply when the integrand is defined on a real interval only. This has spurred the development of several averaged Gauss quadrature rules for estimating the quadrature error of Gauss rules. A significant advantage of the averaged Gauss rules is that they have real nodes and positive weights also in situations when Gauss–Kronrod rules do not. The most popular averaged rules include Laurie’s averaged Gauss quadrature rules, optimal averaged Gauss quadrature rules, weighted averaged Gauss quadrature rules, and two-measure-based generalized Gauss quadrature rules. This paper reviews the accuracy, numerical construction, and internality of averaged Gauss rules.

The dispute of default (wanprestasi) in Apartment Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) is evident from numerous construction delays and buyer losses caused by the developer’s breach of promise (Dasein). Ideally, legal certainty should be upheld through the application of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUH Perdata) and related regulations so that the rights and obligations of the parties are fairly and securely protected (Dassollen). This raises two main issues: (1) How to resolved breach of contract disputes by developers in Apartment Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB)? and (2) How to ensure legal certainty in resolving breach of contract disputes by developers in Apartment Sale and Purchase Agreements (PPJB)? These questions are examined using Yahya Harahap’s Dispute Resolution Theory and Jan Michiel Otto’s Theory of Legal Certainty. The method used in this research is normative juridical research, specifically a legal library study or secondary data analysis. The legal sources include primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. The research approaches used are statute, case, conceptual, and analytical. The legal materials were collected by identifying and inventorying positive law, journals, and other legal sources. The legal materials were analyzed using grammatical, systematic, teleologis interpretations. The legal construction was carried out using analogy and argumentum a contrario methods. The result of this study is that the settlement of ppjb apartment default disputes is generally taken through litigation in court, although non-litigation options are available but rarely used and that legal certainty has been guaranteed by the Civil Code, The Flats law and the legal certainty of PPJB apartment default disputes have been regulated in the Civil Code, The Flats law, and the consumer protection law, but the implementation is still hampered by the execution of decisions, disparity in compensation, and standard clauses, so it is necessary to strengthen regulation and supervision so that consumer protection is more real.

Knowledge graph and mitigation measures recommendation for safety hazards in large-scale hydropower projects using diverse heterogeneous inspection data

Over the past two decades, riverbeds in mountainous areas have been manipulated by humans due to their tourist attractions. Today, river geomorphology has entered a new era and turns to the basis of studying environmental changes which are used to River canal management. So, studying the trend of hydromorphological of this river is very essential. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hydromorphological conditions of a part of Jajrood River from Meghun to Fasham using MQI method. In this regard, the desired information was collected using field observations, remote sensing science and geographic information system. After preparing satellite images, the river was intercepted and divided into 7 sections using the MQI method. The first and second phases determined the quality of the intervals and the number of changes. The study results show that there have been many changes in the bed in this part of the river. In the northern parts, due to the limitation of the river on both sides, the intensity of changes is less, while in the middle parts of the river, according to the numerous constructions on both sides of the river, the intensity of destruction is also higher. One of the most important issues in using MQI method is the researcher level of expertise. Data collection is based on a combination of remote sensing, GIS analysis and field navigation and should be done by operators with background and appropriate training in river geomorphology because having specialized knowledge of river geomorphic concepts is necessary for the application of MQI.

Hadamard diagonalizable graphs are undirected graphs for which the corresponding Laplacian is diagonalizable by a Hadamard matrix. Such graphs have been studied in the context of quantum state transfer. Recently, the concept of a weak Hadamard matrix was introduced: a { − 1 , 0 , 1 } -matrix P such that P P T is tridiagonal, as well as the concept of weakly Hadamard diagonalizable graphs. We therefore naturally explore quantum state transfer in these generalized Hadamards. Given the infancy of the topic, we provide numerous properties and constructions of weak Hadamard matrices and weakly Hadamard diagonalizable graphs in order to better understand them.

Kinesins are microtubule-associated motors essential for intracellular transport, yet their roles in RNA regulation are still not well understood. Our lab previously identified KLP-20 as a novel interactor of the RISC complex (unpublished), with loss of KLP-20 disrupting miRNA-mediated gene silencing. Although KLP-20 expression is restricted to neurons, KLP-20 mutants display characteristic bumpy epidermal phenotype, suggesting a role in neuronal-epidermal communication. We hypothesize that KLP-20 may facilitate the transport of miRNA-RISC complexes from neurons to the epidermis, enabling non-autonomous signaling. Using the nematode C. elegans, we aim to define the role of KLP-20 in miRNA regulation and neuronal to epidermal communication.To address this, I generated numerous RNAi constructs to test candidate genes for suppression of the KLP-20 dependant bumpy epidermal phenotype, expressed miRNAs under an epidermal promoter to assess tissue-specific rescue, and investigated whether KLP-20 mediated miRNA regulation is dependant on miRNA regulatory machinery. This work will advance the understanding of kinesins in miRNA regulation, with implications for neurodegenerative diseases linked to disrupted miRNA pathways.

Indonesia continues to face significant challenges in students’ mathematical competencies, particularly in foundational numeracy. Addressing this issue requires innovative instructional strategies that are both contextually relevant and culturally responsive. This study explores the traditional mathematical language of the Javanese community as a culturally embedded medium for expressing numerical values and non-standard measurement units. Employing an ethnographic approach, the research combines literature review, field observations, and interviews with a Javanese language expert to examine the role of non-standard numerical expressions in everyday contexts and their potential integration into formal mathematics instruction. The findings reveal that Javanese numerical terms, deeply rooted in daily life, offer a meaningful foundation for enhancing basic numeracy. These culturally grounded expressions can strengthen arithmetic skills, improve conceptual understanding, and increase student engagement. By drawing on local linguistic and cultural practices, the approach bridges students’ real-world quantitative experiences with formal mathematical concepts, fostering a more relevant and inclusive learning environment. This study shifts the ethnomathematical focus from geometric motifs to numerical constructs, offering strategic insights for early numeracy instruction. The results provide valuable implications for educators and policymakers seeking to design pedagogically effective curricula that advance foundational numeracy while preserving and honoring indigenous knowledge systems.

With the development of urbanization, reclamation has become an important means to expand urban space. Characteristics, such as fill composition and hydraulic coupling during reclamation, affect the stability of foundations in reclamation areas. Therefore, accurate identification of the composition of the reclamation foundation structure plays an important role in foundation stability control and risk prevention management of the reclamation area. To realize accurate detection and three-dimensional modeling technology for underground spaces in reclamation areas, the following research is carried out in this paper: (1) The basic steps of reclamation are analyzed. Digital image technology is used to scan and reconstruct fractured rock masses in reclamation areas. As the model control point, a three-dimensional numerical model construction method for complex geological structures in underground spaces is proposed. A numerical analysis model that objectively reflects the characteristics of a reclamation area is constructed to explore the stability of underground space and the fracture formation and evolution factors. (2) Through the construction of a numerical model of an underground rock fracture network to carry out numerical simulations, the fracture evolution mechanism under the action of hydraulic coupling and the deformation characteristics of rock masses during reclamation are discussed, and a method for improving the stability of underground spaces in reclamation areas is proposed. The results show that underground space in a reclamation area easily leads to crack evolution and permeability changes under the dual coupling of stress erosion, which can induce land subsidence and even ground subsidence. By controlling the particle size via roller-compacted concrete technology, the stability of foundations can be effectively improved, which provides solid theoretical support and practical guidance for the construction of reclamation areas in coastal cities.

The advancement of military technology and the destructive power of modern weaponry have necessitated the development of strong fortifications. A fundamental design principle is the careful selection of the site, as geological and geotechnical factors significantly influence the propagation of shock waves and ground vibrations following an explosion. Additionally, the structure's design relies on various factors, including the desired level of security, the types of weapons involved, the topography of the area, and strategic as well as economic-technical considerations. This study aims to explore and enhance the geotechnical parameters and design principles in military fortification projects. When examining the history of fortifications in Greece, the Metaxa Fortification Line along the Greek-Bulgarian border stands out as the largest defensive structure ever constructed in the country. This monumental engineering project, was completed in just four years and was remarkably cost-effective for its time. It comprises 21 fortified complexes featuring numerous surface constructions and thousands of meters of underground corridors and shelters. The overall project integrated various elements, including road construction, tunneling, surface buildings, water supply, drainage, ventilation, lighting systems, and ditches. A crucial aspect of the design was the full utilization of the mountainous terrain and existing obstacles to maximize coverage and protection for the structures. Some of these forts remain intact today, serving as enduring evidence of the scale and significance of this fortification project. This paper presents a brief overview of this fortification achievement to highlight its innovations, which were pioneering for its time, employing techniques that have been adopted in modern fortification projects